Speaker
Description
Next-generation storage rings require low emittance and high brilliance, demanding quadrupole magnets with high gradients and stringent multipole field quality. Conventional electromagnetic quadrupoles (EMQs) consume substantial electrical power and require cooling systems due to Joule heating under high-current operation. To address this, a tunable permanent magnet quadrupole (PMQ) allowing continuous gradient adjustment without an external power supply was designed. Design variables and constraints were defined to obtain a pole shape with suppressed multipole components. NSGA-II multi-objective optimization was performed using 1/|B2| and |B6/B2| as objective functions, identifying the optimal pole shape from the elite solutions. The optimized pole shape satisfied the field quality criteria for next-generation storage rings, including allowed multipole components of |Bn/B2| ≤ 5 × 10⁻⁴, forbidden multipole components of |Bn/B2| ≤ 5 × 10⁻⁵, and a field uniformity of 0.1% at r_{ref} = 3 mm. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a high-quality, variable-gradient PMQ eliminating power and cooling requirements.
Funding Agency
This work was supported in part by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Ministry of Education under Grant RS-2023-00247042
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