Positron source yield is a key factor for reaching the luminosity needed in future lepton colliders. Conventional scheme relies on a few GeV e-beam impacting on a high-density solid target to initiate an e.m. shower and collect the positrons after the target. This scheme is limited by the maximum heat load on the target before its structural failure.
An innovative approach to overcome such...
Osprey DCS is developing the Machine Learning Data Platform (MLDP) supporting data science applications specific to large particle accelerator facilities and other large experimental physics facilities. It represents a “data-science ready” host platform providing integrated support for advanced data science applications used for diagnosis, modeling, control, and optimization of these...
An effective high-power positron converter for electron linear accelerators is not currently available from industry. A commercial source would allow research institutes to have ready access to high-brightness positrons for a wealth of material science, nuclear, particle, and accelerator physics projects. Xelera Research LLC has designed, built, and tested a prototype free-surface liquid-metal...
The Electron Ion Collider calls for polarized proton and helion beams on polarized electron beam collisions. To preserve polarization of polarized hadron beams, six full helical snakes will be installed. As there are currently 4 snakes in RHIC, the remaining two snakes will be made from existing rotator magnet coils. The rotator magnets are made from both right handed and left handed...
The performance of a photoinjector relies on the brightness preservation. For acceleration structures used for emittance compensation, it will lead to a smaller additional emittance growth with fewer nonlinearities. To compensate for the possible asymmetry on both sides of the installation, an S-band acceleration structure with a novel coupler was designed. The beam test results show a...
A new two-stage collimation unit (2SC) for Fermilab Booster will be installed during 2024 summer shutdown. It is a supplementary collimator for existing single stage Booster collimators. Unique operational principles of this new 2SC adapted to Booster conditions are described. Results of beam dynamics simulations on collimation efficiency of the new 2SC are presented. Evaluation of collimator...
The upcoming High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) program requires a beam performance in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) that is at the limits of the current RF systems. Following the discontinuation of the RF tube production of the driver amplifiers a new solid-state design has been developed using radiation-hard amplifier technology. In view that the current system architecture...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a cutting-edge accelerator designed to collide highly polarized electrons and ions. For enhanced luminosity, the ion beam is cooled via an electron beam sourced from an energy recovery linac (ERL). The current ERL design accommodates one RF cavity per cryomodule, presenting both beam transport and cost-related challenges. This study investigates the...
Two of the major scientific drivers of particle physics and cosmology are the faith of antimatter after the Big Bang and the origin of Dark Matter. The answers to these questions can be addressed by investigating permanent and oscillating Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of fundamental particles. The experiments can be performed with polarized beams in a dedicated storage ring.
Important...
The 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel recommends an updated approach for accelerator R&D activities in the US research program. Key recommendations for the DOE-HEP General Accelerator R&D Program, a new targeted Collider R&D program, and the potential for increased engagement with the NSF are described.
Despite a shorter-than-scheduled physics run due to a hardware problem, the AD/ELENA antiproton complex delivered record beam intensities to the experiments during the 2023 run. This paper reviews the performance of both the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) and the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) decelerator and their associated transfer lines. It presents the main improvements that...
The International Linear Collider (ILC) requires crabbing system to compensate 14 mrad crossing angle. The crabbing system at 1.3 GHz needs to provide 1.845 MV crabbing voltage for 250 GeV case and 7.4 MV for 1 TeV case and needs to be fitted within 3.8 m allocated space. In this paper, a Wide-Open-Waveguide (WOW) type cavity is proposed as one of the candidates due to its simple structure and...
A very high electron peak current is needed in many applications of modern electron accelerators. To achieve this high current, a large energy chirp must be imposed on the bunch so that the electrons will compress when they pass through a chicane. In existing linear accelerators (LINACs), this energy chirp is imposed by accelerating the beam off-crest from the peak fields of the RF cavities,...
The PIP-II proton accelerator will provide the intensity sufficient to power a new generation of high energy facilities at Fermilab. Extension of that linac to higher energy with following acceleration and bunching rings could provide the intensity needed to feed a muon production target for a high-energy μ+-μ- collider. Scenarios using a rapid-cycling synchrotron or an ~8 GeV Linac are...
Efficient calculation of multi-dimensional derivatives of various performance metrics of RF sources with respect to different design parameters is a critical element of their optimization and sensitivity analysis. The direct approach is to change slightly the value of a design parameter of interest and compute the resulting change in the metric of interest; an example is a calculation of how a...
A new charge selector is currently under development at FRIB to intercept unwanted charge states of higher-power 17 - 20 MeV/u stripped heavy ion beams. The charge selector is located in the first bending segment of the FRIB linac, where high dispersion separates charge states to allow for their selection. The design concept is based on rotating graphite cylinders that act as an intermediate...
Ultrafast high-brightness X-ray pulses have proven invaluable for a broad range of research. Such pulses are typically generated via synchrotron emission from relativistic electron bunches. Recently, compact X-ray sources based on laser-wakefield accelerated (LWFA) electron beams have been demonstrated, where the radiation is generated by transverse betatron oscillations of electrons within...
An Yb:YAG laser has been used to generate both the electron emission from a photocathode and act as the interaction laser on a 100 MeV inverse Compton scattering experiment. The laser generates 25 mJ pulses at 1030 nm, 1.5 ps long, up to 120 Hz. 10 % of the energy is sent into a Fourth Harmonic Generation (FHG) module where frequency doubling happens twice. Up to 200 µJ of adjustable...
The design and study of the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) present a significant challenge, requiring the proper modeling of various physical phenomena such as the crab-waist collision scheme with a large Piwinski angle, strong nonlinear effects, energy sawtooth, beam-beam interactions, and machine impedances. In response to this challenge, the APES software project was proposed in...
In anticipation of the Eupraxia@SPARC_LAB project at the INFN Frascati National Laboratories, an intensive testing and validation activity for the X-band RF system has commenced at the TEX test facility. The Eupraxia@SPARC_LAB project entails the development of a Free-Electron Laser (FEL) radiation source with a 1 GeV Linac based on plasma acceleration and an X-band radiofrequency (RF)...
ALBA is working on the upgrade project that shall transform the actual storage ring, in operation since 2012, into a 4th generation light source, in which the soft X-rays part of the spectrum shall be diffraction limited. The project was launched in 2021 with an R&D budget to build prototypes of the more critical components. The storage ring upgrade is based on a MBA lattice which has to...
The ALS-U project is an upgrade to the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory that aims to deliver diffraction-limited x-ray beams with an increased beam brightness of two orders of magnitude for soft x-rays compared to the current ALS facility. A nine-bend achromat lattice Storage Ring (SR) and a three-bend achromat Accumulator Ring (AR) will be installed in...
We present the optics design of the solenoid compensation scheme at the FCC-ee. The 2T solenoids from the experiments induce coupling on the beams, generating an increase on vertical emittance. This compensation scheme minimizes emittance growth, with a final value of approximately 5% of the nominal. A screening solenoid is placed around the Final Focus Quadrupoles to protect them from the...
Steady-state microbunching (SSMB) represents an innovative scheme for generating high-power coherent radiation. This approach is expected to generate kilowatt-scale extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation for lithography in the semiconductor industry. During the second phase of the SSMB proof-of-principle experiment (SSMB PoP II), the creation of quasi-steady-state microbunches requires specific...
An input port for the magnetron uses the helix of the filament as an antenna into the resonant structure of the magnetron. Analytical results indicate the coupling variables in pitch and radius of the filament. High voltage standoff includes a combination of DC blocks and capacitive coupling techniques in either waveguide or coax. The importance of this novel innovation in magnetron...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the oldest operating high-average-power accelerators in the United States, having recently celebrated its 50th anniversary of operation. LANSCE is comprised of an 800-MeV linac capable of concurrently accelerating both H+ and H- ions, and can presently provide beam to six separate user stations. The LANSCE accelerator operates with much...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the oldest operating high-average-power accelerators in the United States, having recently celebrated its 50th anniversary of operation. LANSCE is comprised of an 800-MeV linac capable of concurrently accelerating both H+ and H- ions, and can presently provide beam to six separate user stations.
The Proton Storage Ring (PSR) at LANSCE...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage RIng (HSR) requires the crossing of transition for all species except for protons. The current scheme for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) utilizes the gamma transition quadrupoles will be adopted for the scheme of the HSR. With rebuilt straight sections, the jump quadrupoles responsible for tune compensation will need to be placed at...
This study examines Laser Engineered Surface Structures (LESS) in the context of their potential application within particle accelerators. These structures are investigated due to their efficient reduction of secondary electron yield to counteract the formation of electron clouds, a phenomenon detrimental to accelerator performance. A critical aspect of their evaluation involves understanding...
The n_TOF is one of the few neutron spallation facilities in the world capable of delivering neutron spectra. These spectra are used for precise neutron-induced cross-section measurements using the time of flight technique. The facility has made significant contributions to a wide range of scientific fields including astrophysics, nuclear technologies and medical applications since the...
In accelerator physics, channeling is a well-established phenomenon. By carefully selecting crystal orientation, particle’s trajectories can be controlled and guided along desired paths. Bent crystals have been used at worldwide particle accelerators as optical elements to steer charged particle beams, with an elective application related to the collimation of the lead ion beam circulating in...
In this paper, we delve into the application and comparative analysis of the Accelerator Physics Emulation System Cavity-Beam Interaction (APES_CBI) module within the BEPC-II (Beijing Electron-Positron Collider) experiments. We developed the APES_CBI module as an advanced time-domain solver, specifically designed to analyze RLC circuits driven by beam and generator currents and to simulate the...
In this study, we present a lattice design for the dif-fraction limited storage ring (DLSR), achieving an ultra-low natural emittance of 25.6 pm·rad (N-IBS). To address the significant intra-beam scattering (IBS) effect resulting from the ultra-low emittance and long damping times, Horizontal Field Damping Wigglers (HFDWs) have been adopted. These components de-crease damping times and beam...
In our pursuit to tailor a precise electron bunch with a photoinjector, fine-tuning laser parameters, especially those influencing the photocathode pulse, is pivotal. Our ongoing research integrates machine learning, training neural networks with experimental data from ATF. The first approach involves generating a downstream photocurrent image to replicate the emission profile, serving as a...
After a long shutdown, the Advanced Photon Source (APS) booster synchrotron was recently re-commissioned for the APS Upgrade (APS-U) project. The APS-U requirements for the booster are more demanding than the old APS: much higher bunch charge, reduced beam emittance, and improved charge stability of better than 5% shot to shot. The booster accelerates electron bunches of 1-12 nC from 425 MeV...
The ATF2-3 beamline is the only facility in the world for testing the Final Focus Beamline of linear colliders and is essential for the ILC and the CLIC projects. A vertical electron beam size of 41 nm (within 10% of the target), a closed-loop intra-bunch feedback of latency 133 ns, and direct stabilization of the beam position at the Interaction Point to 41 nm (limited by IP BPM resolution)...
Super-NaNu is a proposed neutrino experiment as part of the SHADOWS proposal for the high intensity facility ECN3 in CERN's North Area. It aims to detect neutrino interactions downstream of a beam-dump that is penetrated with a 400 GeV high intensity proton beam from the SPS. The experiment would run in parallel to the HIKE and SHADOWS experiments, taking data with an emulsion detector....
Beam tuning in a post-accelerator facility such as TRIUMF’s ISAC involves a considerable amount of overhead and often leads to tunes which diverge from the theoretical optimum for the system, introducing undesirable effects such as aberrations or chromatic couplings. Bayesian Optimization for Ion Steering (BOIS) has been developed and tested to perform centroid corrective steering, after the...
High Power Targetry (HPT) R&D is critical in the context of increasing beam intensity and energy for next generation accelerators. Many target concepts and novel materials are being developed and tested for their ability to withstand extreme beam environments; the HPT R&D Group at Fermilab is developing an electrospun nanofiber material for this purpose.
The performance of these nanofiber...
The Canadian Light Source (CLS) storage ring RF frequency varies on timescales of seconds to days. Over approximately 20 years it has drifted from its design value. We outline and discuss our efforts to identify, disentangle and mitigate the potential sources of variations in the RF frequency on various timescales. These sources include the building temperature regulation, the orbit correction...
