Speaker
Description
The ability to resolve electronic motion on attosecond timescales is central to advancing ultrafast science. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) with attosecond electron pulses offers a direct route to this goal, yet generating such pulses at relativistic energies remains challenging. Here, we investigate a two-color laser modulation scheme for producing attosecond electron pulse trains via velocity bunching. Three-dimensional particle-tracking simulations show that the two-color laser fields form a copropagating traveling-wave modulation that imposes optical-cycle-scale energy modulation on a relativistic electron beam, leading to the formation of a train of attosecond microbunches. Including space-charge effects reveals a trade-off between bunch charge and temporal compression, whereby higher charge reduces the modulation amplitude and broadens the microbunch duration. Using the HUST-UED facility as a representative platform, we systematically analyze the key parameters governing attosecond beam formation. Our results establish two-color laser modulation as a viable route to attosecond electron beams and provide a pathway toward extending MeV UED into the attosecond regime.
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