A 591 MHz superconducting RF cavity is designed for the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), providing an accelerating voltage of up to 4 MV. Based on the requirements for Robinson stability and suppression of multipacting effects, four key physical parameters are specified: the fundamental mode frequency should be 591 MHz ± 0.1 MHz; the R/Q of the fundamental mode...
Niobium-based superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities are crucial for particle accelerators, yet their performance is limited by native niobium oxide formation, which contributes significantly to increased residual surface resistance. This oxidation challenge is similarly critical in superconducting quantum circuits, where niobium oxide layers adversely impact coherence times and device...
The High Luminosity Upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), set for completion by 2029, is a technology frontier initiative aimed at increasing the collider’s luminosity by a factor of 10, enabling unprecedented precision in measurements and expanding the potential for groundbreaking discoveries in particle physics. A key component of this upgrade is the implementation of advanced...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) superconducting proton linac is currently undergoing commissioning. During the initial operation phase, the final beam energy will be about 800 MeV, reaching a 2 MW power. High reliability and availability are crucial for the success of the ESS science programs and thus operations will be maintained even with failures of main linac components such as...
The main accelerator of Shanghai High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) is an 8 GeV CW superconducting RF linac, which constructed by superconducting modules (8 X 9-cell 1.3 GHz TESLA type cavities). This article introduces the cavities progress that Beijing HE-Racing Technology Co., Ltd. (HERT) fabricated for SHINE.
The Electron Ion Collider’s (EIC) electron storage ring (ESR) requires a 591 MHz fundamental SRF system, providing up to 68 MV bunching voltage and replenishing up to 10 MW beam power loss from both synchrotron radiation and HOM. The high beam current of up to 2.5 A and a charge of up to 28 nC per bunch, combined with the large number of cavities and an operation energy as low as 5 GeV, impose...
The Shanghai high-repetition-rate XFEL and extreme light facility (SHINE) under construction is designed to be one of the most advanced free electron laser facilities in the world. The main part of the SHINE facility is an 8 GeV superconducting linac operating in continuous wave mode. The linac consists of seventy-five 1.3 GHz cryomodules. This paper presents the successful repair of defects...
The CEPC (Circular Electron-Positron Collider) is a 100-kilometer circular collider designed to operate at center-of-mass energies ranging from 90 GeV to 360 GeV, with the primary physics program targeting Z and W bosons, Higgs bosons, and top-quark pair (ttbar) production. Following the publication of its Technical Design Report (TDR) in 2024, the project has now entered the Engineering...
Since 2018, IJCLab is involved in PIP-II project on the design, development and qualification of accelerator components for the SSR2 (Single Spoke Resonator type 2) section of the superconducting linac. All pre-production components (cavity, coupler and tuner) have been fabricated and qualified either at IJCLab (tuner and cavity) and/or at FNAL (coupler and cavity). This paper will summarize...
Next-generation, thin-film surfaces employing Nb3Sn, NbN, NbTiN, or other compound superconductors are essential for reaching enhanced RF performance levels in SRF cavities. However, optimized, advanced deposition processes are required to enable high-quality films of such materials on large and complex-shaped cavities. For this purpose, Cornell University developed and commissioned a chemical...
The power upgrade project of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS-II) was officially launched in 2024. It will upgrade the accelerator complex five times its current beam power capability, from 100 kW to 500 kW. A key component of the project is the superconducting linac(SCL), designed to accelerate an H- beam of 43 mA peak current from 80 MeV to 300 MeV. The SCL is composed of two...
The development of compact, SRF-based accelerators for applications beyond research is experiencing notable advancements due to the use of cryocoolers for conduction cooling instead of traditional liquid cryogens. Following the successful demonstration of a single-cell cavity operated through conduction cooling with three two-stage cryocoolers, Jefferson Lab has made strides in the operation...
In EIC ESR’s cryomodules, beamline warm-to-cold transition bellows are required to provide mechanical compliance and thermal insulation for the cavity string. With up to 2.5 A beam current and 27.6 nC charge per bunch in the ESR, all these bellows need to be RF shielded due to concerns of both the tight HOM impedance budget and the strong HOM heating. Sliding contacts are not allowed due to...