This work examines the multi-pass steering of six electron beams in an FFA arc ranging from approximately 10.5 GeV to 22 GeV. Shown here is an algorithm based on singular value decomposition (SVD) to successfully steer all six beams through the arc given precise knowledge of all beam positions at each of one hundred and one diagnostic locations with one hundred individual corrector magnets:...
The P42 beamline transports 400 GeV protons from the CERN SPS between the T4 and T10 targets. A secondary particle beam is produced at the T10 target and transported along the K12 beamline to the experimental cavern ECN3, presently housing the NA62 experiment. In the context of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study, an increase of the beam intensity in P42 has been considered to provide...
The proton storage ring (PSR) upgrade for the LANSCE Modernization Project aims to minimize the yearly maintenance outage by minimizing beam loss. Several improvements could potentially impact the beam dynamics in the PSR, including a larger coated beam pipe and new buncher, injection, and extraction systems. The larger diameter, from 4” to 6”, will directly impact the beam dynamics due to an...
DESY is planning to upgrade PETRA III to a 4th generation light source. The magnetic lattice components are pre-installed and aligned on long girders before being installed in the tunnel. These long girders and the misalignment of the magnets pose a challenge for the PETRA IV lattice, including the storage of the beam in the ring. Commissioning simulations have been performed which showed that...
In 2023, the LHC started its Run 3 operation with 208Pb82+ beams at 6.8 ZTeV, with a substantially higher number of bunches compared to past runs. Several new hardware systems were used operationally for the first time with high-intensity beams, including bent crystal collimators in the betatron cleaning insertion. Crystal-assisted collimation reduces the leakage of secondary ion fragments to...
The BESSY III project evolves from a pre-CDR phase into the CDR phase. And for lattice design, it means, that one of the different Higher-Order-Achromat MBA lattice candidates has to be chosen as the baseline lattice for the iterations with the construction department. Therefore it is essential that the design of the main and most important components, the bending magnets, will be defined as...
Slow resonant extraction plays a crucial role in delivering a high-quality continuous beam to experiments. Simulating extraction and transport of charged particle beams require a process of careful modeling and experimentation. There are various particle tracking simulation tools available to use. Each has its merits and deficiencies. In this work we have used long-term tracking based on the...
LIV.INNO is a new initiative which will train around 40 PhD students over three cohorts. It fosters innovation in data-intensive science, serves as a dynamic platform for collaboration between leading research organizations and the next generation of scientists. Within this context, several projects focus on research that intersects between data science and particle accelerator...
A novel double-crystal experiment is being considered for installation in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to measure precession properties of short-lived baryons such as the Λc+. The experiment utilises a first bent silicon crystal of 50 µrad to deflect halo particles away from the circulating proton beam. Further downstream, a second crystal is installed, which produces a significantly...
The Southern Advanced Photon Source (SAPS) is a 3.5 GeV, kilometer-scale, ultra-low emittance storage ring to be built next to the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) in Guangdong Dongguan, China. A lattice design of storage ring was proposed, consisting of 32 modified hybrid 7BAs, and having a natural emittance of 26.3 pm·rad and a circumference of ~810 m. In this paper, a candidate...
400 GeV protons extracted from the CERN SPS are transported to the T4 target via the TT20 transfer line. The P42 beamline then transports the protons that did not interact in the T4 target to the T10 target. During operation in 2021 and 2022, higher than expected beam losses were measured, in addition to an increased beam spot size that had previously been observed. It was suspected that the...
A large challenge with Plasma Wakefield Acceleration lies in creating a plasma with a profile and length that properly match the electron beam. Using a laser-ionized plasma source provides control in creating an appropriate plasma density ramp. Additionally, using a laser-ionized plasma allows for an accelerator to run at a higher repetition rate. At the Facility for Advanced Accelerator...
The secondary beam production target at future positron sources at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), the International Linear Collider (ILC) or the Future Circular Collider (FCC), features unprecedented mechanical and thermal stresses which may compromise sustainable and reliable operation. Candidate materials are required to possess high melting temperature together...
Bunches excited by a transverse kick out of the closed orbit develop betatron oscillations, whose dynamics is affected by the chromaticity used in the accelerator or storage ring. Specifically, decoherence and recoherence effects caused by chromaticity can be modified by introducing Landau damping in the synchrotron phase space, when using a harmonic cavity to stretch the bunch length in order...
We calculate the coherent radiation of a modulated beam in a short resonantly tuned undulator taking into account the finite transverse size and the angular spread of the beam. The result allows to optimize the radiation by controlling the Twiss parameters in the undulator.
Horizontal and vertical collimators will be installed in the Diamond-II storage ring to protect the ring components against undesired losses and radiation showers. Different loss mechanisms have been studied, including lifetime effects, RF trips, injection losses and kicker misfire. In this paper, we present the latest collimator layout and collimation efficiency. In addition, the risk of...
For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) accumulates and accel-erates the injection beam to the design energy of 1.6 GeV and then extracts the high energy beam to the target. In this paper, the commissioning of 160 kW beam power for the CSNS RCS have been comprehensively studied, in-cluding: increase of the pulse width for the injection beam to...
The CW electron accelerator ELBE is in operation for more than two decades. The timing system has been patched several times in order to meet changing requirements. In 2019 the development of a new timing system based on Micro Research Finland Hardware has been started which is designed to unify the heterogeneous structure and to replace obsolete components. In spring 2024 the system has been...
Beam based alignment (BBA) plays an important role in the commissioning of the fourth generation light source but it takes a lot of time with several hundreds of BPMs. To speed up BBA, a method using AC excitation, called fast BBA, has been proposed and is tested in several 3rd generation light sources. We have recently also proposed and tested a new BBA based on the neural network machine...
Modern synchrotron light sources are competing intensively to increase X-ray brightness and, eventually, approach the diffraction limit, which sets the final goal of lattice emittance. Recently, we propose a new optics solution aimed at reaching low emittance, using a lattice element “Complex Bend”. The Complex Bend is a sequence of dipole poles interleaved with strong alternate focusing so as...
Conceptual design work is under way for a fourth generation light source in Australia.This new light source is being designed as a completely new facility, intended to come into operation around 2037 as the current Third generation Australian Synchrotron reaches its end of life. Previous design work was done to consider a 600 m ring, but on review the decision was made to reduce the...
For the future multi-TeV muon collider, ionization cooling is a critical step to achieve the required beam emittance for a proton-driven muon beam. Ionization cooling of intense muon beams requires the operation of high-gradient, normal-conducting RF structures in the presence of strong magnetic fields. The MAP modular cavity study at Fermilab has demonstrated the RF breakdown threshold at 13...
The operation of the COler SYnchrotron COSY and its further development ended in October 2023. We briefly review the operation of the accelerator facility and continuous development of its sub-systems. Additionally, this work is put in context of the transformation process that COSY operation and the Institute of Nuclear Physics (IKP) of the Research Center Jülich went through starting 2015....
Proton polarization is preserved in the AGS by using helical dipoles partial snakes to avoid depolarizing vertical resonances. These same helical dipoles also drive numerous (82) weak horizontal resonances that result in polarization loss. These horizontal resonances occur at the same energy (and therefore frequency) as depolarizing resonances driven by linear betatron coupling. A new scheme...
This paper details the implementation and benchmarking of crystal collimation within MERLIN++ accelerator physics library and demonstrates its application in simulating crystal collimation process for the High Luminosity upgrade of LHC at CERN. Crystal collimation is one of the key technologies suggested to enhance the current collimation system according to the requirements of HL-LHC upgrade...
The attainable acceleration gradient in normal conducting RF accelerating structure is limited by RF breakdown, a major challenge in high gradient operation. Some of the recent experiments at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility suggest the possibility of breakdown mitigation by using short RF pulses (on the order of a few nanoseconds) to drive the accelerating structures. To...
In accelerator labs like GSI/FAIR, automating complex systems is key for maximizing physics experiment time. This study explores the application of a data-driven model predictive control (MPC) to refine the multi-turn injection (MTI) process into the SIS18 synchrotron, departing from conventional numerical optimization methods. MPC is distinguished by its reduced number of optimization steps...
The ALS-U project to upgrade the Advanced Light Source to a multi bend achromat lattice received CD-3 approval in 2022 marking the start of the construction phase for the Storage Ring. Construction of the accumulator under a prior CD-3A authorization is already well advanced. ALS-U promises to deliver diffraction limited performance in the soft x-ray range by lowering the horizontal emittance...
Recent efforts at SLAC aim at developing high-power accelerators powered by compact, high-efficiency RF sources such as klystrons and Inductive output tubes (IOT). Stellant Systems (formerly L3Harris Electron Devices) has long pioneered the IOT design and recently leveraged its power toward various accelerator applications. In this talk, we show the progress of developing a 1.3 GHz HEIOT in...
Jinhua Light Source, which is a industrial light source, will be built in Jinghua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Its energy is 2.6 GeV and beam current is 500 mA. 4 sets of normal-conducting RF systems are likely to be chosen. A kind of 500 MHz HOM-damped normal conducting RF cavity has been designed for the Jinhua Light Source. The KEK-PF main cavity type was selected and three rectangular...
The upgrade of PETRA III to PETRA IV at DESY is currently in its design phase. To achieve the desired beam parameters a 3rd harmonic cavity is necessary for the accelerating system. An investigation of three types of cavity structures thus is conducted to find the most cost effective and environmentally sustainable option.
A high focus in this investigation is placed on the damping of higher...
Higher-order mode (HOM) damping is essential for building large-scale facility linear accelerators, such as a linear collider, because of the need to reduce the wakefield strength inside the accelerating structure. We designed a C-band accelerator cavity with distributed coupling and thin HOM-damping waveguides oriented in the radial direction. It was proposed that nickel-chrome (NiCr) coating...
As compared to conventional travelling-wave (TW) structures, parallel-coupled accelerating structures eliminate the requirement for the coupling between cells, providing greater flexibility in optimizing the shape of cells. Each cell is independently fed by a periodic feeding network for this structure. In this case, it has a significantly short filling time which allows for ultrashort pulse...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) will deliver a new storage ring based on a Multi-Bend Achromat (MBA) lattice featuring swap-out on-axis injection, enabling the use of small diameter insertion device vacuum chambers. To leverage this advantage, we designed an X-undulator similar to the APPLE-X undulator but with a fixed gap and additional simpler magnet arrays for force compensation....
The EIC will collide high energy and highly polarized hadron and electron beams with luminosities up to 1e+34 /cm^2/s. Bremsstrahlung photons from the Bethe-Heitler process at the interaction point (IP) need to be counted to determine the delivered luminosities. The pair spectrometer luminosity detector utilizes photon conversions (e+ and e- pairs) in the far-backward region. A sweeper dipole...
To reduce the electric power consumption and advance the magnetic stability, a prototype of BTS dipole magnet in TPS transfer line between booster and storage ring came into sight. An 1 m long, high current dipole will be replaced by a permanent magnet with Sm2Co17. The new permanent dipole magnet will decrease total volume compared with original electric one, and the homogeneity of integral...
In the paper, we simulate and calculate a side-coupled proton accelerating structure with high shunt impedance and Q factor by optimizing the key parameters of the nose cone. The accelerating structure consists of accelerating cell and coupling cell and operates on bi-period mode.
A dual energy electron storage ring cooler was proposed to maintain a good hadron beam quality against intra-beam scattering and all heating sources in a collider. This configuration has two energy loops. Electron beam in the low energy loop extracts heat away from the hadron beam through Coulomb interaction, while electron beam in the high energy loop loses heat through its intrinsic...
A quadruple wiggler consisting of a row of alternating polarity quadrupoles is used in a collinear wakefield accelerator under development at Argonne National Laboratory. We designed such a wiggler and fabricated a prototype consisting of four quadrupoles. The permanent magnet-excited quadrupole has a bore diameter of 3 mm, a length of 25 mm, and a peak magnetic field gradient of 0.94 T/mm....
