Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary targeted radiotherapy technique that exploits the high neutron-capture cross-section of Boron-10. The treatment planning system (TPS) is the essential component of the BNCT system used to make treatment plans for patients, which can simulate the treatment process, adjust the parameters in the irradiation process and calculate the dose in the...
Traditional safety management models for cyclotron operation and experiments, which address potential risks such as radiation safety, personal safety, and equipment safety, suffer from issues like information silos, insufficient dynamic response, and regulatory blind spots. This paper proposes and preliminarily designs a safety management system architecture based on "spatio-temporal full...
- Introduction.
Germanium-68 (68Ge,T1/2=270.9 d) serves as a crucial precursor for the 68Ge/68Ga generator, which provides radionuclide gallium-68 (68Ga, T1/2=67.7 min). The present study aimed to develop an efficient and automated methodology for the separation and purification of 68Ge from the irradiated Ga-Ni alloy targets. - Method
The Ga-Ni alloy targets were dissolved in a mixture...
An axial injection system has been developed for the CIM30 cyclotron, which is designed to accelerate α-particles up to 30 MeV for medical isotope production of At-211. This system transports a 50–60 keV α-beam from an external ion source into the cyclotron center. Both transverse and longitudinal focusing are applied to ensure high beam extraction efficiency and quality. The injection line...
Conventional superconducting H₂⁺ cyclotrons are inherently limited in variable energy extraction, as the stripped particles spiral inward, constraining both trajectory control and beam quality. To meet the increasing demand for high-intensity, variable-energy beams across a wide range—particularly for applications in medical isotope production and proton FLASH therapy—this study presents the...
The China Institute of Atomic Energy is developing an ultra-compact multi-particle superconducting cyclotron, which can provide two different ions, including a particle and H_2^+ with corresponding energies. To ensure convenient operation and stabilize the beam current, a PLC-based control system with comprehensive interlock protection has been developed. This paper presents the design of a...
At the CYC2022 conference, IBA presented its new 30 MeV proton accelerator. The first installation of this Cyclone® IKON, with four beam transmission lines and a beam energy of 30 down to 13 MeV, has now successfully been commissioned and is running at a customer site.
In this presentation we will go into the details of the accelerator’s performance, from its injection to its transmission,...
Focusing on high-power radio-frequency systems for ultra-lightweight high-temperature superconducting cyclotrons in special environments, we aim to make breakthroughs in key technologies that restrict the improvement of radio-frequency system reliability for highly automated cyclotrons. Research has been conducted on direct power combining technology and dynamic matching adjustment for...
Focusing on the high precision dose distribution monitoring in the spot scan beam delivery system of proton therapy, we design and fabricate a high-precision ionization chamber with multiple strip electrodes, ensuring a stable gain from the ionized pair. Based on advanced laser etching technology, using aluminum-plated polyimide film as the electrode material, we investigated multiple...
The China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has de-veloped a multipurpose, high-intensity 18 MeV/1 mA cyclotron (CYCIAE-18) for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) applications and neutron imaging studies. The degree of beam homogenisation directly affects the uniformity of the dose distribution and the imaging contrast. In order to confirm that the pre-experimental condi-tions have been met,...
In medical isotope production, target materials for dif-ferent isotopes exhibit significantly different physical properties. To improve nuclear reaction yield and effi-ciency, target structures of various specifications are required to produce different radioisotopes. However, multi-specification targets hinder automated production and increase on-site operation time. To reduce personnel...
Ever since the first non-classical isochronous cyclotron was invented in 1956, the stability of the isochronism of this kind of accelerator has been pursued for decades. For the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron, the matching between the RF frequency and the magnet field is even more challenging. A dedicated 2nd harmonic resonator has been designed, manufactured, and installed on the...
Beamline magnets are essential parts of an accelerator system in order to ensure final beam quality on the target. Thus it is necessary to conduct magnetic field measurement and shimming to ensure that ever magnet has sufficient field accuracy. CIAE is vigorously promoting the industrialization of cyclotrons and the promotion of design capabilities for other types of particle accelerator. In...
Abstract: In Huludao a new base for the development center of the cyclotron is about to be built by China Institute of Atomic Energy. Two cyclotrons will be built in this facility. To prevent received overdose of radiation during the operation and commissioning, we designed a set of radiation monitoring and safety system for the machine. This system serves to protect the operating personnel...
