IPAC'26 - the 17th International Particle Accelerator Conference

17 May 2026, 09:00 → 22 May 2026, 18:00 Europe/Zurich

C.I.D

Hanna Franberg Delahaye (Grand Accélérateur Nat. d'Ions Lourds), Peter McIntosh (Science and Technology Facilities Council), Rogelio Tomas (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Sunday 17 May

Registration on site

Student poster session

Welcome

Monday 18 May

MC0 : opening session: Welcome Address

MC0 : opening session

1 GANIL - SPIRAL2 facility : first years of operation and new developments.

The SPIRAL2 facility has produced its first beams in 2019, marking the opening of new research opportunities at GANIL. Operational for physics experiments since 2022, the linear accelerator delivers a wide variety of stable ion beams - from protons to uranium - with energies ranging from 0.75 MeV/A to 33 MeV for protons and up to 8 MeV/A for ions with A/Q = 7. The machine covers an exceptionally broad intensity range, from nanoamperes to milliamperes, offering high experimental versatility. This diversity of beams poses significant operational challenges that have strongly influenced the facility’s design choices. The upcoming commissioning of the S3 and DESIR experimental areas, together with the ongoing construction of the new NEWGAIN injector, represent key milestones in the GANIL facility’s future development. The physics program enabled by SPIRAL2 is briefly presented. The first years of operation of the Neutrons For Science (NFS) experimental area are reviewed, emphasizing initial operational challenges and lessons learned. Recent aspects of the GANIL cyclotron complex’s operation are also discussed. Finally, the ongoing upgrades and developments essential to sustain increasingly ambitious experimental campaigns are presented.

Speaker: Robin Ferdinand (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique)

2 CERN’s future vision and priorities

The Update for the European Strategy for Particle Physics will take place over 2025, with various community inputs and an open symposium. Many are eagerly awaiting the outcome and what it means for CERN and large collider projects worldwide. If the response from the ESPP is clear and decisive, then this talk will be an opportunity to elaborate CERN's plans with the international accelerator community. If the ESPP does not offer a clear direction, then this would be an opportunity to hear from CERN's new Director General about CERN's plan going forward.

Speaker: Mark Thomson (University of Cambridge)

10:30 Coffee break

MC0 : opening session

3 Synchrotron light facility updates: the bright future of synchrotron science

Synchrotron light sources are undergoing a major transformation, driven by the need for higher brilliance, greater efficiency, and more advanced experimental capabilities. The transition to 4th generation synchrotrons is enabling groundbreaking research in imaging, spectroscopy, and materials science, with improvements in accelerator design, beam stability, and data handling. Key advancements include multi-bend achromat lattices for reduced emittance, energy-efficient permanent magnet systems, and increasingly automated, AI-enhanced workflows for data acquisition and analysis. Facilities worldwide are also integrating new beamline technologies to support high-throughput experiments and multimodal studies. In parallel, efforts to improve sustainability and optimize user access models are shaping the future of synchrotron research. These developments are not only expanding scientific possibilities but also reinforcing international collaboration, ensuring synchrotron facilities remain at the forefront of innovation.

Speaker: Laurent Chapon (Advanced Photon Source)

4 First Acceleration of Positive Muons: From Initial Demonstration to High-Energy Development

The realization of low-emittance muon beams through cooling and acceleration is a pivotal technology with significant potential to advance various scientific disciplines, ranging from fundamental particle physics to applied material science. Recently, we successfully demonstrated, for the first time, the acceleration of positive muons generated by resonant multi-photon ionization of muonium using a radio-frequency quadrupole linac (RFQ), accelerating them from thermal energy to 100 keV. To further advance these studies, a dedicated muon linac, composed of four types of RF cavities, has been developed to accelerate muons to 212 MeV, approaching the speed of light. The beamline and accelerator are being constructed from the upstream, and the acceleration up to the second RF accelerator is already planned, with further acceleration up to a few MeV scheduled from 2026 fiscal years. This presentation shows the results of the first acceleration of positive muons and ongoing developments aimed at achieving higher energies.

Speaker: Masashi Otani (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex)

5 Commissioning Progress of the ESS Linear Accelerator

The European Spallation Source (ESS) is in the final stages of commissioning its linear accelerator (linac), which will deliver a high-power proton beam for neutron production. The commissioning process involves progressive testing of subsystems, including the ion source, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and superconducting cavities, to ensure stable and reliable beam operation. Key challenges include beam dynamics optimization, machine protection, and high-power RF system integration. Within this presentation an overview of the commissioning status, key milestones achieved, and expectations for the first beam on target, marking a significant step toward full facility operation could be given.

Speaker: Natalia Milas (European Spallation Source)

12:30 Lunch break

MC7: Accelerator Technology

6 Additively-manufactured monocrystalline YBCO superconductor

Single-crystal microstructures enable high-performance YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors which are however limited to simple shapes due to their brittleness. Additive manufacturing can fabricate YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor with complex shapes, albeit with a polycrystalline microstructure. Here, we demonstrate a route to grow single-crystals from 3D-ink-printed, polycrystalline, sintered superconducting YBCO, manufacturing objects with complex architectures displaying both high critical current density and high critical temperature . An ink containing precursor powders (Y2O3, BaCO3, and CuO) is 3D-extruded into complex geometries and then reaction-sintered to obtain polycrystalline Y123 + Y211. A seed is then utilized to transform these 3D-printed parts from poly to monocrystal via the melt growth method. The geometric details of 3D-printed parts survive the process without slumping, sagging or collapse, despite the long-term presence of liquid above the peritectic temperature. This additive approach enables the facile fabrication of superconducting devices with complex shapes and architectures, such as advanced undulator magnets to generate synchrotron radiation and microwave cavities for dark-matter axion search. This work highlights the potential of additive manufacturing for producing monocrystalline cuprate superconductors and opens the door to additive manufacturing of other monocrystalline functional ceramic or semiconductor materials.

Speaker: Cristian Boffo (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

7 HTS Technology development for energy efficient magnets in PSI Large Research Facilities

Over the past decade, the Magnet Section at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has developed extensive expertise in superconducting magnet design, construction, and testing, forming the foundation for SMILE (Superconducting Magnets to Improve Large Research Facilities Efficiency) - a proposed R&D initiative that brings together PSI experts and international partners. SMILE’s primary goal is to enhance magnet performance while significantly reducing energy consumption and CO₂ emissions across PSI’s large research facilities. This presentation outlines the future roadmap for advancing High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) technology at PSI’s High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) complex. A key focus is the development of cryocooler-based HTS magnets for both DC and ramping applications, addressing the unique challenges of operating conduction-cooled HTS tapes in dynamic field environments. Additionally, a critical research area focuses on understanding and mitigating radiation-induced degradation in HTS materials, essential for magnets operating near high-intensity targets. This combined focus on performance enhancement, energy efficiency, and radiation resilience aims not only to reduce PSI’s power consumption and environmental footprint, but with meaningful contributions impacting the research related to the industrial use of the HTS magnets.