The Proton Improvement Plan II (PIP-II) that will be installed at Fermilab is the first U.S. accelerator project that will have significant contributions from international partners. CEA joined the international collaboration in 2018 and will deliver 10 low-beta cryomodules as In-Kind Contributions to the PIP-II project, with cavities supplied by LASA-INFN (Italy) and VECC-DAE (India), and...
Thermal management of high-power input couplers is a critical challenge in conduction-cooled superconducting accelerators. This work presents a low thermal load input coupler design featuring a detachable electromagnetic shield and a variable impedance stub to guide microwave-induced heat toward the 50 K region. RF and thermal simulations confirm its efficient power transmission and reduced...
A high-power input coupler was developed to transmit 100 kW-class RF power in continuous wave (CW) mode to a 1.3 GHz conduction-cooled superconducting accelerator. Both RF and thermal design optimizations were carried out to ensure efficient performance and compatibility with cryogenic constraints. Results of RF simulations showed a reflection coefficient of S1,1 = −44 dB at 1.3 GHz and a...
The Chinese initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (CiADS) proposed by the Insitute of Modern Physics (IMP) will use 58 650 MHz input power couplers for low β and high β elliptical superconducting cavities, for continuous wave power up to 130 kW. Pre-design of 650 MHz couplers has been completed. In order to validate the performance of these couplers and effectively eliminate soft...
High-power, compact, continuous-wave (CW) linear electron accelerators with beam energies of up to 10 MeV are being considered for possible industrial applications. Conduction-cooled, superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) technology allows operating such machines at high electrical efficiency, thereby reducing the operating cost significantly. A prototype conduction-cooled SRF cryomodule has...
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) Damping Rings (DRs) must generate ultra-low emittance bunches to achieve high luminosity. This requires many wigglers with high energy loss, compensated by the RF system. The resulting strong beam loading transients pose a major challenge for RF system design. A novel 2 GHz SRF cavity with an ultra-low R/Q below 1 Ω is proposed to minimize these transients....
To meet the growing demand for higher average power in Free Electron Laser (FEL), Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) technology, supported by superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities, offers significant performance and efficiency advantages. Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) has initiated a project focused on the design of a 1 GeV ERL with an average beam current of 10 mA. This...
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) is leading the design and fabrication of all superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cryomodules for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), to be built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). To achieve head-on luminosity at the interaction point, the EIC will employ SRF Radiofrequency Dipole (RFD) crab cavity cryomodules to compensate for the 25...
In new-generation synchrotron light sources, triple-radio-frequency (triple-RF) systems are proposed to meet larger bunch lengthening requirements and enable specific longitudinal injection conditions. In this talk, we will present beam dynamics analysis for the superconducting triple-RF system designed for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) storage ring. We will demonstrate that a...
The introduction of zirconium to niobium SRF cavities suggests a promising alloy with lower RF losses, higher critical magnetic fields, and a higher endurance to gradients. However, difficulties in fabrication of a ZrNb alloy, especially on the irregular surface of SRF cavities, have slowed the applicatory study of this potential improvement. We utilize a newly commissioned chemical vapor...
At the electron accelerator for beams with high brilliance and low emittance (ELBE), the second version of a superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) photoinjector was brought into operation in 2014. After a period of commissioning, a gradual transfer to routine operation took place in 2017, so that now up to 1800h of user beam are generated every year. In addition to this standard mode with a...
Comprehensive RF characterization of superconducting materials in a large range of multiparameters plays a pivotal role in research both on exploring material limits and understanding RF loss mechanism. This is particularly critical for emerging thin-film superconductors such as Nb₃Sn and superconducting-insulator-superconducting (SIS) heterostructures (e.g., NbTiN-AlN-Nb). The Quadrupole...
The SHINE project is a high-repetition-rate hard X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) facility driven by a superconducting RF linear accelerator with an energy exceeding 8.0 GeV. The linear accelerator (LINAC) of SHINE consists of six hundred 1.3 GHz 9-cell cavities for acceleration, producing photons with energies ranging from 0.4 to 25 keV. This study focuses on the first single-cavity...