This paper presents a comprehensive design study of the H⁻ injection line system for an 18 MeV compact high-current cyclotron. The injection line system, with a total length of 1310 mm, employs a configuration incorporating dual solenoids for transverse focusing and a buncher for longitudinal bunching. Beam transport design and space charge effect simulations were performed using specialized...
To bridge the gap between conventional X-ray tubes and large-scale X-ray generation facilities, we have developed a Desktop Hard X-ray Source. This device provides higher X-ray intensity compared with traditional X-ray tubes while maintaining advantages of compactness, low cost, and ease of operation. The device consists of three main components: an injector, a beam transport line, and a...
Abstract
The Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) system is crucial for amplitude and phase control in modern parti-cle accelerators. Traditional amplitude and phase de-modulation methods often require the sampling frequen-cy to be multiple of the high-frequency signal, leading to limited general applicability. To address this issue, this paper proposes a generic tuning control method,...
The development of a 100 MeV Spiral-Sector cyclotron, which is capable of extracting a beam with a rated power exceeding 50 kW, is in progress at The China Institute of Atomic Energy. Such a machine is designed for the production of medical radioisotopes for nuclear medicine. The basic parameters of the isochronous cyclotron magnet and its characteristics are described. An isochronous magnetic...
Modern compact cyclotrons have multiple system components and are used for isotope research, neutron imaging and BNCT. All these applications demand that the cyclotron possesses high reliability. Focusing on the series of compact high-current cyclotrons of the China Institute of Atomic Energy, a control system architecture is constructed in this paper, which effectively improves the stability...
To address the beam diagnostics requirements of multiple cyclotrons at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), a multi-channel digital beam diagnostics electronics system based on current-to-voltage (IV) conversion was developed. The IV conversion circuit integrates high-precision operational amplifiers with ultra-low bias current and low-temperature-drift resistors. The system implements a...
Abstract:
To address the beam diagnostics requirements of multiple cyclotrons at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), a multi-channel digital beam diagnostics electronics system based on current-to-voltage (I/V) conversion was developed. The I/V conversion circuit integrates high-precision operational amplifiers featuring ultra-low bias current and low-temperature-drift resistors....
In this study, we investigated the feasibility of accelerating helium ions with the COLUMBUS educational cyclotron, which until now had been operated exclusively with hydrogen ions. The primary questions addressed were whether helium ions can be successfully accelerated under the existing experimental conditions, and whether He-3 ions can be detected in the beam.
These questions were first...
Sichuan Longevous Beamtech is currently developing a tri-particle cyclotron LB-30TP. The LB-30TP cyclotron is designed to be able to accelerate protons(H-) between 13 and 35MeV, deuterons(D-) between 6.5 and 17.5MeV, and alpha particles(He2+) up to 30MeV.
To compensate the difference of relativistic effects between H- and D- beams, two sets of tuning coils are winded around each pole base,...
To increase the beam transmission efficiency, a new buncher has been installed on the injection line of the HIRFL injector cyclotron SFC. This new buncher uses saw-tooth RF waveform with an effective voltage of up to 2.54 kV and operates at half of the SFC cyclotron RF frequency. With this half-frequency matching mode, we achieve 100% theoretical longitudinal matching between the injector SFC...
It is inevitable to carry out beam diagnostics inside the superconducting cyclotron used for proton therapy at the application site. Radial probe plays an essential role in the field of beam diagnostics for SC cyclotrons. Years of efforts have been put forward by a group in the China Institute of Atomic Energy, focusing on advancing the beam diagnostics probe and readout electronics for the...
Compact cyclotrons need kilovolt Radiofrequency in the MHz range, yet product changeovers increasingly demand drives that can retune frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle. We report the design and experimental validation of a high-voltage, low-MHz transformer/matching network tailored for a digitally synthesized, soft-square Class-D driver. The method co-optimizes magnetizing inductance,...
The 30 MeV Karaj-C30 cyclotron, developed for medical and industrial radioisotope production at the Karaj Research Institute for Agricultural, Medical, and Industrial Studies, accelerates H- ions to 15–30 MeV and D- ions below 15 MeV. The system features a filament-based negative hydrogen multicusp ion source providing 1–2 mA, an injection line with optical elements, a two-sector...
