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This work extends the Maximum Entropy Tomography (MENT) framework from linear to nonlinear beam transport. This nonlinear MENT method enables high-accuracy phase space reconstruction where nonlinear effects are significant, such as for the intrinsically nonlinear longitudinal dynamics in RF hadron linacs and in front ends where elements exhibit large, overlapping fringe fields.
Following numerical verification, the method was successfully applied to reconstruct the full 4D transverse phase space in the MEBT of the CAFE2 accelerator at IMP. Coupling information was acquired via quadrupole scans with the perpendicular-scan technique, and the reconstruction explicitly incorporated nonlinear transport effects. The results show significantly improved agreement with measured data compared to a linear model, thereby validating nonlinear MENT as a general framework and demonstrating its value as a practical tool for high-fidelity diagnostics. This capability is crucial for precise beam prediction and control, with direct applications in modern hadron linacs and potential utility in other accelerator domains.
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