This talk presents an overview of the efforts to resolve niobium quality issues, specifically surface pits and delamination, encountered during cavity manufacturing for the PIP-II project. Initial surface quality problems led to a temporary suspension of production. Additionally, delamination was later discovered in both formed and unformed sheets, raising concerns about the material's...
Niobium films are crucial for superconducting radiofrequency cavities and two-dimensional superconducting transmon qubits. However, performance issues such as the medium-field Q-slope in Nb film cavities and microwave dissipation in qubits persist. To identify the limiting factors in Nb film performance, we used DC biased high-power impulse magnetron sputtering to deposit niobium films onto a...
Field emission and multipacting are critical factors that limit the achievable operational gradient of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Plasma processing has been demonstrated as an effective in-situ technique for mitigating hydrocarbon-induced field emission and multipacting across a range of cavity geometries. In this work, we present the initial development and subsequent...
The superconducting Radiofrequency Dipole (RFD) crab cavities for the Large Hadron Collider’s High-Luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC) incorporate hook-style Horizontal Higher-Order Mode (HHOM) couplers to extract and damp HOMs, minimizing beam-cavity interactions. These couplers, fabricated from high-purity niobium, must maintain superconductivity under operational conditions at 2 K. As part of the...
This paper presents the key aspects of the cryogenic integrated control system for the ESS superconducting linear accelerator and its importance during the first operational experience in a LINAC configuration, enabling 2 MW beam power and beyond. This unified system is controlled by a master PLC managing the full CMDS (Cryomodules and Cryogenic distribution System) consisting of 43 cells,...
Plasma ignition studies have been initiated at IJCLab since 2022. These are focusing on “in situ” plasma decontamination of SRF cavities with complex geometries as Quarter Wave Resonator (QWR) and Single Spoke Resonators (SSR). IJCLab being strongly involved in PIP-II project and in particular in the qualification test of SSR1- and SSR2-type resonators, the vertical cryostat has been upgraded...
Highly performing SRF cavities are of general importance for multiple future projects and can only be realized in international collaborations. One crucial issue is standardization of parameters during chemical etching, heat treatment, and vertical tests. We have identified tiny differences in locally defined parameters in the laboratories. In parallel to collaborative initiative within...
Field emission is a major parasitic phenomenon that limits the performance of superconducting RF (SRF) cavities. It leads to the generation of dark currents and bremsstrahlung gamma rays, which in turn cause increased cryogenic load, local heating, and in severe cases, cavity quench. Moreover, the high dose rates produced in the proximity of the cavity can result in material damage and...
The grinding process plays a crucial role in the fabrication of sub-components for 325 MHz spoke SRF cavities. During the forming and manufacturing stages, various defects can occur, which are addressed through grinding. This study aims to examine the effect of different grit sizes and explore how these sizes correlate with defect measurements. Optical microscopy and scanning electron...
Medium Grain Niobium (MG Nb) is a cost-effective material compared to Fine grain Nb (FG Nb) that has isotropic mechanical properties, and can clear the high-pressure gas safety criteria for a 1.3 GHz 9-Cell jacketed Tesla cavity. At KEK, various high Q – high G surface treatments have been applied to the 1-Cell MG Nb cavities and its performance has been measured via vertical tests, with and...
High-Q three-dimensional (3D) superconducting cavities are often used for quantum application including dielectric constant measurement, quantum memory[1], and dark matter detection[2]. In these experiments, a high-Q cavity is integrated with a superconducting qubit, which yields circuit-based Quantum Electrodynamics (cQED) architecture. The cavity geometry employed for quantum applications is...
The Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) project has entered its construction phase. This state-of-the-art facility includes an 8 GeV electron linear accelerator, which utilizes superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. Each cryomodule within the accelerator comprises eight standard TESLA 1.3 GHz 9-cell superconducting cavities with two Higher Order Modes...
Recently, 1.3 GHz 3-cell superconducting cavities were proposed for the injector of the high-brightness free electron laser based on the energy recovery linac scheme. In the injector section, three cavities are required to accelerate a 10 mA electron beam to 10 MeV. The diameter of the beam pipe is increased to 100 mm to damp higher order modes (HOMs), which may lead to beam quality...
