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The IPHI RFQ, designed at CEA in the early 2000s and commissioned in 2016, was the first RFQ developed at CEA. It accelerates a 100 mA beam up to 3 MeV at high duty cycle. Subsequent RFQ projects (SPIRAL2, LINAC4, ESS) enabled improvements in RFQ design and modeling.
Based on this experience, an upgrade of the IPHI accelerator has been investigated to increase beam energy and improve efficiency. The proposed design is a 6 m long, four-vane RFQ, divided into six 1 m sections, constrained to operate with the existing RF amplifiers (352.21 MHz, 1.8 MW peak power, 70% duty cycle).
Under these conditions, RF power losses in the cavity walls reach about 1 MW and must be removed by a cooling system. The spatial distribution of the cooling channels impacts thermal expansion, leading to local deformations and associated cavity detuning. These effects must be controlled to ensure the electric field distribution remains consistent with beam dynamics requirements.
This paper presents the method used to optimize the cooling channel layout and its impact on RF performance. The final design achieves a detuning below 20 kHz and an intervane voltage error below 0.1%.
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