Speaker
Description
The CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) operates at two nominal extraction energies, 1.4 GeV and 2 GeV, each presenting distinct achievable beam intensities. To mitigate longitudinal instabilities, the PSB RF system employs a combination of double-harmonic voltage and multi-harmonic cavity feedback loops. When operating with single-harmonic voltage and open cavity loops, a fast instability emerges. In contrast, closing the loops suppresses the fast instability but results in gradual longitudinal emittance growth. Longitudinal stability improves significantly when the second harmonic is added in counter-phase at the bunch position, but not in-phase, despite both configurations increasing the synchrotron frequency spread. A new time-domain model of the cavity loops has been incorporated into particle tracking simulations, which allows a more detailed understanding of their influence on beam dynamics. This contribution presents results from a simulation and measurement campaign, which have been used to identify present longitudinal limitations and predict future performance.
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