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Description
The first commissioning run of the superconducting cryomodules at the European Spallation Source (ESS) provided important insights into the performance of the cryogenic systems. This paper reviews the cryogenic operations, with a focus on cooldown processes, pressure control, temperature stability, and overall system reliability. The effectiveness of individual helium bath pressure regulation in managing pressure transients during cavity quenches and RF trips is demonstrated. The response of the system to cryoplant trip events is also analyzed. In addition, results from automated heat load measurements are presented, confirming that the thermal performance meets expectations. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the ESS cryogenic systems.
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