CEPC is engineered to function in four distinct operational modes (Higgs, W, Z-pole, and t-tbar), supporting a broad spectrum of beam parameters. The collider's beam energy ranges from 45.5 to 180 GeV, with a beam current varying from 5.6 mA to 1.4 A, and a synchrotron radiation (SR) power output ranging from 30 to 50 MW. The collider is a double-ring with shared cavities for Higgs operation...
This study presents high-precision Q₀ measurements for 648 MHz elliptical superconducting cavities in horizontal testing at CSNS-II, using the dual-frequency method to address errors in fixed-coupling systems (β ≈ 360) under high-field (6 MV/m) operation. Dynamic phase calibration and reflection suppression algorithms minimized cavity deformation and electromagnetic interference effects....
High-Pressure Rinsing (HPR) is one of the most important processes in achieving high performance of SRF cavities. The geometry of SSR cavities differs significantly from that of HWR and QWR cavities. For upgrading the HPR process for SSR cavities, it is important to understand how much of the inner surface area can be effectively reached by the waterjet from an HPR nozzle. HPR simulation...
Cylindrical shell silicon carbide (SiC) higher-order-mode (HOM) beamline absorbers (BLA) were developed and high-power tested for the 591 MHz single-cell superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in the Electron Storage Ring of the Electron-Ion Collider. The material properties of the BLA are crucial for HOM damping and wakefield performance. However, discrepancies were observed between...
Medium-temperature baking (Medium-T Baking) has emerged as a key technique for enhancing SRF cavity performance, with multiple studies attributing its efficacy to oxide decomposition and oxygen diffusion. In-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) enables real-time, atomic-scale visualization of dynamic structural changes, providing an ideal platform for probing Nb oxide...
This contribution outlines the current status and recent progresses of INFN LASA’s in-kind contribution to the PIP-II project at Fermilab. It focuses on key manufacturing activities, on preliminary inspection results on sub-components and on upgrades to cavity testing infrastructures. The production of the 38, 5-cell, β = 0.61 SRF cavities designed by INFN LASA for the LB650 section of the...
Two Prototype 1.5 GHz fundamental power couplers for the VSR (Variable pulse length Storage Ring) DEMO project at Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin (HZB), were produced by Research Instruments (RI) and Thales, with the aim to reach 16 KW CW. To allow for conditioning of the couplers in cold a dedicated coupler test stand was designed, installed and commissioned, creating a testing environment that...
Niobium-3 tin (Nb₃Sn) is a promising material for next-generation superconducting RF cavities due to its high critical temperature and high theoretical field limit. There is currently significant worldwide effort aiming to improve Nb₃Sn growth to push this material to its ultimate performance limits. In this paper, we present the first results of deposition of Sn on different Nb samples in...
The first commissioning run of the superconducting cryomodules at the European Spallation Source (ESS) provided important insights into the performance of the cryogenic systems. This paper reviews the cryogenic operations, with a focus on cooldown processes, pressure control, temperature stability, and overall system reliability. The effectiveness of individual helium bath pressure regulation...
The ILC Technology Network (ITN) in Europe, in close collaboration with KEK and key institutions including CEA, CERN, INFN, is actively driving the development of advanced superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technologies to support the realization of the International Linear Collider (ILC). The ITN-EU initiative focuses on developing and validating cost-effective, high-performance cavity...
The trapping of magnetic flux during the transition of a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity can substantially increase RF dissipation in the cavity walls, leading to a reduction in Q0, that in turn can increase cryogenic costs. The impact of trapped magnetic flux can be reduced by either suppressing the ambient magnetic field or by limiting/removing the influence of pinning sites in...
The accelerating gradient of Nb₃Sn superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities is currently limited, and the underlying cause remains an open question in the field. One leading hypothesis attributes this limitation to the presence of tin-deficient regions within the Nb₃Sn coating, which can suppress the superheating field. Due to the relatively large coherence length of Nb₃Sn, defects near...
The successful development of Nb3Sn/Cu coatings for the SRF cavities of next generation particle accelerators would allow for the operation of the SRF system at 4.5 K, resulting in a reduction of the needed cryogenic power by a factor 3 with respect to what normally needed for bulk Nb cavities, operated at 2 K. In the framework of I.FAST and ISAS collaborations, an optimized recipe for Nb3Sn...
