Speaker
Description
Free electron lasers can now generate xray pulses with durations in the attosecond regime.
Optimal utilization of the short pulses for attosecond science necessitates precise measurement of the pulse durations which there are promising methods to achieve.
However, these are developing experimental techniques, not yet routine procedure.
Until they mature, there is a wealth of information in the measured pulse energies and xray spectra, which are easily obtained.
We show that while this information is insufficient to draw any conclusions about a single shot, with a large enough dataset, the statistics can determine length of the electron bunches, on average.
FEL theory then predicts the distribution of the xray pulse durations.
To achieve this, we extend the classical theory put in place by Saldin and Bonifacio to include short bunches with arbitrary current profiles, deriving integral expressions for some key statistical observables.
The analytical is approach compared to 1D nonlinear simulations, showing good agreement until saturation sets in.
Funding Agency
VG acknowledges funding from Swedish Research Council (VR), 2022-03983
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