Speaker: Stephane Sanfilippo (Paul Scherrer Institute)

MC1 : Colliders and related accelerators (Invited)

8 Project status and R&D efforts for Super Tau-Charm Facility

The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) was proposed as a third-generation circular electron-positron collider in the energy range of 2-7 GeV (CoM) and with a luminosity greater than 5*10^34 cm^-2s^-1 @4 GeV, aiming to explore charm physics and tau physics in the next decades. This presentation will introduce the facility design and R&D efforts for STCF, including the design goal, accelerator and detector schemes, and key technological R&D efforts, with focus on the accelerator. Under the financial support of the key technology R&D project by the local governments and other national funding agencies, the STCF accelerator team including international collaborators has completed the conceptual design of the accelerator, and started the technical design. The accelerator consists of a full-energy injector consisting of multi-section linacs and a positron accumulator ring and a double-ring collider with the crab-waist collision scheme. Key physics and technological challenges will be addressed. Ongoing R&D efforts and progresses will be summarized. The project planning will also be given. International collaboration is much welcome.

Speaker: Jingyu Tang (University of Science and Technology of China)

9 Prospects for linear colliders

In this talk the status of CLIC will be reviewd on design, technology readyness, human resourcece and timeline, etc.

Speaker: Steinar Stapnes (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

10 The Ghost Collider: An Innovative Higgs Factory

The Ghost Collider is a proposal for a 550 GeV center-of-mass (275 GeV per beam) linear collider with four interaction regions, each with the design luminosity. The primary innovation is the use of “ghost bunches” containing equal numbers of electrons and positrons, therefore being electrically neutral. In the linacs, energy is transferred between electrons and positrons in the same bunch, decelerating one type of particle and using the energy to accelerate the other; a new class of Energy Recovery Linac. At the interaction points (IPs), collisions between two neutral ghost bunches occur. Historically this approach has been referred to as "charge compensation of beam-beam". To avoid instabilities, round beams with small disruption parameter are arranged at the IPs, ensuring particles and their energy can be recycled with minimal loss. Four “serial IPs” are incorporated, where chromatic errors produced in one IP are canceled in the following IP. All interaction points have the nominal luminosity per IP of $2.8 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ for a facility luminosity of $11 \times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ @ 100 MW total electrical power for SR replacement, linac RF, cryogenic and damping ring systems. The result is a totally original concept for an electron-positron collider.

Speaker: Robert Apsimon (Lancaster University, Cockcroft Institute)

11 Contributed 2

12 Contributed 3

13 Contributed 6

Poster session

18:00 Chair's reception

Tuesday 19 May

MC2 : Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators

14 First Lasing of a Cavity Based X-ray FEL

Cavity-based X-ray Free Electron Lasers(CBXFELs) promise to transform the field of hard X-ray science by delivering radiation with exceptional brilliance, stability,and full three-dimensional coherence. At the European XFEL, we have recently achieved lasing with multi-pass gain in a proof-of-concept CBXFEL featuring a 132.8m round-trip hard X-ray cavity using diamond crystals in Bragg reflection.
This talk will present these results, and will classify them in the context of the development of CBXFEL sources and high brighntess X-ray pulses.

Speaker: Patrick Rauer (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

MC8 : Applications of Accelerators, Engagement with Industry, Technology Transfer and Outreach

15 Particle Accelerator-driven Muon Spectroscopy: An invaluable tool to understand our material world.

Muons are generated at several accelerator-based facilities around the world and can be implanted into a wide range of materials, acting as a local probe of the surrounding atomic environment. By measuring the muon’s precession and relaxation can provide an understanding of the material of interest and, from this, unique information is obtained on the static and dynamic properties. This has enabled muon spectroscopy to develop into a powerful tool to investigate materials, such as fundamental magnetism, superconductivity and functional materials, energy storage, ionic diffusion in potential batteries, the dynamics of soft matter, free radical chemistry, reaction kinetics, semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, cultural heritage, and even the effects of muons on electronics*. This talk will introduce the techniques, give an overview of the global facilities, describe the important characteristics of the particle accelerator, and highlight some recent scientific highlights.

Speaker: Adrian Hillier (Science and Technology Facilities Council)

16 First mixed He/C ion beams at a clinical facility: two years from concept to first ion imaging experiments

Patient irradiation with mixed 4He2+ and 12C6+ ion beams, whose m/q only differ by 0.065%, is a promising proposal for online monitoring in carbon ion therapy. Over the past two years, major developments enabled the generation of such beams at MedAustron, marking the first mixed species beam delivery at a clinical synchrotron facility. These beams are now used for accelerator, detector, and medical physics research.

This contribution reviews the two-year development program that enabled mixed beam delivery and the first successful mixed beam imaging experiments at MedAustron. At the core is a new double multiturn injection scheme, which allows mixed beams with adjustable mixing ratios to be generated by sequentially merging both ion species in the synchrotron. Maintaining a stable He:C ratio throughout slow extraction required further developments, including tailored RF knockout excitation signals. To support these advances, dedicated diagnostic tools needed to be developed to characterize the mixed beam both in the synchrotron and the experimental room. A highlight in this context is a new non-invasive method that determines the He:C mixing ratio in the synchrotron from the RF radial loop correction.

Overall, these developments now enable the reproducible delivery and characterization of mixed beams with adjustable properties, which paves the way for continued progress in the field of mixed ion beam acceleration and application.

Speaker: Elisabeth Renner (TU Wien)

17 Accelerators activities at ENEA for aerospace

The ENEA Frascati Particle Accelerator Laboratory operates a set of S-band electron and proton linear accelerators providing beams relevant for radiation-effects studies in the aerospace sector. The TOP-IMPLART proton LINAC delivers low-energy (1–6 MeV) and high-energy (up to 71 MeV) beams, while the REX and TECHEA facilities supply 3.5–5 MeV and 1–3 MeV electron beams, respectively; both can also operate as X-ray sources via removable bremsstrahlung converters.
The contribution reviews ENEA activities in aerospace applications, including irradiation of electronic components, material and shielding studies, and radiobiology and astrobiology experiments. ENEA is involved in several national and European projects— such as Cyptomars, Space It Up!, Space-EBC, and Thread — addressing key topics for space exploration. In parallel, ENEA provides irradiation services within infrastructures such as DIANA and ASIF supporting component testing and material qualification.
This work highlights ENEA’s role in supporting the aerospace community through advanced accelerator capabilities, coordinated research initiatives, and a broad portfolio of irradiation services aimed at enhancing the robustness and space-readiness of technologies for future missions.

