Speaker
Description
With the LHC reaching percent-level luminosity precision, controlling systematic biases in luminosity calibration has become essential. Among these, the interplay between linear coupling and beam–beam interactions can alter the measured luminosity and consequently the visible cross-section during van der Meer (vdM) scans. The combined effect of nonlinear beam–beam forces and linear coupling makes the transverse charge distribution non-factorisable, impacting the luminosity overlap integral used for absolute calibration.
In this work, transverse luminosity density profiles, luminosity, and visible cross-section have been systematically characterised to quantify the influence of coupling and beam–beam interactions for different particle distributions, including Gaussian and q-Gaussian beams. Simulations incorporating a simplified model of local coupling in the interaction regions, together with beam–beam effects, were performed to evaluate the impact of both local and global coupling across various vdM configurations.
The results deepen our understanding of coupling–beam-beam interplay in the LHC and hadron colliders more broadly, reveal potential deviations from classical Gaussian-based assumptions, and motivate future studies of vdM luminosity behaviour that include more realistic and complex beam-dynamics effects.
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