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Description
A visible-light 2D imaging monitor was developed and commissioned in the Swiss Light Source (SLS) 2.0 booster ring to characterize transverse beam behavior during the energy ramp. Installed downstream of a bending magnet, it extracts visible synchrotron radiation via an in-vacuum gold-coated mirror and uses a CMOS camera with motorized optics and filters. The setup accommodates the evolving synchrotron spectrum, with the critical photon energy increasing from 0.2 eV at 100 MeV electron beam energy to approximately 3.9 keV at 2.7 GeV. Long exposures, integrating over hundreds of turns matched to the roughly 1 µs revolution time, enabled measurements of adiabatic damping due to synchrotron radiation emission. In addition, the system provides sufficient sensitivity to image single-bunch charges down to approximately 20 pC, while operating over a broad charge range up to 300 pC. Using short exposures over only a few tens of turns enabled the observation of fast beam size evolution during emittance exchange driven by coupling resonance crossing, a technique first implemented in an electron ring at the SLS*. This high-speed acquisition confirmed the optimal extraction timing, corresponding to the minimum horizontal beam size. The monitor provides non-invasive diagnostics for tracking beam stability and optimizing injection into the storage ring.
Footnotes
*Kallestrup, J., and M. Aiba “Emittance Exchange in Electron Booster Synchrotron by
Coupling Resonance Crossing | Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams.” Physical Review Accelerators and Beams 23, no. 2 (2020) : 020701. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.020701.
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