Speaker: Giulia Bazzano (ENEA Frascati Research Centre)

18 Recent Progress at KoBRA: From First Beam to User Program

The Korea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus (KoBRA) at the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) was constructed as a spectrometer for low-energy nuclear physics research, covering beam energies from 1 to 40 MeV per nucleon. Beam commissioning was initiated in May 2023 using 40Ar beams on carbon targets, where secondary fragments were identified through measurements of magnetic rigidity, time of flight, and energy loss using parallel plate avalanche counters and silicon detectors at focal planes. In 2024, isotope separation on-line produced 25Na beams were accelerated via the superconducting linear accelerator and successfully separated at KoBRA, demonstrating operational capability with both fragmentation and isotope separation on-line beams. Machine study experiments were conducted to optimize separator performance, and several user experiments commenced in late 2025 for nuclear physics and application research. This presentation summarizes the commissioning results and experimental activities conducted at KoBRA over the three-year period.

Speaker: Geonhee Oh (Institute for Basic Science)

19 Contributed 8

20 Contributed 9

21 Contributed 11

10:30 Coffee break

MC3 : Alternative Particle Sources and Acceleration Techniques

22 High quality electron beams with tunable energy produced by laser-plasma acceleration

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons occurs when an intense short laser pulse focused in an underdense plasma drives in its wake a plasma wave with an amplitude large enough to trap and accelerate electrons. Relativistic electron bunches are easily obtained through this mechanism and have given rise to a large number of studies and publications. Despite these efforts, the achievement of a high quality reliable electron source, ready for use in applications, still needs some developments.
Electron beams with high quality, and tunable electron energy, have been achieved by the authors using the DRACO facility (HZDR Dresden), showing that the injection and acceleration processes can be controlled consistently in a gas cell. Dark current free, relativistic electron bunches with energy peaked at tunable values between 60 MeV, and 200 MeV, 40 pC charge in the peak and sub-mrad rms divergence, reaching up to 14pC/MeV/mrad, have been achieved experimentally and reproduced in PIC simulations using measured input parameters. On going work is aimed at increasing the charge in the peak beyond 100pC through new gas cell development.

Speaker: Brigitte CROS (Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasmas)

23 First direct observation of a wakefield generated with structured light

Since their inception, laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) have shown their capability to produce high-quality, monoenergetic electron beams. Yet, the push toward higher electron energies and more efficient accelerators is constrained by several limitations. Foremost among these are the dephasing and diffraction limits. A promising strategy to address these issues involves using structured light to modulate the on-axis propagation velocity in LWFAs. By pairing the diffraction-resistant properties of Bessel beams with spatio-temporal pulse shaping, this approach offers an unprecedented combination of extended acceleration lengths and strong acceleration gradients.

Here we present the first experimental observation of wakefields driven by such structured beams. Spatio-temporally tailored pulses are directed through a specialized focusing mirror to form a quasi-Bessel beam, and the resulting wakefield is directly probed using femtosecond relativistic electron microscopy. Simulations corroborate the experimental data, offering novel insights into this underexplored regime. We show an experimental demonstration of the ability to modify the on-axis propagation velocity of the wakefield. We track the wakefield’s evolution throughout the focal region and examine how specific spatio-temporal manipulations influence both its structure and propagation velocity. Finally, we present the first results using such wakefields to accelerate electrons. These findings establish a foundation for harnessing structured-light-based strategies to overcome dephasing in LWFA.

[1] A. Liberman et al., “Direct Observation of a Wakefield Generated with Structured Light,” Nature Communications, Accepted. (https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.01516)
[2] A. Liberman et al., “First Electron Acceleration in a Tunable-Velocity Laser Wakefield,” under review. (https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.21098)
[3] A. Liberman et al., “Probing Flying-Focus Wakefields,” under review. (https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.16950)
[4] A. Liberman et al., "Use of spatiotemporal couplings and an axiparabola to control the velocity of peak intensity," Opt. Lett. 49, 814-817 (2024)

Speaker: Aaron Liberman (Weizmann Institute of Science)

MC5 : Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields

24 Manipulating and Diagnosing Electron Beam with Cross-Plane Coupling in Transverse and Longitudinal Phase Spaces

Manipulating phase space of the beam distribution is increasingly important not only for advanced accelerator concepts but also for X-ray free electron lasers (FELs). In the case of hadron cooling, a prime example is magnetized beams, where cross-plane correlations between two transverse phase spaces dominate the beam dynamics. Precisely controlling these cross-plane couplings—either by introducing or eliminating them in beams with high transverse emittance ratios—is highly relevant. In the case of the FELs, specific examples include the suppression of double-horn shape in the longitudinal phase space and non-linear bunch compression while preserving transverse emittance, where understanding the phase space with coupled information is advantageous for its control against collective effects. These sophisticated manipulations rely on precise phase space diagnostics, for which we apply an AI/ML-based phase space reconstruction algorithm capable of accurately determining all cross-plane correlations. We present a comprehensive analysis of beam dynamics, supported by experimental demonstrations of both the beam manipulation techniques and the phase-space reconstruction methodology.

Speaker: Seongyeol Kim (Pohang University of Science and Technology)

MC4: Hadron Accelerators

25 Status and Comparison of World-wide In-flight Fragment Separators

Generation of rare isotope beams by means of in-flight separation of nuclear fragments and fission products requires complex optical structures usually comprising multiple separator stages. Large apertur magnets providing maximum acceptance, radiation hard and superconducting are used to separate the reference isotope from the bulk of the primary and secondary heayv ion beam. The pre-separator stages are designed to dump a majority of the secondary beam in a controlled way and are therefore often a challenge for radioprotection, shielding and beam catchers. The complex optics of fragment separators makes use of energy degraders, intermediate focal- and image planes to minimie contamination of the desired isotopes. A comparison of optical designs and magnet technologies will be presented.

Speaker: Haik Simon (GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research)

26 Accelerator Complex Evolution at Fermilab

The largest hadron accelerator facility in the US is undergoing radical changes and the undertaking of new HEP-driven neutrino research. This talk will discuss the wide-ranging projects and impacts to the accelerator community taking place at FNAL.

Speaker: Mary Convery (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory)

MC6 : Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback & Operation

27 ML-driven Automated Tuning of SACLA XFEL: Progress and Future

Leveraging Machine Learning (ML), we aim to automate and simplify the complex tuning of the XFEL light source accelerator, SACLA, thereby delivering extreme XFEL performance tailored to experimental user needs. Since 2020, we have implemented a Bayesian Optimization (BO)-based automated tuning framework at SACLA. This enables us to meet the detailed XFEL requirements for the approximately ten independent experiments conducted weekly across three beamlines. These requirements include wavelength, intensity, spectral width, spectral shape, and the time interval and intensity ratio for two-pulse lasers. To enable more precise control of XFEL characteristics, a high-time-resolution X-band RF deflector is planned to install downstream of the undulators to acquire laser-amplification data. This robust ML platform is designed for broad applicability; it has been successfully tested for deployment at other accelerator facilities with minimal modifications. We are also expanding the ML scope toward fault prediction for various hardware components, paving the way for fully autonomous operation. This presentation will describe the recent progress, achievements, and future prospects of ML applications at SACLA.

