Speaker
Description
To ensure precise control of field quality in normal-conducting accelerator magnets, it is essential to develop models that accurately represent magnetic hysteresis during operational cycles. This study focuses on the dipole magnets of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and investigates how variations in operational cycles produce different hysteresis and dynamic patterns in the integrated main magnetic and higher-order field multipoles. A combination of various magnetic field measurement systems was employed to evaluate the magnetic field quality, enabling direct observation of history dependence and reproducibility. Three regimes are identified: a history-dependent reversal curve along the ramp, eddy-current settling during end-of-ramp transients, and a rate-independent transfer function at the plateau. The analysis covers the integrated dipole and sextupole components, distinguishing rate-dependent eddy current effects from quasi-static hysteretic contributions. Two pre-cycle patterns currently used in operation are compared: a 200 GeV cycle and a 26 GeV cycle introduced in 2026 within the CERN Efficient Particle Accelerator (EPA) initiative. The aim is to provide a quantitative single-magnet assessment of this change of operation.
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