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Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is a technique for adaptive feed forward control of electro-mechanical plant that either performs programmed periodic behavior or rejects quasi-periodic disturbances. ILC can suppress particle-beam RF-loading transients in RF cavities for acceleration. This paper, for the first time, explains the structural causes of ``bad learning transients'' for causal and noncausal learning in terms of their eigen-system properties. This paper underscores the fundamental importance of the linear weighted-sums of the column elements of the iteration matrix in determining convergence, and the relation to the convergence of sum of squares. This paper explains how to apply the z-transform convergence criteria to causal and noncausal learning. These criteria have an enormous advantage over the matrix formulation because the algorithm scales as N^2 (or smaller) versus N^3, where N is the length of the column vector containing the time series. Finally, the paper reminds readers that there are also wave-like (soliton) solutions of the ILC equations that may occur even when all convergence criteria are satisfied. Illustrative examples are provided.
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