Speaker: Eito Iwai (Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, RIKEN SPring-8 Center)

12:30 Lunch break

MC2 : Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators

28 Attosecond FEL Physics

Following the first demonstration of isolated attosecond FEL pulses in 2018 and the Nobel prize in (tabletop) attosecond science in 2023, demand for attosecond x-ray pulses has increased exponentially.

This talk would review recent advances in attosecond pulse generation, including: attosecond lasing at LCLS-II; the first demonstration of attosecond super-radiance; and a measurement of FEL group velocity in the first attosecond pump / attosecond probe experiment at a free electron laser. These advances rely on the novel use of collective dynamics to shape the electron beam.

This talk would also provide an outlook for upcoming opportunities in attosecond science using linear accelerators, including:
HXR attosecond pulses and attosecond beams from plasma wakefield based bunch compression.

Speaker: Agostino Marinelli (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

29 Commissioning and Performance of the ThomX Compact Compton Source Demonstrator

ThomX is a compact Compton-based X-ray source demonstrator constructed and operated at IJCLab on the Université Paris-Saclay campus (Orsay, France). The facility comprises a 70 MeV linac, a transfer line, an 18 m storage ring and an extraction line. At the interaction point, laser pulses stored in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity collide with circulating electron bunches, generating X-rays with energies up to 90 keV. During the 2023-2025 commissioning campaigns, X-ray production was achieved with a stored laser power of about 90 kW and an average flux of approximately $10^{10}$ photons/s at 45 keV. These results confirm the feasibility of a compact, high-flux Compton source delivering hard X-rays in the 45-90 keV range. This contribution will outline the main challenges associated with compactness, low-energy operation and nonlinear beam dynamics. It will also present the recent advances in beam commissioning and X-ray source characterization. The demonstrated performances and perspectives toward the nominal regime of 1 nC bunch charge, 700 kW stored laser power and $>10^{12}$ photons/s X-ray flux will be discussed.

Speaker: Iryna Chaikovska (Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie)

30 High Charge Operation and Future Upgrades of the APS-U Injector Chain

For swap-out operation in the APS-Upgrade storage ring, the injector must supply a full charge bunch in one shot. For 200 mA operation in 48 bunch timing mode, the required charge per bunch is 16 nC, which is challenging for the injector chain. In this paper we report on the present status of high charge operation and discuss upcoming improvements to increase the charge limit. We also propose two future upgrades to the APS-U injector chain: a high charge photoinjector for direct injection into the booster, and a high energy accumulator ring in the booster tunnel.

Speaker: Joseph Calvey (Argonne National Laboratory)

MC7: Accelerator Technology

31 Innovate for Sustainable Accelerator Systems (iSAS)

Particle accelerators have become essential instruments for fundamental research and also to improve our health, high-tech abilities or safety. Accelerating particles to high energies require a large amount of energy and energy sustainability is an unavoidable challenge for future accelerators. Among several solutions developed to minimize energy consumption, the project Innovate for Sustainable Accelerator Systems (iSAS) focuses on energy-efficient SRF R&D. It aims to develop core SRF technologies with the largest leverage for energy savings. This european-funded project (HORIZON-INFRA-2023-TECH-01-01) aims to develop, prototype and validate SRF technologies so that accelerators can operate with the same or improved performance while using significantly less energy.
iSAS is devoted to three main technology areas, aiming to save energy
• from the RF power with fast reactive tuners, smart LLRF system, optimized fundamental and HOM couplers,
• from the cryogenics, with Nb3Sn on Cu cavity operating at 4.5 K,
• from the beam, with energy-recovery linacs.
The project envisages three activities to introduce these technologies into the design of a sustainable LINAC cryomodule, into existing research facilities and into industrial solutions.

Speaker: Maud Baylac (Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie)

32 The tristron, a new paradigm in high-efficiency RF power generation

The tristron was already proposed many years ago but was never developed to a stage, where it could be mass produced. Based on IOTs, the tristron promises to achieve RF efficiencies above 90% for a wide frequency and power range. Building on the development of high-efficiency klystrons, CERN is proposing this new device as the power source of choice for future colliders like the FCC. The talk will focus on the conceptual design of the tristron and outline the development that is starting together with industry.

Speaker: Igor syratchev (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

33 Scale up in length of Nb3Sn accelerator magnets: the experience of MQXF coils

Future high-energy proton colliders will require high-field accelerator magnets beyond the capabilities of Nb-Ti technology. The Nb₃Sn quadrupole magnets developed for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade represent the first large-scale application of this technology in an operational accelerator. Following an extensive short-model R&D program—comprising about 40 coils and seven 1.5 m-long magnets—a full-scale prototyping phase established the basis for series production. The series fabrication phase is now nearing completion, with more than 120 coils of 4.5 m length produced within the US-Accelerator Upgrade Project and over 70 coils of 7.2 m length manufactured at CERN. This large-scale effort across several manufacturing sites provides a unique insight in the scalability of Nb₃Sn technology in terms of magnet length, production volume and throughput. We present an overview of the production timeline, learning curve, major non-conformities and process improvements focusing on coil fabrication.

Speaker: Susana Izquierdo Bermudez (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

34 Contributed 15

35 Contributed 16

36 Contributed 17

37 Contributed 18

Poster session

18:00 Main Reception

Wednesday 20 May

MC8 : Applications of Accelerators, Engagement with Industry, Technology Transfer and Outreach

38 Accelerator-based lithography and the Induction Storage Ring Light Source

Techniques for generating light with particle accelerators have so far proven difficult to industrialize. Accelerator-based light sources are typically housed at universities and national laboratories, which prioritize fundamental scientific discovery over economic and operational considerations like cost efficiency and 24/7 consistency. By contrast, EUV lithography in semiconductor manufacturing relies on laser-produced plasma (LPP) sources - a dependable but mature technology whose limited output power and inability to operate at shorter wavelengths constrain the industry. An accelerator-based EUV light source could be transformative for the industry, but efforts to date have yet to yield a practical solution. This talk reviews past and ongoing attempts to develop accelerator-based light sources for semiconductor manufacturing and introduces a concept under exploration at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory – the isochronous induction-cell storage ring - which may enable coherent emission of EUV light via steady-state microbunching (SSMB).

Speaker: Michael Ehrlichman (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

MC1 : Colliders and related accelerators (Invited)

39 A quarter century of RHIC – performance far beyond design

The BNL Relativistic Ion Collider (RHIC) started operation in 2000 with a program of high-energy ion collisions. A few years later a unique program with polarized proton collisions was added, and the following years the program expanded further and further with the Au-Au luminosity increasing to 44x of the Au-Au design using a with novel bunched beam stochastic cooling system, proton polarization to 56% at the highest energy, 12 different species combinations including 4 asymmetric ones, an extension of the energy range below the nominal injection energy for which the first bunched beam electron cooler was operated, and operational flexibility that allowed for more than 10 different modes in a single year.
We examine the path from the beginning to the end of the physics program in 2025 and outline the technical and other components and strategies to sustain a long and varied physics program. Parts of RHIC are now prepared for use in the Electron-Ion Collider.

