Speaker
Description
Large-scale 4.5 K and 2.0 K helium cryogenic systems are a foundational support system for modern superconducting accelerator facilities. These are highly energy intensive systems. Large-scale efficient helium systems presently require approx. 800 W/W of cooling at 2 Kelvin (30 mbar) and 250 W/W at 4.5K. Due to the nature of the application, these systems require very high reliability (24/7/365 operation). Over the last few decades, progressive and synergistic advancements in cryogenic system operating efficiency and reliability have been made – starting from development of warm compressor skids with wide range operation, to development and implementation of the Ganni floating pressure process for efficient and high turn-down of the refrigeration systems (NASA-JSC, 12 GeV-JLab, FRIB etc.). These design and developments are successfully utilized with high turn-down capacity and substantial energy savings for large-scale helium cryogenic systems at many US Labs. The design and successful implementation of superconducting magnet quench recovery and management helped preservation of helium inventory and improved beam availability. There are still several challenges, e.g. efficient and reliable operation of small-scale 2.0 K cryogenic systems, helium recovery and purification systems that can affect reliable cryogenic system operation. In this talk, the operational experience, progress made to date, recent challenges, and the path forward are discussed.
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