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Description
The Mu2e experiment has a stringent requirement for extinction of the pulsed proton beam, referring to the elimination of particles between proton bunches to a relative level of $10^{-10}$, which means a single out-of-time particle in the inter-pulse gaps for every 250 complete proton pulses. As the construction of the Mu2e experiment nears completion, it is crucially important to make an early measurement of the beam extinction in its current condition, so the upstream extinction monitor was constructed and operated to probe for problems in the proton pulse structure or a higher than expected incidence rate of out-of-time.
The analysis in this work comes from data taken in December 2025. The extinction was measured to be at a level of $10^{-x}$, [conclusion about that result]. In addition, a significant presence of out-of-time particles from a ghost bunch in the Delivery Ring were found approximately 425 ns after the centers of the main proton pulses. These out-of-time particles only occur near the beginning of spills, and disappear within a millisecond of first beam arrival.
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