Abstract:
Superconducting ring cyclotrons (SRCs) are widely studied as drivers in accelerator-driven systems (ADS) for thorium-based molten-salt energy amplifiers, owing to their capability of delivering high-energy and high-intensity beams. This poster presents the magnet system design of an H₂⁺ superconducting separated-sector cyclotron with an extracted beam energy of 800 MeV/amu for ADS...
In the previous cyclotron conference, an analytical prediction for the energy limit of isochronous cyclotrons was presented. The current paper shows numerical results to validate this model. For this purpose, extensive use is made of a tool that creates artificial isochronous magnetic field maps; a tool that is the subject of another contribution to this conference. A wide range of field maps...
This paper presents preliminary steps for the shimming of IRANCYC-10 cyclotron magnet. Shimming, as a crucial step in magnet fabrication, significantly contributes to improving particle acceleration quality, beam stability, and the precision of output energy. Since some shimming procedures—such as pole edge trimming—are irreversible, they require a high degree of accuracy. In this study, the...
Magnetic alloy-loaded RF cavities are critical components in scaling Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) accelerators, enabling ultra-high acceleration gradients and broad frequency operation without tuning. As FFAG accelerators advance toward higher power applications, enhanced cavity performance through improved magnetic core design becomes essential. Current large-scale magnetic cores...
A cylindrically symmetric magnetic inflector is a promising approach for high energy axial beam injection into cyclotrons. In our previous study, a conceptual design for an H2+ cyclotron demonstrated the feasibility of such an inflector. In this work, we derive parameterization formulas to optimize the inflector field and discuss the injection conditions under different field configurations....
As a high-end scientific research instrument, the stability, reliability, and safe operation of a particle cyclotron accelerator are crucial. Traditional on-site control methods limit the flexibility of researchers, especially when timely responses to equipment status or long-term experiments are required. This study aims to design and implement a remote monitoring system for the particle...
Nowadays, there are almost 5 million new patients every year who get cancer in China. However isotope drugs are not enough according to this large numbers of patients. A compact cyclotron with 16-MeV proton is designed for current tough situation to product isotopes.
The diameter of the core part of this compact cyclotron is less than 60 cm. Physics simulation has been done by the CODE...
This paper presents beam dynamics studies for the CSNS-FFAG accelerator, designed for 50kW proton beams at 25Hz repetition rate. We report on orbit correction and betatron tune measurement methods developed for this fixed-field alternating gradient machine.
The research program of Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR) in the synthesis of Super Heavy Elements and in applied research requires the production of intense accelerated beams of solid materials. Constant developments are being made to broaden the range of available beams for physics.
In this paper we report the results of production Ti ion beams by plasma sputtering. The...
A superconducting cyclotron-based proton therapy system has been developed at the Chengdu Cyclotron Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (CCST). For a cyclotron-based proton therapy system, the ion chamber at the nozzle is crucial for both the therapy system and the adaptation of the planning system. In practice, to achieve low noise measurement, the existing system is equipped with 256 triaxial...
To monitor the beam energy and transverse distribution of the 50 MeV proton cyclotron facility in Huairou, a fixed-spacing strip ionization chamber is planned for development. Based on factors affecting the measurement accuracy of flat-panel ionization chambers, Monte Carlo simulation software such as Geant4 and Srim was employed to calculate parameters including energy deposition and particle...
Medical cyclotrons are widely used in cancer treatment,nuclear medicine imaging,biophysical research,and other fields,all of which require stable and safe operation.To meet the long-term stable operational requirements of a 14MeV medical cyclotron,a control system for the cyclotron was designed and implemented.This paper first introduces the overall architecture of the control system,followed...
Ultra-compact SC cyclotrons for high-intensity medical isotope production pose unprecedented central region design challenges. Strong magnetic fields, compact geometry, and intense space charge effects generate complex focusing conditions where conventional design approaches prove inadequate. In the central region, magnetic focusing is negligible due to minimal azimuthal field variation, while...
In order to enhance the coating quality of tantalum-based electroplated nickel targets for the production of ⁶⁴Cu radionuclides, and to address issues such as thin and easily detachable nickel coatings in conventional targets, this study systematically investigated the pretreatment processes of tantalum substrates, the composition of the plating bath, and electroplating parameters. The effects...