In the framework of the MYRRHA programme, a large-scale Accelerator Driven System (ADS) being implemented by SCK CEN in Belgium, a fast pulsed magnet system is being designed and specified at CERN. A complete design study has been performed to develop the specifications and drawings for a kicker magnet, as well as the associated pulse generator to deflect the 100 MeV proton beam. This paper...
Ultrafast Microscopy using MeV beam has made significant progress in the past 5 years. However, in order to push to atomic level resolution, other than the requirements of beam source, there are also high demands in high strength focusing elements. In comparison of commercial 100s KeV level electron microscopes, an MeV imaging beamline requires Tesla level lenses, preferably round solenoid...
For several years, significant effort has been spent at GSI to improve the time structure of the spill during slow extraction in SIS18. This led to the requirement to extend the possibilities to experimentally improve the micro-spill structure by partially or fully capturing the beam with an RF of more than 40 MHz. Therefore, a so-called spill-structure manipulation cavity was designed,...
The electron cooler of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN was initially developed for the Initial Cooling Experiment in 1979. It was subsequently adapted for use at LEAR and is currently employed in the AD. However, certain components of the cooler are now more than 40 years old and lack spare parts. To ensure the reliable operation of the AD, a new electron cooler is under...
The ALBA synchrotron light source is in the process of a significant upgrade, aiming to become a fourth-generation facility by reducing its emittance by at least 20 times. The initial phase of this project involves a comprehensive prototyping program designed to validate various critical technologies, such as magnets, vacuum systems, girders, etc., essential for facilitating the impending...
The power coupler is one of the most important components for superconducting cavities. Different from the normal conducting cavity, the superconducting cavity has to keep an ultra-high cleanliness environment for operation. As the vacuum barrier, power couplers are welded by many different materials and maybe the gas source since they are installed to the cavities after vertical test,...
X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) are transformative across multiple disciplines, offering high power and tunable wavelengths. Facilities like FLASH, LCLS, and SwissFEL, including China’s SXFEL and SHINE, provide ultra-bright femtosecond X-ray pulses. Their operation hinges on the precise synchronization of RF and laser sources, typically using femtosecond lasers as the master clock...
The THz spectrum reveals distinctive vibrational and rotational modes, and when charged particle beams produce THz radiation, it becomes a promising source for generating narrowband, high-energy radiation. Particularly in dielectric wakefield accelerators, where a dielectric-lined channel is traversed by a relativistic electron beam, coherent Cerenkov radiation (CCR) is generated. The...
The 3.0 GeV ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, in operation with users since 2012, is looking forward an upgrade aimed at enhancing the brightness and coherence fraction of the delivered X-ray beam. The Storage Ring (SR) will be completely renewed but we plan on keeping the same orbit length and the position of the ID source points. The energy of the electrons will be preserved and the same...
Future colliders will require injector linacs to accelerate large electron bunches over a wide range of energies. For example the Electron Ion Collider requires a pre-injector linac from 4 MeV up to 400 MeV over 35 m*. Currently this linac is being designed with 3 m long traveling wave structures, which provide a gradient of 16 MV/m. We propose the use of a 1 m distributed coupling design as a...
IFMIF-DONES is an ESFRI facility based on a 5 MW deuteron accelerator currently under construction in Granada (Spain) as part of the European roadmap to fusion electricity. Its main goal is to characterize and qualify materials under a neutron field with an induced damage like the one faced in a fusion reactor, developing a material database for the future fusion nuclear reactors. Moreover, a...
The Ring Electron Cooler (REC) is currently under design for use in the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) for hadron cooling. In this device the hadrons are cooled by the electrons and the electrons are cooled through radiation damping, which is enhanced by a number of 4 meter-long wigglers with 2.4 T field. When optimizing the beam envelope, intra beam scattering and Touschek scattering are also...
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will be used to accelerate polarized electrons from 400 MeV to a top energy of 5, 10, or 18 GeV before injecting into the Electron Storage Ring. At 1 GeV, the RCS will perform a merge of two bunches into one, adding longitudinal dynamics that effects the dynamic aperture, depending on the merge parameters. In this paper,...
The computation of residual gas density profiles in particle accelerators is an essential task to optimize beam pipes and vacuum system design. In a hadron collider such as the LHC, the beam induces dynamic effects due to ion, electron and photon-stimulated gas desorption. The well-known VASCO was already used to estimate pressure profiles in steady state conditions. Nevertheless, some...
Echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) has been proposed as a seeding method for free-electron lasers but can also be employed to generate ultrashort radiation pulses at electron storage rings. With a twofold laser-electron interaction in two undulators, each followed by a magnetic chicane, an electron density pattern with a high harmonic content is produced, which gives rise to coherent...
In 2023, an RF technique known as empty-bucket channelling was implemented operationally at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) to improve the quality of the spill provided to the North Area experiments. Empty-bucket channelling suppresses particle-flux variations during resonant slow extraction by accelerating particles between empty RF buckets and rapidly displacing particles into the...
Next-generation accelerator concepts, which hinge on the precise shaping of beam distributions, demand precise diagnostic methods capable of reconstructing beam distributions with 6-D phase spaces. However, the characterization of 6-D beam distributions using conventional techniques necessitates hundreds of measurements, using hours of valuable beam time. Novel diagnostic techniques are needed...
Quadrupole magnets are used extensively in particle accelerators, synchrotrons, and storage rings around the world. High field quality specifications are required for the quadrupole magnets at these facilities. Precise positioning of pole tips is needed to obtain high-quality fields in a quadrupole magnet. Typically, solid quadrupole magnet cores are machined with very high precision to obtain...
The understanding of the dynamic pressure during accelerator operation is fundamental to provide solutions to mitigate pressure rises induced by multiple-effects occurring in the vacuum chambers and leading to beam instabilities. These effects induced by pressure increase have to be well understood to reach high performances for future machines as HL-LHC or FCC-ee. To get a better...
The ESRF-EBS storage ring is operated with constant vertical emittance at 10 pm. The emittance blow-up is obtained with a magnetic shaker exciting the beam with a noise in a range of frequencies including the betatron tunes. The amplitude of the shaker is tuned by a feedback depending on the measured emittance. The coherent oscillations given to the beam by the shaker at each turn become...
CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) is featured with 100 C-shaped combined-function Main Units (MUs) magnets with a complicated pole shape. The operation and the modelling of the PS-MUs has been historically carried out with empirical beam-based studies. However, it would be interesting to understand whether, starting from a proper magnetic model and using the predicted harmonics as input to optics...
The Future Circular Collider (FCC) study foresees the construction of a 90.7 km underground ring where, as a first stage, a high-luminosity electron-positron collider (FCC-ee) is envisaged, operating at beam energies from 45.6 GeV (Z pole) to 182.5 GeV (ttbar). In the FCC-ee experimental interaction regions, various physical processes give rise to particle showers that can be detrimental to...
The successful injection of proton beams into the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) depends on an efficient scraping mechanism in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The beams accelerated in the SPS contain a significant non-Gaussian tail population. If not removed, this transverse tail population can cause high losses in the transfer lines and in the LHC injection elements. Subsequently, the Beam...
In the framework of consolidation of the North Experimental Area at CERN, the 4-block secondary beamline collimators have been assessed with engineering studies and optimized for present beamline operation and future performance with higher beam intensities. Insights gained from experience and through an analysis of fault registration during operation, lead to improvements in the collimator...
Compact cyclotrons, with their ability to deliver high-intensity beams, hold immense potential for advancements in radioisotope production, cancer therapy, and materials research. However, achieving this potential has been limited by inherent challenges and technological constraints. This work presents a comprehensive approach to boosting beam current in compact cyclotrons, paving the way for...
This paper proposes a concept for a e+ source based on high energy e- beams incident on conical converter targets, in pursuit of its implementation in future lepton colliders such as FCC-ee. We developed 2 conical target solutions optimized for a state-of-the-art capture system based on an high temperature superconducting solenoid, allowing for a full immersion of the target in a 12.7 T peak...
In this groundbreaking study, an advanced particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code,QuickPIC, is used to explore beam physics within Plasma Wakefield Accelerators (PWFA). The primary aim is to comprehensively analyze beam distributions, particularly those exhibiting perturbations with significant instabilities. To connect simulated beam distributions to physical observables, the study uses...
SSRF-U, a 3.0 GeV diffraction limited storage ring lattice with emittance of 53.2 pm∙rad, is an alternative to SSRF for future upgrades. A large number of high-field intensity and multi-function magnets are used in this compact lattice, which greatly increases the error sensitivity to the beam. To quickly complete beam commissioning and achieve stable operation in the future, error analysis...
The strong hadron cooling system (SHC) for the electron-ion collider (EIC) consists of the modulator, the microbunching amplifier and the kicker section. In the modulator and the kicker section, the electrons are co-moving with the protons. If the relative velocity of an electron with respect to a proton is small enough, it can be captured by the proton and the resulting neutral particle, i.e....
In this work we explore the estimation and control of a particle accelerator simulation of the 800 MeV linac at Los Alamos National Lab. We use a convolution neural network model with a low dimensional latent space to predict the phase space projections of the beam and beam loss, which are mapped from accelerator settings. In deploying the model, we assume phase space predictions cannot be...
Within the field of Particle Accelerators engineering, the design of cooling channels for its components has heavily relied on experimental correlations to compute convective heat transfer coefficients. These coefficients are believed to have a conservative factor which end up in oversized designs. The following study assesses this conservative factor for fully developed flows, in the laminar,...
Field emission (FE) and vacuum arcs limit the maximum achievable accelerating field of both normal and superconducting cavities. The performance of accelerating cavities can be improved after a long conditioning process. Understanding this process and the formation of vacuum arcs is important for all technologies where vacuum arcs cause device failure. The understanding could be more complete...
Particle accelerators use high field quality magnets to steer and focus beams. Normal conducting magnets commonly use soft iron for the yoke, which is subject to hysteresis effects. It is common practice to use an initialization procedure to accomplish a defined state of the magnet for which its hysteresis behavior must be known. In this article, a variation of the scalar Jiles-Atherton model...
In the final cooling stages for a muon collider, the transverse emittances are reduced while the longitudinal emittance is allowed to increase. In previous studies, Final 4-D cooling used absorbers within very high field solenoids to cool low-momentum muons. Simulations of the systems did not reach the desired cooling design goals. In this study, we develop and optimize a different conceptual...
2023 was the last year of operation for the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) in Jülich, Germany. To prepare for the extraction of polarized protons at a momentum of 1950 MeV/c to an external target, full advantage of the most recent developments of the COSY control system was taken along with the established hardware of COSY.
Challenges in beam development included the operation close to transition...
Fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources, which are currently being planned in several accelerator laboratories, require fast orbit feedback systems to correct distortions in the particle orbit in order to meet stringent stability requirements. Such feedback systems feature corrector magnets powered at frequencies up to the kilohertz range, giving rise to strong eddy currents. To...
APS Upgrade is a 6 GeV fourth-generation light source that has been recently assembled at Argonne National Laboratory. APS-U storage ring utilizes hybrid seven-bend achromat with reverse bends and promises a design natural emittance of 42 pm·rad. Due to very strong focusing and highly nonlinear lattice, the first-turn trajectory correction and establishing first stored beam rely heavily on...
The FNAL Booster is a fast cycling 15 Hz resonant circuit synchrotron accelerating proton beam from 400 MeV to 8 GeV. The linac pulse injected into the Booster is ~32 μsec long and fills the ring by multi-turn charge-exchange injection. As part of the PIP-II project, the Booster injection energy and repetition rate will be increased to 800 MeV and 20 Hz respectively. Due to much reduced...
A Force-Neutral Adjustable Phase Undulator (FNAPU) has been constructed at the Advanced Photon Source. The FNAPU is a 2.4-meter-long planar hybrid permanent magnet undulator with a 27-mm period length and a fixed gap of 8.5 mm. It consists of two magnetic assemblies with matching periods: one featuring an undulator magnetic structure and the other a simpler magnet structure to compensate the...