Taiwan Light Source (TLS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source located at NSRRC in Taiwan, operating at an electron energy of 1.5 GeV. The original RF system of TLS utilized two normal-conducting Doris cavities. In 2005, these were replaced with a single CESR-B type superconducting RF (SRF) module, which significantly improved the system's stability and enabled an increase in the...
The pulsed linac at EuXFEL, operated by DESY, is de-signed to deliver up to 2700 electron bunches during a beam delivery time of 600 µs within an RF flat-top time of 650 µs. The user community would like to have more photon pulses. This can be done only by increasing RF flat-top length. The whole RF pulse length at the linac is limited by several factors, primarily the RF pulse length in the...
The qualification of 325 MHz Single Spoke Resonators type 2 (SSR2) jacketed cavities to meet technical requirements represents a significant milestone in the development of the SSR2 cryomodules for the PIP-II Project at Fermilab. This poster reports the procedures and lessons learned in processing and preparing these cavities for horizontal cold testing prior to integration into a cavity...
Nb3Sn SRF cavities have attracted increasing attention as a candidate for next-generation accelerators due to their potential to achieve high Q-values even at 4.2 K, enabling operation with conduction cooling. Since 2019, KEK has been developing Nb3Sn single-cell cavities via the vapor diffusion method using Sn and SnCl2 sources. In parallel, a dedicated small-scale coating system was...
Four DQW series cavities used for vertical crabbing in HL-LHC have been manufactured and tested at the CERN vertical test facility. Each cavity undergoes a sequence of cold tests starting from the bare cavity up to the cavity in its final configuration with all HOM couplers and field antenna. Experience with the first batch of DQW series cavities on RF measurements during manufacturing and...
Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications (MYRRHA) is an experimental accelerator-driven system in development at SCK-CEN. It will allow fuel developments, material developments for GEN IV systems, material developments for fusion reactors and radioisotope production for medical and industrial applications. First phase of the project called MINERVA currently in...
RF testing and performance analysis of low beta superconducting cavity cryomodules are in progress for the two facilities: High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator (HIAF) and Chinese initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS). This poster describes the status and progress of RF conditioning, plasma cleaning, key cavity parameter identification, cavity operation limits testing, and stability...
As part of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, crab cavities will be installed around CMS and ATLAS experiments of the LHC. To accommodate the different crossing angle planes, two cavity designs have been selected: the RF Dipole (RFD) and the Double Quarter Wave resonator (DQW).
Two prototype RFD cavities were fabricated and successfully tested at CERN. Subsequently, the cavities were...
Sustainability and cost reduction are key factors for the development of future large particle accelerators. This has led INFN LASA to start an INFN-funded R&D program dedicated to studying and improving the performance of SRF Nb cavities in terms of quality factor (High-Q) and accelerating gradient (High-G). Moreover, the R&D program is also pushed by the INFN LASA contribution to...
STFC is responsible for delivering 20 high-beta 650 MHz cavities for the PIP-II project, with industry partners now producing series cavities. Both pre-series cavities have set world records in performance and cleanliness, meeting the project’s stringent requirement for field emission-free operation, accelerating gradient, and Quality factor. Achieving this milestone required an...
650 MHz multicell superconducting radio frequency (SRF) elliptical cavities are developed for stable acceleration of proton beam in the Chinese initiative Accelerator Driven Subcritical System (CiADS). Two families of such cavities with optimum beta equal to 0.62 and 0.82, respectively, were proposed to boost the beam energy from 175 MeV to 500 MeV, with the capabilities to upgrade the energy...
The 650 MHz high power coupler has been designed and developed by IMP for medium-high beta elliptical superconducting cavities in the Chinese Initiative for Accelerator Driven Subcritical Systems (CiADS) project, delivering an average power of 130 kW. The coupler incorporates a door knob conversion structure, 75 ohm coaxial structure and dual warm window structure to achieve long term stable...