China Institute of Atomic Energy is upgrading the injection line of the 100MeV high current compact H- cyclotron (CYCIAE-100) with the aim of extracting mA level beam from the cyclotron to meet growing scientific research and commercial application demands, ultimately aiming to establish the world's highest beam power cyclotron facility. The buncher upgrade represents a critical component of...
High-abundance stable isotopes of nickel possess broad applications and significant demand, which can be prepared using the electromagnetic separation method. The core equipment of an electromagnetic separator for isotope separation is the ion source. To improve the heating efficiency of the traditional Calutron ion source, an electromagnetically induced heating-type ion source is designed....
Ultra-compact multi-particle SC cyclotron being developed by CIAE is intended to be a high intensity cyclotron, especially for H2+ particle and particle acceleration. Two half-wavelength RF cavities are installed in the valleys of the main magnet independently. The high dynamic beam loading requires high reliability and robust for RF cavity. The structural design and machining process for...
Achieving the design goal of a collision luminosity of 1035 cm-2s-1 for the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) poses a critical challenge in optimizing the performance of the injected positron damping ring. This damping ring must damp a 1 GeV positron beam with a large injected transverse emittance (>1400 nm·rad) to an extracted transverse emittance below 11...
Particle therapy gantries are essential for modern radiation therapy, requiring precise beam spot control to ensure dose delivery accuracy during multi-angle irradiation. However, gantry rotation alters the relative positions of optical components, affecting beam spot characteristics. Current solutions each offer distinct advantages under different system conditions. A unified theoretical...
The China Institute of Atomic Energy is developing a 30 MeV high-current cyclotron. To meet the injection requirements of the accelerator, this paper presents the injection line design and particle tracking simulation calculations. The injection line employs a combination of electromagnetic lenses for beam focusing. The overall injection field spans 1.19 m and consists of electrostatic lenses,...
The study of radiation effects and radiation-hardening technology has become increasingly demanding for modern proton cyclotrons in the middle energy range. To meet this requirement, the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) has designed and constructed a dedicated irradiation terminal downstream of the beamline, following the telescope section, for the CYCIAE-230 superconducting cyclotron...
A neutron source based on the 18 MeV cyclotron is designed for thermal neutron imagine. A groove is usually designed at the thermal neutron exit to improve the thermal neutron flux. To further improve the thermal neutron flux and decrease the gamma in the neutron beam, some cerium sticks are placed in the neutron port. Because the thermal neutron reaction cross-section in cerium is smaller...
At the present time, the activities on reconstruction of U400 to U400R cyclotron are carried out at the FLNR, JINR. The new multipurpose U400R cyclotron is intended for production of high intensity, up to 2.5 pmkA, beams of heavy ions from Helium to Uranium with mass to charge ratio A/Z= 4 - 12. The magnetic structure of the new cyclotron will provide a wide range of the magnetic field level...
An 18MeV/1mA high-current cyclotron has been designed and constructed at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE). In this cyclotron, H⁻ ions are accelerated and extracted via carbon stripping foils. To analyze beam loss in this high-current machine, beam dynamics simulations were performed based on measured magnetic field data. The simulations account for beam oscillations, phase slippage,...
Ironless superconducting cyclotrons, with their advantages of strong magnetic field, compact size, ultralight weight and less sensitive to ambient temperature, show broad application prospects in many areas, such as isotope production, proton irradiation, etc. However, compared to conventional room temperature cyclotron with iron yokes, using superconducting coils as magnet poles and operating...
To enhance the reliability and service life of a metallic beryllium (Be) target used in a cyclotron-based neutron source under high-beam-power conditions, this study presents the design and numerical simulation of a solid Be target with a back-cooling structure. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze the thermal effects induced by a proton beam with an energy...
Using a split coaxial radio frequency quadrupole accelerator (RFQ) as the injector for a small-scale high-intensity cyclotron and adopting a bottom-to-top injection method, the aim is to fundamentally break through the flow intensity limit of the small-scale high-intensity cyclotron. Improving the vacuum level of the RFQ injector can effectively reduce the risk of micro-spark discharge,...
