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Description
Besides its proton–proton physics programme, the LHC operates with 208-Pb ion beams colliding in its four experiments. At the interaction point, bound-free pair production (BFPP), occurring when an electron produced in an electromagnetic interaction is captured by one of the colliding nuclei, is one of the most critical processes in terms of beam losses. In fact, BFPP leads to the creation of a secondary beam with a well-defined change in magnetic rigidity, producing localized power deposition in the dispersion suppressors, possibly causing a magnet quench without proper mitigation measures.
Differently from the ALICE insertion, where two dedicated collimators were installed to protect the superconducting magnets, and the ATLAS and CMS ones, where BFPP losses can be displaced by an orbit bump into an empty cryostat, the LHCb insertion optics only allows for orbit bumps broadening the BFPP loss distribution, so as to reduce the peak power load on the concerned magnets.
This study investigates the resulting power density in the magnet coils and benchmarks the simulation framework against beam loss monitor (BLM) data recorded during Run-3, in order to set a safe luminosity limit.
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