“Three-dimensional spiral beam injection scheme” [1] is a key to realize J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment exploring the beyond standard model of elementary physics. Muon is stored in a compact orbit of 0.33 m radius in the super conducting solenoid storage magnet. Appropriate X-Y coupled beam phase space, which strongly coupled radial and solenoid axes, is crucial to inject the beam passing...
To provide confidence in the future commissioning of the Diamond-II storage ring, realistic specifications for the error tolerances have been established. Based on these values, commissioning simulations have been conducted starting from on-axis injection through to stored beam and finally the alleviation of beta-beating caused by insertion devices. The goal of these studies is to develop a...
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) project is now operating stable at the CSNS campus and the upgrade work (CSNS-Ⅱ) has already started in 2023, meanwhile, the preliminary research work on the south advance photon source (SAPS) project is in progress. More than six types of accelerator cavities: radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), drift tube linac (DTL), double spoke superconducting...
As part of the Diamond-II upgrade project*, the Diamond storage ring will be replaced with a new modified hybrid 6 bend achromat (M-H6BA) lattice, in which each existing arc sections will be split in two to provide additional mid-straights and thereby increase the ring capacity. The majority of insertion devices currently in operation will be either retained or upgraded, and the new...
I plan to discuss potential offered by Energy-Recovery Linacs (ERLs) and particle recycling for boosting luminosity in high-energy electron-positions and lepton-hadron colliders. ERL-based colliders have promise not only of significantly higher luminosity, but also of higher energy efficiency measured in units of luminosity divided by the consumed AC power. Addition of recycling collided...
Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is designing a Proton Storage Ring (PSR) refurbishment as part of the proposed LAMP project. An important component of this is the ring RF bunching system at h=1 for one circulating bunch. It has operated with high availability since an upgrade was installed in 1999 to raise the gap voltage*. A second RF system at h=2 is planned to improve the...
We will present the plans and ideas for the next upgrades as discussed for the GANIL-SPIRAL2 installation in France. Recently, a report "French roadmap for Nuclear, Particle, and Astroparticle physics, along with associated technical developments and applications." were produced. It particularly focused to “The future of GANIL”. This was further enriched through extensive discussions by an...
We present a unifying approach to generative deep learning-based 6D phase space diagnostics which combines neural networks, physics models, and adaptive feedback. Our approach includes a physics-constrained neural network (PCNN) for calculating the electromagnetic fields of intense relativistic charged particle beams via 3D convolutional neural networks. Unlike the popular physics-informed...
We present new capabilities in the Neptune electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EM-PIC) simulation code and design environment created to support geometry-based design of high power RF sources. Neptune’s time-domain EM-PIC model to simulate high-voltage, high-current electron beam/RF interactions is a key component of the first-principles design codes created by NRL and Leidos, which provide a...
High Q cavities are an essential component for RF pulse compression. We are interested in developing compact superconducting cavities that operate at high temperature (liquid nitrogen, 80 K). We are designing an RF cavity at 11.424 GHz operating in the TM011 mode using eight facets with flat inner faces. These flat faces will be covered with High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) tapes. The...
We are going to present recent high vacuum pressure measurements recorded at new Prototype Accelerator Module (PAM) of the Advance Sources and Detectors (ASD) – Scorpius project [1]. To avoid the ion-hose instability [2] in our linear inductive accelerator with 2 kA, 20 MeV electron multi-pulse beams during radiographic scans, an advance high vacuum system and accelerator components were being...
Electron cooling of ion beams employing RF-accelerated electron bunches was successfully used for the RHIC physics program in 2020 and 2021. Electron cooler LEReC uses a high-voltage photoemission electron gun with stringent requirements for beam current, beam quality, and stability. The electron gun has a photocathode with a high-power fiber laser, and a novel cathode production, transport,...
A novel deuteron accelerator concept, the deuteron cyclotron auto-resonance accelerator (dCARA) is presented here, with (a) an analytical theory to characterize a simplified model for dCARA, (b) simulated tracks of deuteron orbits in a more realistic model for dCARA, and (c) CST-Studio particle-in-cell simulations for high-current deuteron beams in a realistic dCARA. These predict that dCARA...
Next-generation of synchrotron and FEL X-ray sources will increase the peak power by several orders of magnitude. In these conditions, X-ray intensity will become too severe for the existing materials. Large, single-crystal diamond is one of the few materials suitable for X-ray optical applications due to its unique combination of physical properties. We developed the modified High-Pressure...
The present storage ring of the Siam Photon Source is equipped with the new 118 MHz capacitive type RF cavity, adapted from MAX-IV laboratory. This cavity has been installed in the ring since 2016. The cavity is operated with the digital low level RF controller and the solid-state RF amplifier. The system is running fine with less downtime and maintenance. After the full four insertion devices...
The High-Luminosity LHC project aims to enhance the integrated luminosity of the LHC machine by a factor of 10, by upgrading various components located in the LHC tunnel just before the collision points, with cutting-edge technologies. Among these innovations are the new superconducting magnets equipped with a combination of $Nb-Ti$ and $Nb_3Sn$. conductors. Over 100 magnets are being...
In view of High Luminosity (HL) - Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project, an upgraded collimation system has been developed to accommodate a rise of ten times of the integrated luminosity compared to the LHC. A new series of collimators will be produced and installed in the machine during the Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) to take place during 2026-2028. The updated design incorporates cutting-edge...
The beam produced in the target of the ILC positron source is highly divergent and therefore requires immediate optical matching, conventionally performed by some kind of solenoid arrangement. Recently, the use of a plasma lens has been considered as an alternative with hopes to increase number of positrons available for the downstream acceleration. Previous simulations have indicated that a...
In this work, we will present some recent analysis of the reliability statistics of the CEBAF SRF linac systems. Based on the data collected by the existing Down Time Manager (DTM), the year-to-year downtime evolution trend of linac zones over the six-year period from FY18 to FY23 is established. An in-depth downtime analysis at a resolution beyond the linac zone level was carried out, by...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) hadron storage ring (HSR) requires a beam screen made of 75 μm copper layer on top of a 1 mm thick 316LN stainless steel sheet. The eddy currents produced by the dynamic fields at the beam screens of the transition jump quadrupoles will increase the field response delay. The field response curve depends on the thickness and Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) value...
The Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) is a 4th generation diffraction-limited soft x-ray radiation source. Coupling-impedance-driven instabilities have been carefully evaluated to ensure meeting the machine’s high-performance goals during the design stage. At present, the focus of impedance modeling efforts primarily revolves around supporting beam tests of key components at ALS beamlines...
With Insertion devices adapted to Center of Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD) light source. Injection has more difficulties at low energy. We have proposed some upgrade to the facility, but we would like to look for other choices. In the paper, we will mention the CAMD operation status, discuss raising electron energy method for injection, and simulate the transfer line. The...
This paper will describe efforts to simulate and test materials for the LANSCE PSR stripper foils. Stripper foils convert H- beams to H+ as part of the charge-exchange injection process in the LANSCE PSR that produces high intensity proton beams. The foil properties directly affect the total current and activation in the ring, and their overall robustness also determines the types of...
The impact of high-flux protons on the inherent beam loss in the slow extraction from SPS towards the North Area has been recently discussed and potential improvements have been proposed. These solutions are mainly aiming to reduce the high component activation and related reduction of lifetime, as well as observed non straightness in the anode body. Recent studies have allowed to demonstrate...
The non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings provide conductance-free evenly distributed pumping, low thermal outgassing rates, second electron yield, and photon-and electron-stimulated desorption. NEG coatings are crucial for achieving ultrahigh vacuum in fourth-generation diffraction storage ring vacuum systems. TiZrV thin films were deposited onto elongated CuCrZr pipes for this investigation....
The intensity of the HL-LHC beam will be twice that of LHC. Hence, an upgrade of the LHC injection kickers (MKIs) is necessary for HL-LHC to avoid excessive beam induced heating of the MKIs. In addition, any newly installed MKI magnet would limit HL-LHC operation for a few hundred hours due to dynamic vacuum activity. Extensive studies have been carried out to identify solutions to address...
Recent progress of basic study on Harmonic nonlinear Compton scattering in Brookhaven National Laboratory Accelerator Test Facility (BNL ATF) will be reported. Experiment is conducted by counter collision of a multi TW CO2 laser and 60-70 MeV electron beam having 300-600 pC of charge per pulse. Experiment AE131 is intended for two aspects of experimental demonstrations. A: Nonlinear bi...
A 4th generation storage ring based light source is being developed in Korea since 2021. It features <100 pm rad emittance, about 800 m circumference, 4 GeV e-beam energy, full energy booster injection, and more than 40 beamlines which includes more than 24 insertion device (ID) beamlines. For extraction/injection to the booster and storage ring, it needs 4 septums, and 6 kickers....
This research presents a framework for the application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to optimize the injection process at particle accelerator facilities. By utilizing a tailored and enhanced RL agent, we demonstrate its capability to dynamically optimize the beam's cross-section to meet predefined targets effectively at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY facility in Jülich, Germany. The agent,...
The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) at the China Spallation Neutron Source phase II (CSNS-II) is a high intensity proton accelerator, which accumulates a 300 MeV proton beam and accelerates it to 1.6 GeV with a repetition rate of 25 Hz. The CSNS-II is designed to have a beam power of 500 kW. A circulated beam intensity current in the RCS is 15 A, making it the highest of its kind in the world....
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) in Taiwan. Several in-vacuum undulators are expected to be installed before the end of 2024. Before installation in the storage ring, an in-vacuum undulator's magnetic field has been measured at operational gaps. In order to assess the performance of the in-vacuum...
The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) was upgraded within the LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project and delivers a large variety of high-intensity beams for fixed target experiments and high-brightness beams for collisions at the LHC. In the context of the Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study and of a possible upgrade of the ISOLDE experimental area, intensities up to 1500×1e+10 particles...
Fixed target beams are extracted in five turns from the Proton Synchrotron (PS) at CERN to fill almost half the circumference of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) with each transfer. To avoid beam loss during the risetime of the extraction kickers a longitudinal gap is generated with an RF barrier-bucket scheme. However, the synchronization of the gap with the PS extraction and SPS injection...
In this study, we present the design of a candidate lattice for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Upgrade (SSRF-U) storage ring, targeting the soft X-ray diffraction limit. Due to its ultra-low emittance, intra-beam and Touschek scattering are significant and require attention. We conducted simulations to examine the emittance growth and beam lifetime of different machine...
In the framework of the SABINA project (Source of Advanced Beam Imaging for Novel Applications), a new Free Electron Laser line will be realized at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF). It will be based in the SPARC_LAB laboratory with the purpose to supply radiation in the Thz/MIR range to external user. The line layout foresees two correctors between the three APPLE-X undulators...
The Taiwan photon source (TPS), a synchrotron accelerator at the National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center in Taiwan, is a third-generation accelerator operating at 3 GeV that was designed to create a high energy photon source. The TPS front-end (FE) systems are located between the storage ring and beamline, which was designed to protect the safety of users as well as control experimental...
The Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) is a synchrotron light source user and test facility, operating at an electron beam energy ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 GeV. Performing optics measurements and comparing with the machine model promises an improved understanding of the lattice and the underlying beam dynamics. Horizontal and vertical turn-by-turn Beam Position Monitor data are acquired and...
Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) relies on 44 klystron modulator systems to feed the accelerating cavities and produce proton beam of 800 MeV. This paper focuses on the new VA-862A1 86kV 1.25 MW klystron units and aims to compare their performance with previously purchased units. Service hours for each klystron unit was used as the primary metric in the analysis and records from...
The LHC Abort Gap Monitor (AGM) is part of the LHC machine protection system (MPS) and is designed to measure the particle population in a 3us wide region known as the "abort gap." This region needs to be kept empty to ensure safe beam dumps. The AGM captures the synchrotron light generated in the visible part of the spectra and converts it into an electric signal. This signal is then...
Laser plasma acceleration (LPA) technology is advancing day by day, getting ready for user facility applications. LPA might be applicable to a generation of electron beams directly within the light-source storage-ring vacuum chamber. Typical injector of the light source facility consists of linac and synchrotron booster (or simply a full energy linac). It can be replaced by a laser plasma cell...
