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Abstract: The longitudinal density distribution of electron bunches is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of storage rings. To meet the requirements for real-time, cost-effective, and flexible longitudinal diagnostics for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF), we have developed a Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) measurement system based on a general-purpose high-speed oscilloscope at the Hefei Light Source II (HLS-II). Unlike traditional setups relying on dedicated TCSPC modules, this system utilizes an oscilloscope to directly acquire single-photon pulses from a Photomultiplier Tube (PMT).
Experiments conducted at the HLS-II beamline successfully recovered the bunch fill pattern and reconstructed the photon arrival time distribution. To address the system broadening caused by the PMT's transit time spread and trigger jitter, a post-processing algorithm incorporating Software Constant Fraction Discrimination (CFD), time folding, and deconvolution was developed. This approach effectively suppressed the time walk effect and removed the instrument response function. Cross-verification with a dual-sweep streak camera confirmed that the system successfully recovered the intrinsic bunch length, showing high consistency with the camera data. The results demonstrate that this oscilloscope-based scheme possesses excellent online monitoring capabilities, providing a cost-effective technical solution for HALF and similar facilities.
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