Speaker: Michiko Minty (Brookhaven National Laboratory)

40 Near Resonance Polarization Modulation (NRPM), a Novel Method for High Precision Beam Energy Measurement in Storage Rings

We propose Near Resonance Polarization Modulation (NRPM), a novel method for high-precise beam energy measurement in storage rings. In this technique, a constant-frequency AC kicker is applied near the spin precession frequency, driving the beam spins coherently. The spin tune can be reliably extracted from the time-dependent polarization signal, enabling a very high-precision determination of the beam energy. Its performance has been demonstrated using the Future Circular Collider e+e- (FCC-ee) Z-pole lattice, exploring a range of configurations including AC kicker strengths and initial polarization levels. The method exhibits robustness against lattice imperfections. Compared to the traditional resonant depolarization (RDP) technique and the free spin precession (FP), NRPM offers significantly improved precision, greater tolerance to systematic uncertainties, and simplified operational procedures. Beyond the FCC-ee case study, NRPM is broadly applicable to high-precision energy determination in modern storage rings. The superior precision offered by this technique will significantly advance the state-of-the-art in beam energy measurement, with critical applications in high-energy physics and the measurement of fundamental constants.

Speaker: Yi Wu (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

MC4: Hadron Accelerators

41 Development and commissioning of normal conducting ion linacs: the INFN-LNL experience.

Normal conducting proton and ion linacs are vital components for applications in medical treatments, research, and industrial uses. As front-end of high-power proton linacs, they play a critical role in the initial acceleration and conditioning of the proton beam, setting the foundation for successful beam acceleration and high-power performance. INFN-LNL is engaged in different projects for development, construction and commissioning of Normal Conducting Linacs: the DTL of ESS Lund, the RFQ for the SPES facility at LNL, the CW RFQ for Lipac/IFMIF in Japan and the RFQ for IFMIF/DONES in Spain. More recently the group has been involved in the Next Generation EU project ANTHEM, for an accelerator based BNCT facility in Italy. The parallel development of these projects, although in various stages, has allowed a synergic application of common solutions between projects, the development of new tools for design and analysis, the optimization of experiences and lessons learned. Building on this experience, new ideas and applications have emerged, including the feasibility study of a compact accelerator-based neutron source and the "Alpha-DTL": a DTL-based linac for alpha particle acceleration at variable energy.

Speaker: Francesco Grespan (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

10:30 Coffee break

MC3 : Alternative Particle Sources and Acceleration Techniques

42 Controlled injection and acceleration of 10 GeV-class electron beams in a laser wakefield accelerator

We measure the high-intensity laser propagation throughout meter-scale, channel-guided laser-plasma accelerators by adjusting the length of the plasma channel on a shot-by-shot basis, showing high-quality guiding of 500 TW laser pulses over 30 cm in a hydrogen plasma of density 𝑛≈10^17  cm−3. We observed transverse energy transport of higher-order modes in the first ≈12  cm of the plasma channel, followed by quasimatched propagation, and the gradual, dark-current-free depletion of laser energy to the wake. We quantify the laser-to-wake transfer efficiency limitations of currently available petawatt-class lasers and demonstrate via simulation how control over the laser mode can significantly improve beam parameters. Using 21.3 J of laser energy, and triggering localized electron injection, we observed electron bunches with single, quasimonoenergetic peaks up to 9.2 GeV with charge extending beyond 10 GeV.
Reference:
Picksley et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 255001 (2024)

Speaker: Alex Picksley (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

43 Short-pulse driven photogun for very hard x-ray free-electron laser

High gradient radio frequency (rf) driven photoguns are photoemission electron sources that have important applications for accelerator-based instruments, such as light sources and electron microscopy. Numerous efforts have been made to push for even higher field gradient while suppressing rf breakdowns. We propose the Compressed Ultrashort Pulse Injector Demonstrator, a 1.6 cell photogun driven by nanosecond high power rf pulses to achieve high gradients with low breakdown rate. This photogun is powered by ultrashort pulses from a rf pulse compressor and a high power klystron. This presentation focuses on the work of the CUPID photogun for generating bright electron beams to drive x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) at 40 keV photons or higher. We first show the design of CUPID photogun, followed by its capability of bright beam generation when forming a photoinjector with a superconducting solenoid and downstream linacs. We then show start-to-end simulations of the existing LCLS copper accelerator free-electron laser with CUPID photogun as a drop-in replacement to demonstrate its improvement in delivering hard x-rays at mJ level pulse energy. Finally, we show preliminary high power rf testing of CUPID prototypes and plans for electron beam generation.

Speaker: Wei Hou Tan (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

44 A Portable Muon Source for artificial muon muography

Muography is a useful technology for non-destructive inspection of a large-scale structure. Muography with cosmic ray muons has limitations such as low rates, particularly low muon rates in the horizontal direction, and energy spreading, which require long observation times and limit its resolution. Worldwide, large structures such as bridges built during the economic development period of the 1950s-1960s have reached the end of their useful life, and the principle of preventive maintenance is being applied to save the resources, by understanding their interiors and renewing them with priority given to structures that have deteriorated. At this time, a technology of non-destructive inspection applicable to such large structures is required, and Muography using a portable artificial muons source is a promising candidate for this purpose. In this presentation, the results of the investigation of the portable artificial muon source will be presented.

Speaker: Masao Kuriki (Hiroshima University)

MC5 : Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields

45 Overview of crab cavities for light sources and particle colliders

RF systems for transverse deflection, also known as crab cavities, have been considered for many accelerator facilities in the last decade. This contribution reviews their application to storage ring light sources and colliders, both circular and linear. The constraints for the implementation of crab cavities in these accelerators and the technical challenges, with a focus on the recent advances in transverse deflecting superconducting cavities, are discussed.

Speaker: Rama Calaga (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

46 Beam Dynamics Challenges and Optics Development for the PERLE Multi-Turn ERL

PERLE is a high-current, multi-turn Energy Recovery Linac currently entering its construction phase, being developed as a demonstrator for advanced ERL technology and future high-power electron facilities. The staged construction and commissioning schedule foresees single-turn energy recovery in 2029, with full three-turn operation planned for 2031. Achieving these milestones requires an optics and beam-dynamics strategy that accommodates strong space-charge effects in the injector/merger, coherent synchrotron radiation in the arcs, and very tight loss tolerances characteristic of high-current ERLs.

We present PERLE’s current status and the latest optics design for the one-turn commissioning mode and the nominal three-turn configuration. The lattices are evaluated using multi-physics tracking to assess collective effects, error sensitivity, and operational stability. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying workable settings that support high-current transport and robust energy recovery across the different operational stages.

This contribution provides an update on construction and commissioning timelines, outlines the main beam-dynamics challenges for staged operation, and summarizes recent progress in optics development. The results contribute to defining the operational basis for PERLE and provide insight relevant to the design studies of future multi-turn ERL facilities.