Here, we introduce Linac_Gen, a tool developed at Fermilab, which combines machine learning algorithms with Particle-in-Cell methods to advance beam dynamics in linacs. Linac_Gen employs techniques such as Random Forest, Genetic Algorithms, Support Vector Machines, and Neural Networks, achieving a tenfold increase in speed for phase-space matching in Linacs over traditional methods, through...
Seeking non-invasive beam profile monitoring for the Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF), we propose a novel approach based on the utilization of Smith-Purcell, transition, and diffraction radiation. The ILSF is a synchrotron radiation facility with a storage ring capable of providing electron bunches up to 3 GeV. The Smith-Purcell radiation is generated when a charged particle passes over a...
MedAustron is an ion therapy facility located in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, which uses third order resonant slow extraction to deliver protons and carbon ions for clinical irradiation. The foreseen upgrade of the new low level RF (LLRF) system facilitates advanced longitudinal beam manipulation schemes involving multiple RF harmonics, which will be exploited to improve the slow extraction...
We present an approach for detection of anomalies in the temperatures of magnet power supplies (PSs) in storage rings. We train a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network to predict the temperatures of several components of a PS (heatsinks, capacitors, resistors) based on the PS current, PS voltage, and room temperature. An anomaly is detected when the observed PS temperature starts to...
Efficient control of frequency detuning for the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is still challenging. The transport delay and the complicated heat transfer process in the cooling water control system convolute the control problem. In this work, a long-short term memory (LSTM)-based Koopman model is proposed to deal with this time-delayed control...
An MeV ultrafast electron diffraction (MUED) in-strument system is a unique characterization technique used to study ultrafast processes in a variety of mate-rials by a pump-probe method. Combining this tech-nology with rapid data science and artificial intelli-gence/machine learning (AI/ML) technologies in con-junction with high-performance computing can create a turnkey, automated...
At a heavy ion linac facility, such as ATLAS at Argonne National Laboratory, a new ion beam is tuned once or twice a week. The use of machine learning can be leveraged to streamline the tuning process, reducing the time needed to tune a given beam and allowing more beam time for the experimental program. After establishing automatic data collection and two-way communication with the control...
Accurate knowledge of beam parameters is essential for optimizing the performance of particle accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). An initial machine-learning (ML) model for the reconstruction of the longitudinal distribution has been extended to extract the main parameters of multiple bunches at LHC injection. The extended model utilizes an encoder-decoder architecture to...
Prior to assembly into the operational cryostat each superconducting undulator (SCU) at the Advanced Photon Source undergoes testing in a LHe bath cryostat where coil training and magnetic measurements are performed. If necessary, the baseline magnetic measurements are used for phase error tuning which is achieved by adjusting the magnetic gap of the SCU at prescribed locations. An...
We developed a magnetic compression method for relativistic electron beam macro-pulses. Our device, with a significantly larger transfer function R56 compared to the classical chicane structure, enables nanosecond-scale compression of relativistic electron pulses using a compact apparatus measuring just a few meters. This paper introduces the principles of this compression method and presents...
The ESRF-EBS injection is performed with a standard off-axis injection scheme consisting of two in-air septa S1/2, one in vacuum septum S3 and four kicker magnets K1 to K4 to generate the injection bump. We can achieve 80% efficiency with this scheme. Despite many modifications and adjustments which allow the reduction of the perturbation, some beamlines are still affected. The Non-Linear...
Compact synchrotrons, such as those proposed for cancer therapy, use short and highly bent dipoles. Large curvature drives non-linear effects in both body and fringe fields, which may be critical to control to obtain the desired dynamic aperture. Similarly to current practice, for straight magnet, our long-term goal is to aim at finding a parametrization of the field map that requires few...
An Argonne-SLAC collaboration is working on the design of a superconducting undulator (SCU) demonstrator for a free-electron laser (FEL)*. A SCU magnetic structure consisting of a 1.5-m-long planar SCU magnet, and a superconducting phase shifter have been designed. A novel three-groove correction scheme has been implemented for the SCU magnet. A compact four-pole phase shifter with magnetic...
Transparent off-axis injection in a storage ring by means of a non-linear kicker requires tight field tolerances at the limit of modern technique. To characterize the field profile of the non-linear kicker under development for the ALBA-II storage ring, a dedicated measurement bench based on a variant of the vibrating wire technique was developed. The small size and limited weight of the...
Beam profile measurements in the LHC and its injector complex show heavy tails in both transverse planes. From standard profile measurements, it is not possible to determine
if the underlying phase space distribution is statistically independent. A measurement campaign in the CERN PSB was carried out to introduce cross-plane dependence in bunched beams in controlled conditions, in view of...
Hadron therapy uses scanning magnets to precisely deliver therapeutic beams, minimizing the damage to healthy tissues and reducing side effects. A collaboration between CNAO, CERN, INFN and MedAustron is developing an innovative gantry design with superconducting magnets and a downstream scanning system. The project features two compact scanning dipoles, each with a central field of 1 T –...
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility has just completed an upgrade to become one of the world’s brightest storage-ring light sources. For the first time, machine learning (ML) methods have been developed and used as part of the baseline commissioning plan. One such method is Bayesian optimization (BO) – a versatile tool for efficient high-dimensional single and multi-objective tuning, as...
Klystrons and Multiple-Beam Klystrons (MBKs) are widely used or proposed to be used in accelerators as high-power RF sources. Development and optimization of klystron and MBK’s designs is aided by the use of different simulation tools, including highly efficient large-signal codes. We present an overview of capabilities of the TESLA-family of 2.5D large-signal codes, which have been developed...
Industrial accelerator applications require efficient, scalable, continuous wave (CW) microwave power systems. Magnetrons are inexpensive and efficient devices for converting electrical energy into microwave power; however, their power output is limited to approximately 100 kW. Cost effective power combining magnetron systems would serve the accelerator industry by providing practical and...
National Synchrotron Radiation Center SOLARIS operates a third-generation synchrotron light source located in Krakow, Poland. It is the only operator of synchrotron light source in Poland. SOLARIS accelerator complex consists of a linear accelerator, 1.5 GeV storage ring with 96 m circumference, six operating beamlines and three more under construction. The storage ring accelerates the...
Modification of an arc-cell vacuum system (length 14 m) for the cell SR18 in the TPS storage ring is described, which includes (a) replacement of a new bending chamber (B1) with an increased vertical aperture from 9 to 18 mm to prevent the B1 chamber from being exposed to synchronous radiation from the upstream elliptically polarized undulator (EPU), and (b) incensement of three pairs of...
In the storage rings, the electron beams go to the equilibrium state. One of the equilibrium parameters is the natural emittance which is determined by the radiation damping and quantum excitation effects. In other words, the equilibrium emittance is determined by the magnet lattice regardless of the initial beam. Theoretically the minimum emittance and its optimal conditions for uniform...
The Cool Copper Collider (C3) is a novel accelerator concept for a linear collider utilizing a cryogenically-cooled copper linear accelerator (linac) with a distributed coupling architecture. The C3 main linac is designed to accelerate electron/positron from 10 GeV to 125 GeV while preserving the beam emittance. Here we present the analysis of the multi-bunch beam dynamics for the C3 main...
RadiaBeam is developing and manufacturing a 15-mm period, 1.15 T high temperature superconductor undulator using Magnesium Diboride (MgB2) wire to operate in a temperature range of 10 K - 15 K. This temperature range can be achieved by a cryocooler, a simpler and less expensive cryogenic solution compared to a liquid helium approach. As the supported current density, and ultimately the quench...
Increase of primary beam power for neutrino beam-lines leads to a reduced lifespan for production targets. New concepts for robust targets are emerging from the field of High Power Targetry (HPT); one idea being investigated by the HPT R&D Group at Fermilab is an electrospun nanofiber target. As part of their evaluation, samples with different densities were sent to the HiRadMat facility at...
The accelerator network of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) was initially designed and installed in 2015. It consists of three types of networks: a Public Network for external internet access, an Operation Network for accelerator operation and overall control, and a Control Network for device control and monitoring.
From a hardware perspective, it comprises 2 firewalls, 1 intrusion...
The Innovation Fostering in Accelerator Science and Technology (I.FAST) project aims to enhance innovation in the particle accelerator community, mapping out and facilitating the development of breakthrough technologies common to multiple accelerator platforms. Task 7.2 of the I.FAST project, Enabling Technologies for Ultra Low Emittance Rings, focuses on networking in the area of low...
Numerical optimizations on couplers of the traveling wave accelerating structures usually require lots of calculation resources. This paper proposes a new technique for matching couplers to an accelerating structure in a more efficient way. It combines conventional Kroll method with improved Kyhl method, thereby simplifying the tuning and simulation process. We will present the detailed design...
New Hybrid Permanent Magnet Undulators (HPMUs) have been designed and manufactured using servo motors for precise and reliable gap motion control for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project. Meanwhile, existing HPMUs equipped with legacy stepper motors are systematically replaced with servo motors. In parallel with mechanical modifications of the undulators, a comprehensive upgrade...
The alignment installation work of Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is usually carried out in tunnels. Calculate the key component points to the global coor-dinate system through coordinate conversion, and accu-rately adjust them to the corresponding coordinate values for alignment and installation. However, long and narrow tunnels can easily cause dense common points, resulting in a loss...
To meet phase stability requirements, a high peak power coaxial magnetron-based RF system with >70% efficiency would normally be injection locked to an RF source by using a circulator to send the locking signal into the magnetron through the antenna. This added requirement of a high-power circulator pushes the inherently low coaxial magnetron’s cost-per-watt to a high overall RF Power Source...
The Shanghai Light Source has been operated since 2009 to provide synchrotron radiation to 40 beamlines of the electron storage ring at a fixed electron energy of 3.5 GeV. The Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) is approved to produce energy-tunable gamma rays in the inverse Compton slant-scattering of 100 W CO2 laser on the 3.5 GeV electrons as well as in the back-scattering. SLEGS...
NanoSonic has demonstrated advanced high radiation durable composite and polymeric materials for applications in radio frequency devices, cryomodule gate valves, and seals for beam dumps. Through additive and scalable manufacturing techniques, the novel radiation tolerant polymers for use within accelerator components and subsystems have shown potential to replace current state of the art...
The design performance of the 3.5 GeV Diamond-II low-emittance electron storage ring has been studied as a function of the linear and nonlinear lattice tuning parameters. An alternative working point has been identified which optimizes the beam lifetime and the injection efficiency for off-axis injection. The simulations include misalignment and field strength errors, with the number of...
This paper discusses the mechanism of emittance growth and beam loss arising from magnetic field ripples in J-PARC MR, based on numerical simulations supported by beam experiments.
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility - Extremely Brilliant Source (ESRF-EBS) is a facility upgrade allowing its scientific users to take advantage of the first high-energy 4th generation storage ring light source. In December 2018, after 30 years of operation, the beam stopped for a 12-month shutdown to dismantle the old storage ring and to install the new X-ray source. On 25th August...
The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has developed a 300 kW solid-state amplifier. This 300 kW solid-state amplifier RF transmitter has been operating continuously since August 2023, consistently delivering an output of 250 kW RF power during user beam time at 500 mA. This report describes the performance of the solid-state amplifier RF transmitter during this period,...
The synchrotron SOLEIL is the French third-generation 2.75 GeV synchrotron light source, a research laboratory at the forefront of experimental techniques for the analysis of matter down to the atomic level, and a service platform open to all scientific and industrial communities. We present the performance of the accelerators, which deliver extremely stable photon beams to 29 beamlines. We...
A novel mechanism, known as steady-state microbunching (SSMB), is anticipated to produce light with high peak brilliance and a high repetition rate by integrating the characteristics of free electron lasers and synchrotron radiation facilities. This paper presents the status of a high-finesse prototype optical enhancement cavity designed for SSMB, achieving an average power of 55 kW. The...
The High Intensity ECN3 (HI-ECN3) study project aims to increase the intensity of the proton beam delivered to a new experimental facility housed in the ECN3 underground cavern in CERN’s North Area up to the ~4e+13 ppp (protons per pulse) and up to ~4e+19 POT (protons on target) per year. The increase necessitates upgrades of the primary beam transfer lines coming from SPS directly to the new...
