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Description
An Energy Recovery Linac based strong hadron cooler is being considered for the Electron-Ion Collider. The required electron beam parameters for variable-energy strong hadron cooling place significant constraints on regarding ion trapping and collective effects. This paper presents initial studies of these constraints through a combination of numerical and analytical studies of ion production, trapping behaviour, and mitigation strategies. A multi-bunch tracking framework based on ELEGANT with the ionEffects module is used to simulate machine operation over tens of milliseconds, corresponding to more than one million electron bunches. These simulations include realistic modelling of ionisation processes, as well as transverse and longitudinal electron and ion dynamics, allowing the time-evolution of the ions to be determined. Analytical expressions of the 3D bunch distribution, modelled as a Gaussian and super-Gaussian provide estimates for the ion trapping parameters to benchmark against the simulation results. A bi-periodic bunch spacing is considered as a means of mitigating ion trapping, by detuning the ion oscillation. These studies are used to provide a coherent assessment of ion trapping in the strong hadron cooler and outline viable strategies to reduce beam-ion effects in the strong hadron cooler.
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