Speaker: Alex Fomin (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab)

12:30 Lunch break

Engagement with Industry Session

MC2 : Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators

47 Commissioning and current status of High Energy Photon Source (HEPS)

The first 4th generation light source in China, HEPS, has been constructed and commissioned. The new light source is expected to produce the emittance of less than 100 pm.rad that can provide hard X-rays with the brilliance higher than 10^22 photons/sec/mm^2/mrad^2/0.1%B.W. In order to stably operate this ultra-low emittance ring, HEPS accommodated the advanced swap-out beam injection scheme, in which the kicked-out beams return to the booster synchrotron for reuse. This talk will present the current status of accelerator and beamline commissioning and future plan.

Speaker: Yuhui Dong (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

MC5 : Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields

48 Realization of High-Intensity Beams with Smaller Emittance Without a Transverse Feedback System

The RCS at J-PARC is a kicker-impedance-dominant machine, which exceeds the impedance budget from a classical viewpoint. However, we have achieved a 1-MW beam without any transverse feedback by fully utilizing the indirect space charge effect to suppress beam instabilities.
Although the indirect space charge effect is beneficial, the beam instability can still occur in a high-intensity beam with a smaller transverse emittance. To address this, we installed diode stacks and resistors at the ends of the four kicker power cables and have successfully conducted routine operations.
This approach theoretically opens the door to achieving high-quality, higher-intensity beams, including a 2-MW beam, as no transverse feedback is required.

Speaker: Yoshihiro Shobuda (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, Japan Atomic Energy Agency)

49 Contributed 31

50 Contributed 32

MC6 : Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback & Operation

51 AI and machine learning techniques for LNL accelerators

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in particle accelerator systems has become an effective strategy for handling complex operations and enhancing performance. At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories (INFN-LNL), both offline and online AI/ML-driven approaches have been developed to improve beam dynamics, reduce setup times, and increase overall accelerator efficiency.
Offline efforts focus on surrogate modeling of complex facilities such as ANTHEM BNCT and PIAVE-ALPI, as well as on virtual diagnostics implemented through supervised neural networks. By combining these tools with AI/ML optimization algorithms, new design and commissioning strategies are being studied to further enhance beam quality and operational performance.
In parallel, online real-time optimization strategies using Bayesian algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have delivered promising results. Notably, at the PIAVE-ALPI superconducting accelerator, the use of BO improved beam transmission to 85%, a remarkable increase from the typical 35% operational average. Together, these advances demonstrate the growing impact and future potential of AI/ML technologies in accelerator science and operations.

Speaker: Ysabella Kassandra Ong (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Poster session

Equal Opportunities

Thursday 21 May

MC2 : Photon Sources and Electron Accelerators

52 MAX 4U, an upgrade of the MAX IV 3 GeV ring.

The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring in Lund, Sweden, was the first implementation of a multibend achromat (MBA) lattice fourth-generation light source. Since it started delivery of light in 2016, three succeeding MBA-based rings and variants have come on-line: ESRF-EBS, Sirius and APS-U. Several others are being planned, designed, built or commissioned. All of these capitalize on the MBA concept and expand it to push the brightness and coherence performance even further. In order to continue to offer the Swedish and international scientific communities’ competitive tools beyond the end of this decade, MAX IV Laboratory launched in 2024 the conceptual design of MAX 4U, an upgrade of its 3 GeV storage ring aiming at an emittance below 100 pm.rad. This performance boost is to be achieved through a minimum-interference upgrade in which localized interventions in selected subsystems and components are carefully chosen to provide the maximum performance increase with minimum cost and, equally important, minimum dark time for the MAX IV user community. In 2025, the conceptual design report (CDR) is published, and the focus in 2026 is to elaborate on the solutions identified for this upgrade through the Technical Design Report (TDR), to be published in 2027. This contribution describes the latest developments in accelerator physics and engineering aspects of the MAX 4U design.

Speaker: Eshraq Al-Dmour (MAX IV Laboratory)

53 First lasing and stable operation of a direct amplification enabled harmonic generation free electron laser

High repetition-rate, short wavelength and fully coherent free electron lasers can open up new possibilities in research frontiers in high-resolution serial coherent diffraction imaging and time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopies. At present, soft x-ray external seeded FELs can hardly reach over 10 kHz repetition-rate due to the limited external seed laser power. In our recent experiment, we demonstrated the first lasing and stable operation of a direct amplification enabled harmonic generation free electron laser. In which a rather weak initial ultraviolet seed laser of only ~3 MW peak power was employed and amplified several tens of times in a long modulator. Together the electron beam was highly energy modulated and later was converted into density modulation in the dispersion section. Effective microbunching was then formed and coherent high harmonic radiation up to the 12th harmonic of the seed laser was then obtained in the following radiator. We also successfully achieved the saturated FEL lasing at the 7th harmonic. DEHG-FEL has been demonstrated as a robust external seeded FEL mode which can significantly reduce the required seed laser power and hence enable high repetition-rate operation. And it’s particularly suitable for seeding with short-wavelength high-order harmonic generation pulses from noble gases to extend soft x-ray external seeded FELs to new wavelength domains.

Speaker: Zheng Qi (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

54 Demonstration of mode-locked frequency comb for an x-ray free-electron laser

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are powerful photon sources offering a wide wavelength range, subfemtosecond pulse duration, and high brightness. Most X-ray FELs are based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). SASE-FEL radiation has excellent transverse but only limited longitudinal or temporal coherence, with power and spectral profiles consisting of multiple randomly distributed spikes. In this contribution, we present the first experimental demonstration of mode-locked SASE, which generates periodic trains of phase-locked subfemtosecond pulses, thus providing an X-ray analog of the optical frequency comb. Our approach combines the mode-coupled SASE scheme, where magnetic chicanes between the undulator modules of the FEL increase the coherence of the output radiation, and an external optical laser that restricts the FEL amplification to periodic and short regions of the electron bunch. The work relies on evidence in the frequency and time domains for photons and electrons, respectively, and will benefit investigations of ultrafast dynamics as well as coherent spectroscopy, and enable new types of experiments requiring phase-correlated X-ray pulses.

Speaker: Wenxiang Hu (Paul Scherrer Institute, ETH Zurich)

MC3 : Alternative Particle Sources and Acceleration Techniques

55 Laser Plasma Accelerated Proton Bunches surpassing 100 MeV

Improved control of high intensity laser beam parameters on target recently enabled laser accelerated proton bunches with energies beyond 100 MeV, dose-controlled irradiation of biological samples, and the demonstration of FEL gain based on laser wakefield acceleration of electrons.
This presentation focuses on the chain of developments at the Petawatt laser DRACO at Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf that enabled the first dose controlled systematic irradiation of tumors in mice with laser accelerated protons as well as record proton energies. Details on acceleration mechanisms and strategies to increase stability and energy will be discussed as well as beam transport by means of a dedicated pulsed solenoid beamline to a secondary target together with online metrology and dosimetry. In parallel, improved control of interaction parameters together with different types of targets operated close to relativistic induced transparency enabled the exploitation of acceleration mechanisms surpassing target normal sheath acceleration. Here, proton energies well beyond 100 MeV could be reached as well as target readiness demonstrated for increased repetition rate operation.