The European Spallation Source (ESS), as one of the complex accelerators require installation and commissioning of many systems and components. One of them is the accelerator line which is composed with the cryomodules uses to accelerate of the particles. Taking into account that ESS is one of the most technological advanced accelerators in Europe we can expect also that accelerator line is...
A heavy-ion accelerator facility was constructed for the Rare Isotope Science Project (RISP) at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS) in Daejeon, Korea. The cryomodule with quarter-wave resonators (QWRs) and half-wave resonators (HWRs) was installed in the SCL (Superconducting Linac) 3 tunnel, and the beam commissioning (Beam energy = 16.4 MeV/u, 40Ar8+) has been completed. The...
The relationship between crystal orientation and the strength of single-crystal niobium was evaluated. First, several single-crystal blocks were cut from a niobium ingot, and bar tensile testing specimens were taken from each block. In previous studies, a niobium ingot was sliced to produce a disk, from which a small single-crystal flat specimen was cut; however, this time, round bar specimens...
The high-purity niobium material used in the superconducting cavities is an ingot produced by electron beam melting, and is a polycrystalline with a grain size of 10 to 200 mm. Niobium sheets sliced from ingots contain large grains and called as large grain (LG). Superconducting cavities made from LG niobium have the advantages of a high maximum acceleration gradient, Q value, and low...
The testing and delivery of 86 704 MHz high-beta superconducting RF (SRF) cavities as part of an In-Kind-Contribution (IKC) by Accelerator Science and Technology Centre (ASTeC) for the European Spallation Source (ESS) facility in Lund, Sweden has just been completed. The cavities have been manufactured by industry, Research Instruments in Germany, and have been tested at Daresbury Laboratory...
The precise and efficient testing of the RF performance of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) samples under superconducting conditions serves as the fundamental support for developing new SRF materials. The traditional SRF material RF performance testing systems have technical bottlenecks such as strong dependence on liquid helium, long testing cycles, and high operating costs. In this...
The collaboration research is conducted according to the ITN (ILC Technology Network). As a part of research into the manufacturing methods for SRF cavities used in ILC (International Linear Collider), two 1.3 GHz single-cell cavities were fabricated by utilizing fine and medium grain size niobium materials, respectively. Those cavities are manufactured by KAT Co., Ltd. in Korea under the...
The study of higher order modes (HOM) excited in the pulse mode superconducting Linac of CSNS-II is presented in this paper. The effects of cryogenic losses and influences on beam dynamics caused by the HOMs have been investigated.
The China Spallation Neutron Source II (CSNS - II) necessitates 10 cryomodules equipped with double - spoke cavities and 8 cryomodules equipped with elliptical cavities to achieve the acceleration of H⁻ ions from 80 MeV to 300 MeV. Prior to their installation into the tunnel, each cryomodule must undergo horizontal testing and obtain certification. This paper will elaborate on the results of...
Stainless steel bellows are used to connect the 197 MHz superconducting crab cavities, to compensate for the cavity displacement due to cryogenic temperature changes. The impedance of the bellows should be evaluated for both wakefield effects and the potential high order trapped modes. In the nominal bellows one longitudinal trapped mode was found at 2252 MHz, located between two nearby...
INFN-LASA has successfully completed its in-kind contribution to the European Spallation Source Eric, delivering 36 superconducting medium beta cavities for the ESS Linac. These cavities are designed to increase the energy of the proton beam from 216 MeV to 571 MeV. In addition, four spare cavities are being fabricated. This article outlines the performance of the cavities delivered so far and...
As part of the upgrade of the Elettra synchrotron ring to Elettra 2.0, an upgrade and expansion of the helium liquefaction plant is also planned. The current cryogenic system is based on a Kaeser He compressor and a Helial 1000 cold box liquefier/refrigerator, with a Siemens S7-00 PLC-based control system, currently connected exclusively to the superconducting third harmonic cavity...
To support the ILC Technology Network (ITN) Cryomodule project at KEK, we have constructed and assembled six single cell cavities, four fine grain (FG) and two medium grain (MG) for vertical testing (VT). A series of surface treatment were applied to the cavities using the proposed recipe for the construction of the International Linear Collider (ILC). This recipe consists of four steps: bulk...
