Speaker
Description
The electron-cloud-induced heat loads on the cryogenic system of the LHC at CERN, which exhibited unexpectedly high values over LHC’s Run 2 and 3, are recognized as a critical limitation to the achievable High-Luminosity LHC beam intensity. Amorphous carbon thin films, sputtered on the inner surface of the beam pipe and exhibiting a low Secondary Electron Yield, have proven to efficiently limit electron cloud build-up. This contribution presents the development, prototyping and validation phases towards the in-situ deployment of amorphous carbon coatings over more than 10 kilometers of beam screen in the LHC arcs during the Long Shutdown 3 (2026-2029). The films are deposited using an assembly of 4 mobile graphite targets, being displaced along the 47 mm-diameter and 53.5 m-long beam lines. The design of the coating system, the characterization of the coatings, particularly under electron irradiation at 15 K and the validation of the process in a full-scale mock-up are presented, highlighting the constraints for upscaling the technology to kilometers of vacuum pipes within the geometrical restrictions of the LHC superconducting magnets.
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