Speaker: Ulrich Schramm (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf)

10:30 Coffee break

MC4: Hadron Accelerators

56 Progress and status of high intensity heavy ion accelerator facility (HIAF) in China

HIAF is one of the next generation heavy ion accelerators under construction in China. It is composed of a superconducting ion linear accelerator, a high-energy synchrotron booster, a high-energy radioactive isotope beam line, an experimental storage ring and multiple experimental setups. Characterized by unprecedented intense ion beams from hydrogen through uranium, HIAF can produce a large variety of exotic nuclear matters not normally found on the earth and will bring researchers to the forefront of promoting the most vigorous and fascinating fields in nuclear physics. During the construction of HIAF, extensive R&D efforts have achieved a major breakthrough in fast-cycle acceleration through innovative technological solutions. Currently, most components have completed production and fabrication. The civil engineering and infrastructure have been completed. The facility has entered the installation phase. The accelerator equipment installation is 95% complete. The integrated commissioning of the power supply and magnet systems is in progress. The vacuum of BRing and SRing has reached 10^-12mbar. The first beam has been delivered by the combination of SECR and RFQ in August 2024. The Day One experiment is expected to be made by the end of 2025. The details of the HIAF status and progress will be given in this report.

Speaker: Jiancheng Yang (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

57 Beam commissioning and upgrade progress for the CSNS-II RCS

For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) accumulates and accelerates the injection beam to the design energy of 1.6 GeV and then extracts the high energy beam to the target. In this paper, firstly, the beam commissioning of the RCS have been comprehensively studied, including new injection system commissioning, longitudinal dynamics optimization, beam instability mitigation, tune optimization, closed orbit correction, beam loss optimization, bayesian optimization and so on. In order to meet the requirements of beam power increase and stable operation of the CSNS accelerator, the RCS beam losses from different sources are studied and optimized. With the aid of weekly radiation dose measurement, the hot spots of the RCS are studied in depth to explore the causes and find the solutions. Secondly, as the second phase of the CSNS, CSNS-II will achieve a beam power on the target of 500 kW. The injection energy of CSNS-II will be increased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the injection beam power will be increased about 20 times. In this paper, the challenges and solutions of the CSNS-II RCS will be introduced and the upgrade of the RCS will be studied. Based on the detailed simulation results and beam experimental results, the upgrade schemes of the critical systems for the CSNS RCS has been proven feasible.

Speaker: Ming-Yang Huang (Institute of High Energy Physics)

58 Plasma-Assisted Space-Charge Neutralization for High-Current Cyclotron Axial Injection Using Beam-Ionized H2 and Kr Gas

High-current compact cyclotrons are fundamentally constrained by strong space-charge forces during axial injection, where low-energy proton beams experience rapid transverse expansion before entering the spiral inflector. We present a novel plasma-assisted neutralization module designed as a compact, drop-in device installed between the final solenoid and the inflector entrance. The concept employs a short solenoid enclosing a controlled-pressure beamline cell, in which residual $H_{2}$ gas or a small admixture of $Kr$ is ionized directly by a 30~keV, multi-milliampere proton beam to form a confined plasma column. Biased end-electrodes trap electrons and accelerate the build-up of space-charge compensation, enabling effective neutralization on sub-0.1~ms timescales. Krypton seeding, with its larger ionization cross section, provides faster transient response and improved stability for pulsed or ramped injection conditions. Initial analytic estimates and particle-in-cell simulations indicate substantial reduction of effective perveance and transverse blow-up, while adding only minimal multiple scattering over the short transport length. The proposed module offers a flexible and compact method to enhance injection efficiency in milliampere-class proton cyclotrons and provides a platform for detailed studies of beam–plasma interaction in strongly space-charge-dominated, low-energy transport. Design considerations, parameter ranges, and predicted performance are presented.

Speaker: Chong Shik Park (Korea University Sejong Campus)

MC6 : Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback & Operation

59 Overview of the Beam Position Monitors Development for the Next Generation Light Sources

The development of Beam Position Monitors (BPMs), and particularly the design of the button pickup, is critically important with the new generation of Synchrotron Light Sources. Specifically, the miniaturization of the vacuum pipe and the broadening of the beam spectrum present special challenges for the button's design to meet the superior stability requirements demanded by new feedback systems. This paper will address trends and challenges in BPM design for new light sources, covering material compatibility, precision manufacturing challenges, and the importance of prototyping and testing.

Speaker: Laura Torino (ALBA Synchrotron (Spain))

60 Development of a new ultraslow muon beam diagnostic system for the J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment

The E34 experiment at J-PARC MLF aims to precisely measure the positive muon's anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment.

Two technical challenges are critical. First, the ultraslow muon source (from muon cooling) must achieve its target intensity ($10^6 \mu^+/\text{sec}$) and low-emittance ($\epsilon_{x, \text{rms,normalized}}: \sim 0.3 \pi [\text{mm}\cdot\text{mrad}], \epsilon_{y, \text{rms,normalized}}: \sim 0.1 \pi [\text{mm}\cdot\text{mrad}]$). Second, the low-energy (5.7 keV) beam is highly sensitive to ambient magnetic fields and must be matched to the accelerator's acceptance with <10% accuracy, requiring active trajectory correction while preventing emittance growth.

To verify these conditions—muon source property and beam matching—we developed a new ultraslow muon beam diagnostic system.
In this system, the control section uses electrode pairs to actively correct the beam trajectory, which is sensitive to ambient fields. The transport section removes background particles (using an electrostatic mirror and bending magnet) and focuses the beam (using electrostatic quadrupoles). The measurement section uses the Q-scan method to measure the beam property.

Simulations were used to optimize the system for 100% transport efficiency and <10% emittance measurement accuracy. Subsequent commissioning confirmed the system is ready for the quality evaluation of the beam in the new experimental area.
This poster will discuss the simulation and commissioning results.

Speaker: Mayu Wada (The University of Tokyo)

61 Achieve a record dynamic range of halo diagnostics with a novel fluorescence wire concept

Achieving sustainable beam operation in high-power accelerators requires careful control and minimization of halo-particle-induced beam loss. To accomplish this, it is important to have a clear understanding of the halo-particle distribution. While state-of-the-art instruments can achieve a dynamic range of ~10^6 with counting readout schemes, a novel fluorescence wire scanner combined with a conventional metal wire has recently been proposed and demonstrated at CSNS. This new approach has achieved a sensitivity at the single-particle level and a dynamic range of over 10^8. A 100x1x0.15 mm^3 fluorescence wire has been prepared, which has demonstrated excellent light yield and radiation hardness. By capturing fluorescence images with a general CMOS camera in a dark environment, a new record dynamic range of more than 10^8 has been achieved. Continue efforts on optimizing the fluorescence wire, observation system, and sensor hold promise for further improvements in dynamic range and sensitivity.

