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In continuous mode operation, performance of normal-conducting copper RF cavities is limited by high power dissipation around 100 kW/m, needed there for achieving a modest 2 MV/m gradient. In contrast, superconducting RF (SRF) cavities can easily exceed 15 MV/m under similar conditions due to nominal Ohmic losses, thus making them ideal for high-duty accelerators like SNS and ADSS.
We are pursuing a study*, in which a magneto-thermal analysis of niobium (Nb)-based SRF cavities, examines how the intrinsic properties like BCS resistance, thermal conductivity, and Kapitza resistance affect the performance of these cavities. These parameters are evaluated as functions of temperature, RF magnetic field, and material purity, better represented by normal-state conductivity than by residual resistivity ratio (RRR).
Our initial results show that cavities of RRR 100 grade niobium can provide high threshold magnetic field values and quality factors. Besides, a reduced wall thickness there, viable because of enhanced material strength, can result in an increase in thermal efficiency. Our study also indicates that defining material specifications for Nb-cavities in terms of normal-state conductivity and thermal diffusivity, might be a more accurate framework than RRR alone.
Footnotes
*Jana A R, Kumar A, Kumar V and Roy S B.. Pramana-J Phys 93, 51 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12043-019-1813-4
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