It is currently planned to increase the energy of the CEBAF recirculating linear accelerator to 20 GeV or more by adding two new recirculating arcs that contain multiple new energy passes. The beam is continuous (CW), so no field ramping is desired, making this a fixed-field accelerator (FFA). The wide energy range requires a low dispersion lattice that can be created with high-gradient...
The LBNF Absorber consists of thirteen 6061-T6 aluminum core blocks. The core blocks are water cooled with de-ionized (DI) water which becomes radioactive during beam operations. The cooling water flows through gun-drilled channels in the core blocks. A weld quality optimization was performed to produce National Aeronautical Standard (NAS) 1514 Class I [1] quality welds on the aluminum core...
The RHIC heavy ion program relies on a series of RF bunch merge gymnastics to combine individual source pulses into bunches of suitable intensity. Intensity and emittance preservation during these gymnastics require careful setup of the voltages and phases of RF cavities operating at several different harmonic numbers. The optimum setting tends to drift over time, degrading performance and...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will use strong hadron cooling to maintain the beam brightness and high luminosity during long collision experiments. An Energy Recovery Linac is used to deliver the high-current high-brightness electron beam for cooling. For the best cooling effect, the electron beam requires low emittance, small energy spread, and uniform longitudinal...
Nanostructures are currently attracting attention as a medium for obtaining ultra-high-density plasmas for beam-driven or laser-driven acceleration. This study investigates Bayesian optimization in Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) to enhance solid-state plasma parameters towards achieving extremely high gradients on the order of TV/m or beyond, specifically focusing on nanostructured...
The Future Circular electron-positron Collider, FCC-ee, is a design study for a 90 km circumference luminosity-frontier and highest-energy e+e- collider. It foresees four operation modes optimized for producing different particles by colliding high-brightness lepton beams. Operating such a machine presents unique challenges, including stored beam energies up to 17.5 MJ, a value about two...
For a large ring, the response matrix contains tens of thousands of data points, allowing for a comprehensive representation of the ring’s linear optics. However, when it comes to fourth-generation diffraction-limited rings that utilize strong sextupoles and octupoles, the response matrix derived from closed orbit tracking is significantly influenced by nonlinearity. This nonlinearity poses...
During the coherent electron cooling (CeC) experiment at RHIC, we have encountered various challenges to align the electron beam both in the low energy beam transfer line and in the cooling section. For example, the electrons exit the SRF gun with an orbital angle of tens of milli-radian, which is likely caused by the misalignment of the cavity inside the cryostat and the tilted cathode. The...
The Advanced Light Source (ALS) storage ring employs various feedback and feedforward systems to stabilize the circulating electron beam thus ensuring delivery of steady synchrotron radiation to the users. In particular, active correction is essential to compensate for the significant perturbations to the transverse beam size induced by user-controlled tuning of the insertion devices, which...
The Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) facility is dedicated to the exploration of novel concepts in accelerator and beam physics, and the development of a robust workforce, in order to enable and enhance next-generation particle accelerators. FAST comprises a high-brightness superconducting electron linac, and a storage ring, the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA)....
The parallel beam based alignment technique developped at SLAC is applied for the EBS storage ring. The results are compared with the standard beam based alignment technique used for operation.
At the Argonne (ANL) Advanced Photon Source (APS), a 425-MeV Particle Accumulator Ring (PAR) is used to stack 1-nC electron pulses from the linac and inject a single bunch into the booster at a 1-Hz repetition rate. All the APS injectors, including PAR, were shut down in April 2023 at the start of the APS Upgrade Dark Time. In this paper, we report on PAR re-start activities starting in Oct....
Interaction of intense laser pulses with plasma finds one of the important applications in acceleration of charged particles. The pioneering work of Tajima and Dawson [1] has given great impetus to the idea of electron acceleration using wakefield generated by intense laser pulses. Acceleration of electrons by enhanced wakefield generated by chirped laser pulse propagating together in plasma...
NSLS-II is a 3 GeV third generation synchrotron light source at BNL. The storage ring was commissioned in 2014 and began its routine operations in the December of the same year. Since then, we have progressed steadily upwards in beam current and reached 500 mA in five years while continue to install and commission new insertion devices. Along this path, we met various challenges. In this...
Fermilab is currently engaged in the development of an 800 MeV superconducting RF linac, aiming to replace its existing 400 MeV normal conducting linac. PIP-II is a warm front-end producing 2 mA of 2.1 MeV H-, followed by a sequence of superconducting RF cryomodules leading to 800 MeV. To mitigate potential damage to the superconducting RF cavities, PIP-II uses laser-based monitors for beam...
A double-crystal fixed-target experiment is planned for installation in CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This experiment features a 7 cm-long bent silicon crystal, with 7 mrad bend-angle to deflect particles produced by proton interactions with a target. As this crystal is more than an order of magnitude longer than any other installed in the LHC, it requires specific characterization,...
A 500 MHz normal-conducting (NC) cavity is being developed for Super Tau-Charm Main Rings which have a current of 2 A and a synchronous radiation energy loss of 410 keV per turn. This NC cavity operates in a higher order mode of TM020. Through optimizations, it results in a high quality factor and a low R/Q. This feature is beneficial to reduce the required detuning frequency so that the...
The Normal-Conducting Radio-Frequency (NCRF) systems for the Electron-Ion Collider Hadron Storage Ring (EIC HSR) consist of 4 unique cavity resonators. The HSR NCRF systems are composed of a 24.6 MHz capture and acceleration system, a combined 49.2 MHz and 98.4 MHz bunch splitting system, and a 197 MHz storage system for collider operations. This paper presents the preliminary design of the...
A new project is underway to develop the successor to the current Australian Synchrotron. The new storage ring is proposed to be 455 m in circumference operating at 3 GeV. A preliminary 7BA lattice has been designed which utilizes the higher-order achromat (HOA) scheme to suppress strong sextupole driving terms. The lattice has 24 sectors and a natural horizontal emittance of 50 pm-rad. This...
Reinforcement Learning (RL) has demonstrated its effectiveness in solving control problems in particle accelerators. A challenging application is the control of the microbunching instability (MBI) in synchrotron light sources. Here the interaction of an electron bunch with its emitted coherent synchrotron radiation leads to complex non-linear dynamics and pronounced fluctuations.
Addressing...
The Eupraxia@SPARC_LAB project involves the development of a 1 GeV normal conducting Linac with an S-band injector followed by an X-band booster. To achieve the final energy, the booster consists of 16 traveling wave accelerating structures operating at 11.994 GHz with a minimum working gradient of 60 MV/m. An intensive design activity, prototyping, and testing of these structures is underway...
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a diffraction-limited storage ring with a 2.2 GeV energy and modified 6BA lattice that is currently under construction. To meet the requirement for high-brightness hard X-rays, it is being considered that superconducting longitudinal gradient bend will replace ordinary longitudinal gradient bend in some cells in the future. Based on the measured...
Two synchrotron radiation sources, the 2.5 GeV Photon Factory Storage Ring (PF ring) and the 6.5 GeV Photon Factory Advanced Ring (PF-AR), have been in stable operation at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) for over 40 years. This paper first describes the current operational status and recent developments at PF. Next, a new concept of hybrid light source (PF-HLS)...
The Advanced Photons Source (APS) storage ring (SR) underwent an upgrade to the multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice recently. As part of the upgrade, four out of the sixteen Radio Frequency (RF) cavities were removed from the storage ring. The remaining twelve cavities were left in place during the entire upgrade process and restored to full operating power to support beam commissioning once the...
Fast single-turn injection kicker systems deflect incoming beam onto the orbit of the LHC. The higher intensities of High Luminosity (HL) LHC beams are predicted to cause the ferrite yokes of the LHC injection kicker magnets (MKI), in their current configuration, to heat up to their Curie temperature. Studies to reduce the beam induced heating have been carried out over the past years and...
In this paper we discuss the latest developments for the FCC-ee interaction region layout, which represents one of the key ingredients to establish the feasibility of the FCC-ee. The collider has to achieve extremely high luminosities over a wide range of center-of-mass energies with two or four interaction points. The complex final focus hosted in the detector region has to be carefully...
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 34-pm, 1360-m storage ring light source being built in the suburb of Beijing, China. The HEPS construction started in 2019, with the main civil construction finished at the end of 2021. In the past year, the beam commissioning of the HEPS injector (both Linac and booster) was started and had been finished, and the equipment installation was underway...
Advances in high-performance computing have enabled detailed physics simulations, including those with nonlinear collective effects such as space charge, to be deployed online in a control room setting to aid operator intuition and be used directly in automatic tuning. Simultaneously, machine learning (ML) has enabled deployment of detailed models online with sub-second execution time, opened...
The magnetron as an efficient RF source for a compact industrial SRF accelerator has been proposed [1]. The performance of injection phase lock on two independent magnetron transmitters operated at 915 MHz, in CW mode with maximum power of 75 kW each has been demonstrated to satisfy for this application [2]. This industrial type magnetron has transformer and SCR rectifier on the DC anode power...
The electron-ion collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is designed to deliver a peak luminosity of 1e+34 1/cm2 1/sec. The EIC will take advantage of the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. Two additional rings will be installed: an electron storage ring (ESR) and a rapid cycling electron synchrotron ring (RCS).
This paper presents an update on the normal...
The Proton Power Upgrade project at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will increase the proton beam power capability from 1.4 to 2.8 MW. Upon completion in early 2025, 2 MW of beam power will be available for neutron production at the existing first target station (FTS) with the remaining beam power available for the future second target station (STS). The project...
Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has led significant advancements in accelerator electronics development, leveraging Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) based Digital Signal Processing (DSP) across various critical systems, including Low Level RF (LLRF), Longitudinal Beam Loss Monitoring (LBLM), charge particle measurement via Integrating Current Transformers (ICT), Timing, Filling Pattern...
The system offers a single-card solution with optional IO extensions cards, enabling synchronization of electron gun, RF modulator, dosimetry, and other diagnostic devices. Noteworthy features include the ability to generate multiple, preconfigured pulse trains on synchronous channels, each with individual configuration settings. With real-time control of pulse width modulation or sheer number...
The Physics Beyond Colliders is a CERN exploratory study aimed to fully exploit the scientific potential of its accelerator complex. In this initiative, the Gamma Factory experiment aims to produce in the Large Hadron Collider (GF@LHC) high-intensity photon beams in the energy domain up to 400 MeV. The production scheme is based on the collisions of a laser with ultra-relativistic atomic beam...
Picosecond-long x-ray pulses of moderate intensity and high repetition rate are highly sought after by the light source community, especially for time-resolved fine spectroscope analysis of matter in the linear response regime. As part of the upgrade of the Elettra 2.0, two radio frequency deflecting cavities will be installed to produce time-dependent orbit deflection to a few dedicated...
The penetrating radiography provided by the Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test (DARHT) facility is a key capability in executing a core mission of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Historical data from the two DARHT Linear Induction Accelerators (LIAs), built as hdf5 data structures for over a decade of operations, are being used to train machine learning models to assist in...
At the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), bent crystals play a crucial role in efficiently redirecting beam halo particles toward secondary collimators used for absorption. This innovative crystal collimation method leverages millimeter-sized crystals to achieve deflection equivalent to a magnetic field of hundreds of Tesla, significantly enhancing the machine’s cleaning performance...
Generating low emittance electron bunches from the photocathodes backing free-electron lasers (FEL) is a potential source of significant improvement in achievable X-ray peak powers. Temporally shaping the photoexcitation lasers with intensity profiles that are perfectly flattop or ellipsoidal has been demonstrated to improve the emittance of the emitted electron bunch. However, experimental...
Laser wire has been used for nonintrusive profile and emittance measurements of operational hydrogen ion (H-) beam at the SNS linac. In this talk, we will describe the following recent developments in the laser wire system. 1) An upgraded light source and laser transport line which enables novel measurement capabilities including longitudinal profile measurement and high-energy proton beam...
