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Description
Longitudinal phase-space (LPS) diagnostics of high-energy electron beams are essential for the operation, optimization, and physics studies of free-electron lasers. At the European XFEL, a single-plate corrugated structure has been installed downstream of the SASE2 undulator to measure the LPS of the electron beam. When the beam passes in close proximity to the plate’s corrugations, wakefields are generated that induce a correlation between longitudinal position and transverse beam distribution. The longitudinal phase space of the beam is then analyzed on a scintillating screen monitor located in a dispersive section.
This passive wakefield streaker serves as an alternative to radio-frequency transverse deflecting structures, offering a compact, cost-effective, and operationally robust solution for post-undulator LPS diagnostics. Owing to the intrinsically nonlinear nature of wakefield-induced streaking, the measured beam images represent a nonlinearly distorted projection of the LPS, requiring dedicated reconstruction techniques.
In this contribution, we report on the operational use of a passive corrugated wakefield streaker for longitudinal phase-space measurements at the European XFEL. We discuss practical aspects of streaker operation, calibration, and resolution, and present a reconstruction method enabling reliable retrieval of the LPS under typical XFEL operating conditions.
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