Speaker: Renjun Yang (Institute of High Energy Physics)

12:30 Lunch break

Award Session

Entertainment Session

Poster session

18:00 Conference Banquet

Friday 22 May

MC5 : Beam Dynamics and Electromagnetic Fields

62 Beam Dynamics in the SNS Linac and Beam Test Facility

The speaker has experience in the modeling and measurement of high-intensity beams, including the SNS linac and BTF. Dynamics of halo formation and losses in the linac could be discussed. In addition to the unique status of SNS as the premier US intensity-frontier facility, the BTF has unique high dynamic range phase space diagnostics that enable detailed benchmarking of phase space details against numerical modeling (in pyORBIT), making it an ideal facility for code validation of 4D/5D phase space distributions against precision measurements. (The proposed speaker gave a talk on benchmarking in the BTF at ICAP'24.)

Speaker: Kiersten Ruisard (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)

MC6 : Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback & Operation

63 From femtosecond to attosecond RF field control

In the past two decades, RF controls have improved by two orders in
magnitude achieving meanwhile sub-10 fs phase stabilities and 10e-4
amplitude precision. Analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs) are the main
limitation for further increase in detector resolution. Alternative
architectures are therefore needed to overcome this limitation. The
presented work covers a novel application of the suppressed-carrier
detector, which extends conventional heterodyne receivers and improves
the residual time jitter of the regulated RF-field in the cavity far
below 1 fs. A practical implementation of the proposed principle is
presented. The setup was used to drive a superconducting RF cavity at
1.3 GHz frequency at a Cryo Module Test Bench (CMTB) at a gradient of
8MV/m. The measured out-of-loop residual time jitter of the RF field
was 189 as (10Hz to 1MHz). The limiting factors of the setup have been
identified by feeding the measurements to a system model. In conclusion,
a general discussion about future steps is presented.

Speaker: Frank Ludwig (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY)

64 Intelligent scientific facility R&D: AI/ML developments at SLAC MeV-UED

SLAC MeV-UED is part of LCLS scientific user facility and has enabled unprecedented opportunities in the studies of ultrafast structural dynamics in a variety of gas, liquid and solid-state systems. To remain at the scientific and technical forefront, continuing enhancements to the facility and operations are needed. In this talk, we will describe developments of intelligent scientific facility at SLAC MeV-UED using state-of-the-art AI/ML techniques. Multi-objective Bayesian active learning was demonstrated for speeding up online beam tunings and giving trade-offs between key beam properties of interest. Two-stage constrained Bayesian optimization was conducted for improving valid data efficiency and enable PF learning with minimal human inputs. Meanwhile, smart decision-making algorithms are being developed for fast data analysis, autonomous sample explorations and efficient temporal domain sampling. In all, these developments will enable autonomous facility operations, maximize scientific outputs and open new areas in ultrafast science.

Speaker: Fuhao Ji (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

65 Progress in Data-Driven Beam Diagnostics within LIV.INNO

The Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training for Innovation in Data Intensive Science (LIV.INNO) continues to make significant progress in developing precision diagnostics for accelerator facilities. This contribution presents recent results from four projects that collectively demonstrate how data-intensive methods, advanced modelling and modern instrumentation can enhance measurements under challenging conditions.

It will be shown how detailed studies into detector dead time, after-pulsing and timing for the LHC Longitudinal Density Monitor provide quantified error budgets and mitigation strategies that improve satellite and ghost bunch measurements; how a comprehensive evaluation of multimode-fiber imaging techniques offers practical guidance on model selection, robustness and achievable accuracy for radiation-tolerant transverse profile diagnostics; how measurements of optical transition radiation (OTR) from low-energy electrons can be used to establish clear dependencies on target roughness and incidence angle, and how this allows experiment optimization; how the LHC Beam Gas Curtain has developed into a reliable, minimally invasive beam monitor, used for monitor calibration and machine optimization.

In addition, this contribution will also give an overview of the comprehensive LIV.INNO training, its recent and forthcoming events, and show how structured skills development and collaboration across science, healthcare, industry and sustainability drive innovation.

Speaker: Prof. Carsten Welsch (University of Liverpool)

10:30 Coffee break

MC0 : closing session

66 Review of inverse Compton scattering sources and research paths towards fundamental physics studies

Inverse Compton Scattering sources are becoming a mature technology world-wide, enabling several applications in many fields, from medical imaging to cultural heritage, to palaeontology, material studies and bio-physics. Very recently ICS has been proposed also for fundamental studies in the Unruh sector via the Full Inverse Compton Scattering
process, leading to maximal acceleration (10^30 m/s2) and the observation of MeV Unruh photons by the accelerated electron. After a review of present ICS, in operation or close to commissioning, we will discuss the anticipated and expected performances in the FICS modality, that enables also a very relevant application in the generation of high
energy photons, i.e. with same energy as the emitting electrons. Opening a strategic way towards high energy photon sources based on GeV and multi-GeV accelerators. Practical examples will be presented connected to plasma accelerators, high energy storage rings, Linacs driving FELs.

Speaker: Vittoria Petrillo (University of Milano-Bicocca)

67 Machine learning for design and control of particle accelerators: A look backward and forward

Particle accelerators are extremely complex machines that are challenging to simulate, design, and control. Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have made dramatic advancements across various scientific and industrial domains, and rapid improvements have been made in the availability and power of computing resources. These developments have begun to revolutionize the way particle accelerators are designed and controlled, and AI/ML techniques are beginning to be incorporated into regular operations for accelerators. This article provides a high-level overview of the history of AI/ML in accelerators and highlights current developments along with contrasting discussion about traditional methods for accelerator design and control. Areas of current technological challenges in developing reliable AI/ML methods are also discussed along with future research directions.

Speaker: Auralee Edelen (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory)

68 The European Research Roadmap on Concepts and Technologies for Accelerators

The European accelerator R&D Roadmap for the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) outlines the path towards future large-scale particle physics facilities, involving five R&D panels. Two of them cover technologies: a program for High Field Magnet (HFM) developments, and one on RF systems including RF sources and variants of s.c. and n.c. structures. The other three programs are covering advanced concepts: plasma wakefield acceleration, muon colliders and energy recovery linacs. These concepts have potential advantages over the classical collider concepts, but they are associated with a need for significant R&D as well as with increased complexity. Launched in 2022 the first phase of the roadmap will conclude in 2026. This presentation will motivate the different research topics, describe the progress made in implementing these, the successes achieved and the priority activities proposed, which will form the basis of the future R&D programme.

Speaker: Mike Seidel (Paul Scherrer Institute)

Closing Remarks

13:00 Lunch break

Laboratory Tour