The non-evaporable getter (NEG) film deposited on the inner wall of the vacuum chamber using magnetron sputtering has been widely used in the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source to obtain and maintenance ultra-high vacuum in narrow vacuum chambers. The IAU vacuum chamber has a small cross-sectional size and a long length . It also needs to deposit a NEG film to meet the...
Research on a novel permanent quadrpole magnet (PQM) design is introduced in this paper. It can make the quadrupole magnetic field gradient continuously adjustable by modulating several permanent magnet blocks. Four poles of the magnet inform an integral whole to ensure good structural symmetry, which is essential to obtain high-quality quadrupole magnetic field permanent quadrupole magnet....
Recently the need has arisen to examine the effects of a variable coupling factor in the complex baseband RF cavity model. This paper briefly reviews the dynamic baseband model, then augments the model to include variable coupling. Power balance, asymptotic behavior and model simplifications are explored. Finally, applications of high-power RF pulse compression and transient heating in...
Pulse compressors have been widely used to generate very high peak RF power in exchange for a reduction in the RF pulse length for linear accelerators. A C-band spherical pulse compressor is numerically studied for the linac of Super Tau-Charm Facility in this paper. Utilizing a dual-mode coupler for producing two orthogonal polarized TE11 modes, TE114 mode is chose for storing energy in...
In the framework of EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB project, we are studying possible solutions to upgrade and measure the amplitude and phase stability of the RF accelerating fields generated by a klystron. These studies concern the C- and X- band klystrons installed in the LNF infrastructures. In particular, we will present our work on a fast phase feedback around the C-band power station (50 MW klystron...
The J-PARC Main Ring accelerates proton beam from 3 GeV to 30 GeV and delivers it to T2K neutrino experiment with fast extraction and hadron experiments with slow extraction. In the last two years the beam power to the neutrino experiment was increased from 500 kW to 750 kW. The T2K detector is scheduled to be replaced by the new Hyper-K detector; the latter will be able to accept a 1.3 MW...
ROCK-IT aims to develop a demonstrator for automation and remote-access to beamlines of synchrotron radiation facilities. The four participating Helmholtz centers DESY, HZB, HZDR, and KIT have identified catalysis operando experiments as a pilot development. So far, no automation exists for such experiments and since the optimization of catalysts requires to evaluate a large parameter space of...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project seeks to significantly enhance the performance of the LHC to deliver ten times more data to the LHC Experiments. The project relies on cutting-edge systems and technologies deployed in the new facilities constructed to the HL-LHC requisites and replacing large existing equipment and systems in the LHC tunnel. The project complexity...
The East Area at the Proton Synchrotron has undergone extensive renovations, marking a significant milestone in its more than 55-year history as one of CERN’s enduring facilities for experiments, beam tests, and irradiation. This facility, which serves over 20 user teams for about 200 days annually, now boasts an enhanced infrastructure to cater to future beam test and physics requirements. It...
The Rapid Cyclotron Synchrotron (RCS) is an acceleration ring designed for boosting the electron energy from 400 MeV after the LINAC to 1 GeV prepared for injection into the Electron Storage Ring (ESR). Operating in a pulsed mode at 1 Hz, the RCS accelerates four consecutive bunches with dipole magnet ramping rapidly at each injection. Rapid ramping of the magnetic field induces eddy currents,...
A setup of in-house made Goubau (G-) Line system for measuring the broadband impedance of vacuum components has been developed at the NSRRC for improving the beam-stability of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). A thin copper wire of 0.287 mm in diameter with polyimide-coating ~0.02 mm in thickness connects two horn-shape aluminum launchers face-to-face at a distance ~1.2 m far in between via two...
The nonlinear integrable optics studies at the integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) demand fine control of the chromaticity using sextupole magnets. During the last experimental run undesirable misalignments and multipole composition in some sextupole magnets impacted operations. This report outlines the beam-based methods used to identify the nature of the misalignments and defects, and...
During the Long Shutdown 2, the two internal dumps were replaced and successfully integrated into the CERN Proton Synchrotron operation to withstand the intense and bright beams for the High-Luminosity LHC. They function as safety devices, designed to swiftly intersect the beam’s trajectory and effectively stop the beam over multiple turns. A significant challenge arises from their limited...
Muon colliders hold promise for high luminosity multi-TeV collisions, without synchrotron radiation challenges. However, this involves investigation into novel methods of muon production, acceleration, cooling, storage, and detection. Thus, a cooling demonstrator has been proposed to investigate 6D muon ionization cooling. The MICE experiment validated ionization cooling to reduce transverse...
An 820 mA CW positive ion source is being developed to produce Mo-99 using the fusion of deuterium and tritium ion beams on a rotating target to produce neutrons for use in the production of radiopharmaceuticals. The ion source consists of an RF plasma source, a multi-aperture extractor, and 300 kV accelerating column. This paper will describe a simulation study of the beam through the...
GL2000 Gabor-lens (GL)[1, 2] is a 2-m long device constructed and successfully operated at Goethe University. The confined electron column is much longer compared to previous constructed lenses and offers unique opportunity for investigation of electron cloud dynamics. Especially, kind of fingertip stopband structures were precisely measured in production diagram (operation function) in the...
Coherent electron cooling (CeC) is a novel technique for rapidly cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beam. Plasma cascade amplifier (PCA) has been proposed for the CeC experiment in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Cooling performance of PCA based CeC has been predicted in 3D start-to-end CeC simulations using code SPACE. The dependence...
The Electron Ion Collider calls for collisions of helion beam on polarized electron beams. Polarized helions will be injected into the Hadron Storage Ring at |Gγ| = 49.5 and have a maximum energy corresponding to |Gγ| = 820. Simulations of helions in this energy range have been performed using zgoubi. These studies quantify the polarization transmission with six snakes and also categorize the...
The proposed ten-pass energy recovery linac (ERL) demonstration (five accelerating, five decelerating) at the CEBAF accelerator, ER@CEBAF, involves a multi-GeV energy
range of a continuous electron beam. New CEBAF transverse optics were designed for this ERL demonstration. This redesign incorporates additional components in Arc A, including a path length chicane and new quadrupoles to ensure...
Scraping the beam in an electron storage ring while counting photons of synchrotron radiation is a well-known technique to produce a beam of a single or a few electrons which enables new experimental opportunities compared to standard accelerator physics. Synchrotron radiation is usually described as an electromagnetic wave in the frame of classical electrodynamics. The emission of photons by...
A cavity-based x-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) is a possible future direction in the development of fully coherent hard x-ray sources of high spectral brilliance, a narrow spectral bandwidth of ~1-100 meV, and a high repetition rate of ~1 MHz. A diagnostic tool is required to measure CBXFEL spectra with a meV resolution on the shot-to-shot bases. Here we present test results of a single...
In SIS18 U²⁸⁺ is used to reach highest heavy ion beam intensities for FAIR-operation. The medium charge state avoids losses during stripping processes and shifts the space charge limit to higher number of particles. Nevertheless, these ions are subjected to ionization loss in collisions with residual gas particles. Via ion impact induced gas desorption a feedback between vacuum quality and...
The CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) offers slow-extracted, high-intensity proton beams at 400 GeV/c for 3 fixed targets in the CERN North Experimental Area (NA) with a spill length of about 5 seconds. Since first commissioning in the late seventies, the NA has seen a steady increase in users, many of which requiring improved spill quality control. Slow extraction is sensitive to small...
Recently, the heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI was for the first time operated with a dual-isotope beam, made up of 12C3+ and 4He+. Such a beam can be used to improve carbon radiotherapy by providing online information on dose deposition, where the helium ions serve as a probe beam traversing the patient while depositing a negligible dose. For this, the accelerator has to deliver a slowly...
Pairs of Siberian Snakes allow the avoidance of first-order spin resonances during energy ramping. However, a high density of first-order resonances correlates with the presence of higher-order resonances after the installation of snakes. Thus, one effective tactic of mitigating higher-order resonances is by weakening the surrounding first-order ones, equivalent to minimizing the spin-orbit...
The BEam COoler and LAser spectroscopy (BECOLA) is a collinear laser spectroscopy facility at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) at Michigan State University. Time resolved laser spectroscopy experiments are performed here to study the nuclear structure of radioactive isotopes. The current data acquisition (DAQ) system being used is based on AMD Spartan 6 field programmable gate array...
A failure of the RHIC powering system occurred at the end of run 23 and led to the discovery of ruptured con-ductors on the 12x150A current leads used to feed cur-rent to the superconducting (SC) magnet circuits. These ruptured conductors are thought to have led to an electri-cal breakdown, first within the solder joint, and then across adjacent conductors of the same current lead assembly. A...
SOLEIL II is the French upgrade project to build the science of tomorrow with synchrotron light radiation. Providing the highest brilliance in its class while maintaining the radiation range from IR to hard X-rays, the project is an ambitious triple upgrade of the SOLEIL facility: accelerators (new booster and storage ring), 29 beamlines and 3 laboratories, and an information technology...
The Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is in the process of acquiring solid state amplifiers (SSA) from R&K Limited to replace four 1MW klystron rf systems that provide rf power to the storage ring cavities. This project is necessary primarily due to klystron obsolescence. Based on present needs for the APS Upgrade, twelve 160kW SS rf amplifier systems will be...
The SPS injection kicker system comprises twelve MKP-S (small aperture) modules and four MKP-L (large aperture) modules. An upgraded MKP-L magnet was installed in the SPS, during December 2022, in view of the higher beam intensity needed in the future for High-Luminosity-LHC. The upgrades have significantly reduced the beam coupling impedance and consequent beam induced heating. The improved...
In this study, we present a deep learning-based pipeline for predicting superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity faults in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. We leverage pre-fault RF signals from C100-type cavities and employ deep learning to predict faults in advance of their onset. We train a binary classifier model to distinguish between stable...
During the operation of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF), one or more unstable superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities often cause beam loss trips while the unstable cavities themselves do not necessarily trip off. The present RF controls for the legacy cavities report at only 1 Hz, which is too slow to detect fast transient instabilities during these trip...
Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) experiment aims on demonstrating cooling if 26.5 GeV/u ion beam circulating in RHIC. We will present results of the CeC experiment with special focus won the use and the control of the broad-band micro-bunching Plasma Cascade Amplifier with bandwidth of 15 THz. We will also discuss connection of this experiment with the developing the CeC cooler for future
NanoTerasu is a new 3 GeV compact soft X-ray (SX) light source having a circumference of 349 m constructed in Japan. The lattice structure is a type of multi-bend achromat with design emittance values of 1.14 nm·rad and 10 pm·rad, respectively. A target stored current is set to 400 mA to provide a high coherence and highly brilliant light from extreme ultraviolet to SX range. The injector...
MedAustron is a synchrotron-based cancer therapy center located in Lower Austria. Patients are treated with proton and carbon ion beams in an energy range of 62-252 MeV/u and of 120-400 MeV/u respectively. The facility features three clinical irradiation rooms, among which horizontal and vertical beam lines as well as a proton gantry are available for treatment. A fourth irradiation room (IR1)...
The LBNL Advanced Light Source, a pioneering third-generation soft x-ray synchrotron radiation source operating at 1.89 GeV with a 2~nm beam emittance, stands as one of the earliest facilities in its class, continually evolving to maintain its status at the forefront of soft x-ray sources. This paper reviews the most significant advancements in the accelerator's hardware and software...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project has developed and installed a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice operating at 6.0 GeV beam energy to replace the existing APS storage ring lattice that operated at 7.0 GeV. A major part of the project is to install 60 hybrid permanent magnet undulator (HPMU) insertion devices (IDs) that include 12 revolver undulators, each with two magnetic...
The stress-strain state of the titanium foils of the accelerator output windows at various thicknesses was studied with the choice of first-grade titanium foil as a brand. The latter is more affordable and accessible compared to a second-grade titanium foil. The deformation diagram, density, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio of the first-grade titanium were selected as initial data....
To reduce filling times and enable advanced injection schemes, it is desirable for the Diamond-II booster to provide high charge in both single and multi-bunch modes. The single bunch charge will be limited by short range wakefields in the booster, and long-range wakefields limit the charge for the multi-bunch trains. Due to the relatively low 100 MeV injection energy into the booster, the...
