Speaker
Description
Developments of a superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) photoinjector for future continuous-wave (CW) operation of the European XFEL are currently underway at DESY. A superconducting L-band 1.6-cell cavity is considered as a high-brightness electron source capable of supporting CW operation and meeting the stringent beam-quality requirements of cutting edge XFEL facilities. Given the limitations on the attainable gradient in the superconducting gun, photocathode laser pulse shaping provides an effective means of mitigating space-charge–driven emittance growth. In this study, 4D integral brightness; combining emittance, current profile, and longitudinal phase-space quality is used as the main optimization objective. Multi-objective optimization using ASTRA has been performed to minimize the electron beam emittance and maximize its brightness for various temporal and transverse profiles of the photocathode laser pulse in the European XFEL SRF photo injector. Gaussian, flat-top, ellipsoidal, and inverted-parabolic temporal profiles, along with radially uniform and truncated Gaussian transverse distributions, are compared in terms of achievable 4D beam brightness and their dependence on the attainable RF gradient in the SRF gun. The optimized photo injector working points will be propagated through start-to-end simulations to evaluate brightness preservation up to the undulator entrance.
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