CW magnetrons designed and optimized for industrial heaters, driven by an injection-locking signal, were suggested to power Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities. However, CW magnetrons are regenerative devices that apply some of their output back to its input to add to the input signal, increasing the gain/amplification. to avoid large regenerative instability in operation, we propose a new...
In pursuit of maximizing the performance of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), we conducted a feasibility study aimed at reassessing and optimizing the lattice configuration within the existing tunnel infrastructure. One of our main objective is to minimize displacement of source points for insertion devices (IDs) while augmenting overall beam performance. To achieve this, we propose an upgraded...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) will accelerate all species except protons through transition to the desired storage energy. The effects at transition may cause unwanted emittance blowup beam loss due to bunch area mismatch and negative mass instability. In this paper, we will show the longitudinal dynamics of transition crossing in the HSR with current parameters...
The Korea fourth-generation storage ring (Korea-4GSR) project was launched in 2021 to generate high-brightness photon beams as a diffraction-limited light source. The 200 MeV beam is injected into the booster synchrotron. The beam parameters and transmission efficiency fluctuate with initial beam conditions such as beam Twiss parameters and centroid offsets during the injection and energy...
Stuctural Health Monitoring (SHM) program at European Spallation Source (ESS) aims to perform preventive studies on machine structure through the development and implementation of non-destructive techniques. The goal of this program is to: 1. Understand cavity material-ion beam interaction mechanisms 2. Quantify material damage at nominal operational parameters and abnormal scenarios, 3. Study...
Ultra-intense, ultra-fast, near-infrared (NIR) solid-state lasers based on chirped pulse amplification (CPA) are main radiation sources to support strong-field scientific research. At the same time, the wavelength scaling of fundamental physical processes calls for extending the spectral coverage into the long-wave infrared (LWIR) domain (8–14 µm). Using optical transitions between vibrational...
As Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) looks toward the future, we are considering expanding our energy reach by using Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) technology. Significant efforts have been made to design a hybrid accelerator which combines conventional recirculating electron LINAC design with permanent magnet-based FFA technology to increase the number of...
A collaboration agreement between the ALBA, DESY and HZB institutions was signed on 2021 in order to commission the 3rd harmonic normal conducting, HOM damped, active cavity designed and prototyped by ALBA. The cavity prototype arrived to ALBA in December 2021, and successfully passed the low power RF and vacuum tests. Afterwards, in January 2022 it was sent to HZB and mounted in the...
The SIS100 accelerator, currently under construction in Darmstadt (Germany), consists of six arc and straight sections. Each of the six cryogenic arc sections comprises fourteen regularly repeating optical cells (lattice). Each standard cell includes two dipole magnets and two quadrupole units integrated in a quadrupole doublet module. The SIS100 String Test technically represents one standard...
In advanced light sources such as 4th generation synchrotrons and Free Electron Lasers (FELs), undulators are important devices to produce photons with high brilliance. This necessitates to reach highest possible magnetic fields. For a given magnetic gap and period length this demand can only be accomplished by using the superconducting undulator (SCU) technology.
At the Institute for Beam...
Previous TDR (Technical Design Report) studies for the SOLEIL upgrade project (SOLEIL II) have converged towards a lattice alternating 7BA and 4BA HOA (High Order Achromat) type cells providing an ultra low natural horizontal emittance value in the 85 pm·rad range at an energy of 2.75 GeV. The new TDR lattice is an evolution that keep the insertion devices photon source points at their present...
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) was recently chosen to host the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), which will collide high energy and highly polarized hadron and electron beams with a center of mass energy up to 140 GeV and a luminosity of up to 1e+34 1/cm^2/s. Part of the accelerator complex is a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), which is planned to accelerate electrons from 400 MeV to 18...
The correction of storage ring magnetic errors typically requires the use of multiple programs. However, there are generally differences in the correction results between different programs. We may perform error correction in one program and then continue with other tasks in another program, which requires us to accurately achieve the conversion of the lattice between different programs after...
The Data Platform is a fully independent system for management and retrieval of heterogeneous, time-series data required for machine learning and general data science applications deployed at large particle accelerator facilities. It is an independent subsystem within the larger Machine Learning Data Platform (MLDP) which provides full-stack support for such facilities and applications [1]....
The accelerator of CSNS is composed by a 80 MeV H- linac and a RCS ring. The H- beam from the linac is stripped and injected to RCS where the stripped proton beam will be accumulated and boosted to 1.6 GeV. In order to improve the injection efficiency, it is a must to know and control the linac beam parameters. In this paper, the energy spread of H- beam at the LRBT of CSNS linac is measured.
We present the design and experiment of a laser system for the very compact inverse Compton scattering (ICS) γ-ray source (VIGAS). The laser system comprises a photo injector drive laser and a scattering laser system. The photocathode drive laser system produces ultraviolet (UV) pulses with 575 μJ energy, 9.4 ps FWHM pulse width, and 10 Hz repetition at 267 nm central wavelength, which...
The SAPS is a fourth-generation light source which is planned to be built at the Guangdong Province, the south of China. On injection option for the SAPS is a booster ring with a low energy linac. The linac initially provides full charge bunches to booster and then the boosted beams are injected to the storage ring via swap-out injection. When the brightness of the storage ring become lower,...
As part of the Electron-Ion Collide (EIC) upgrade at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the development of new beam screens for the vacuum system is underway. The mechanical design of the beam screens received support from CERN, particularly in addressing the mechanical response during a magnet quench, i.e. a resistive transitions in the superconducting magnets. Maintaining an overall...
The Mainz Energy recovering Superconducting Accelerator MESA is a multi-turn energy recovery linac with beam energies in the 100 MeV regime currently under construction at Institut für Kernphysik (KPH) of Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. The main accelerator consists of two superconducting Rossendorf type modules, while the injector MAMBO (MilliAMpere BOoster) relies on normal conducting...
The undulator is the core device for producing high energy synchrotron radiation light in Synchrotron Radiation and Free Electron Laser facilities. The long-term operation of the undulator is bound to be damaged by radiation. Furthermore, this radiation damage leads to the reduction or even demagnetization of the magnetic field, directly affecting the electron beam's operating state and the...
The PSI Positron Production experiment, known as P\textsuperscript{3} or \textit{P-cubed}, is a proof-of-principle positron source and capture system that can greatly improve the state-of-the-art positron yield. The P\textsuperscript{3} project is led by the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland, and addresses the long-standing challenge faced by conventional injector facilities to generate,...
Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a unique learning paradigm that is particularly well-suited to tackle complex control tasks, can deal with delayed consequences, and can learn from experience without an explicit model of the dynamics of the problem. These properties make RL methods extremely promising for applications in particle accelerators, where the dynamically evolving conditions of both...
The X-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) installed in the front end system of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is discussed in this article. This XBPM has an Advanced Photon Source (APS) blade type. Calibration has been finished for most XBPMs in the front end of the insertion device beamline. The stability and resolution of the XBPMs will be introduced in the article. The problems encountered...
The European LEAPS-INNOV project has launched a Research and Development program dedicated to the design of a new generation of germanium detectors for X-ray spectroscopy applications. The present article shows the results of the thermomechanical simulations of this design, based on finite element analysis (FEA) studies, under vacuum and cryogenic conditions. The first results of these...
Our focus centers on numerical investigation into the transient response of optics when subjected to instantaneous heat deposition. The heat load deposited onto crystal optics, coupled with the emission of strain waves, has the potential to induce crystal deformation and vibrations. These phenomena carry detrimental consequences for optic performance, particularly in terms of wavefront...
A central part of CERN’s Future Circular collider study (FCC) is a ~91 km circumference lepton collider and its injector complex. This contribution outlines the various kicker systems needed to transport the lepton beams from the electron source up to the collider dump system. The individual system requirements are presented, and the choice of design parameters and technology options for both,...
This paper addresses the automation of particle accelerator control through reinforcement learning (RL). It highlights the potential to increase reliable performance, especially in light of new diagnostic tools and the increasingly complex variable schedules of specific accelerators. We focus on the physics simulation of the AWAKE electron line, an ideal platform for performing in-depth...
The bending, quadrupole, and sextupole power supplies in the J-PARC Main Ring (MR) have been upgraded ramping up the average beam power for fast extraction (FX) operation for the neutrino oscillation experiment and slow extraction (SX) operation for the experiments in the hadron facility. The repetition cycles have been shortened from 2.48 sec. to 1.36 sec. for the FX operation and will be...
Conceptual studies for a muon collider identify fast-ramping magnets as a major design challenge. Rise rates of more than 1 T/ms are attainable with normal-conducting magnets, incorporating iron yokes to make sure that stored magnetic energies and inductances stay below reasonable thresholds. Moreover, for energy efficiency, the magnets need to exchange energy with capacitors, such that the...
For achieving sufficient RF power from a solid state amplifier for accelerate particles applications usually many transistor stages need to be combined. Power levels of more than one kilowatt (kW) per transistor are state of the art for a variety of frequencies. Depending on the required total output power for multi ten kW systems a combining structure is needed. The approach of a sequential...
In ultrafast electron diffraction experiments, the electron beam's length is crucial as it determines the timescale for observing ultrafast dynamic changes. Therefore, achieving continuous control over the length of these beams within a specific range is paramount for broadening the research scope in ultrafast science. This regulation ensures the accuracy of diffraction images from diverse...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the oldest operating accelerators in the United States, having recently celebrated its 50th anniversary of operation. LANSCE is comprised of an 800-MeV linac capable of concurrently accelerating both H+ and H- ions, and can presently provide beam to six separate user stations.
We present an overview of proposed and underway upgrade and...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) is one of the oldest operating high-power accelerators in the United States, having recently celebrated its 50th anniversary of operation. LANSCE is comprised of an 800-MeV linac capable of concurrently accelerating both H+ and H- ions, and can presently provide beam to six separate user stations.
The Area A end-station at LANSCE is the site of...
The current Booster Main Magnet Power Supply (MMPS) has a maximum power draw of 18 MW drawn directly from the AC power line. To support this high power draw, the Booster has a dedicated 69 kV substation. The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron for the Electron Ion Collider will also require a 69 kV substation. To free the existing 69 kV substation, the Booster MMPS will be upgraded to a capacitor style...
A new accelerator facility (FAIR) is currently being built at GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany. The FAIR accelerator facility will consist of various beam lines, which provide different functions and experiments using various particle beams (ions, proton and anti-protons). Due to unprecedented circumstances, the FAIR project is currently divided into several...
The strength of a first-order spin-orbit resonance is defined as the amplitude of the corresponding Fourier component of the spin-precession vector. However, it is possible to obtain the resonance strength without computing the Fourier integral directly. If a resonance is sufficiently strong, then to a good approximation, one can neglect all other depolarizing effects when near the resonance....
With the present proton electric dipole moment (pEDM) storage ring design [1], the counter rotating (CR) beam closed orbits will separate vertically if there is a nonzero radial magnetic field Bx. If a quadrupole electric field Ey is also present, then its direction would be opposite for the CR beams hence it becomes a potential source for a false EDM signal. In this work, we model this...
The paper focuses on calculating the longitudinal and transverse wake-fields and impedances of the FCC-ee collimators through electromagnetic simulations using CST, ECHO3D and IW2D codes. The conducted studies have revealed that the collimation system can significantly contribute to the overall collider impedance/wake budget, both broad-band and narrow-band. The single bunch dynamics...
A superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cryomodule (CM) for the International Linear Collider (ILC) Technology Network (ITN) is being developed at KEK. In the scope of this, a waveguide system is being designed. Its main features are a low center of gravity, a reduced number of corners and waveguide elements, and a compact bellow for connecting it to the input power coupler. Furthermore, the...
The timing system is a critical element in scientific facilities such as particle accelerators or laser ignition installations. The different subsystems that integrate these scientific facilities need to have a common notion of time. This common time reference is provided by the timing system. Thanks to that, it is possible to operate the machine in a time coherent manner and to properly track...
