Speaker
Description
Large-scale helium refrigeration cryogenic systems are a key element, essential to the safe and reliable operation of particle accelerators using superconducting devices such as radio-frequency cavities or magnets. The long-term success of the LHC operation with an outstanding physics production to date paves the way towards the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade to be operated until the early 2040s, after which it could be followed by the Future Circular Collider (FCC). Such large-scale projects, requiring a significant amount of cryogenic cooling capacity to be installed, pose the question of the cost estimation methodology to be employed, as the cryogenic system represents a non-negligible fraction of the total capital, operation & maintenance cost of the facility. Capitalizing on the experience of the LHC project, then on its recent HL-LHC upgrade, the existing CERN methodology was updated with the latest available industrial indexation, thus allowing the cost of the FCC cryogenic system to be assessed. This paper reports on the approach used to estimate the cost of the FCC cryogenics, refining the method adopted at the time of the LHC project. It considers the evolution of material and labour costs over the past two decades, studies the updated economics of 4.5 K and 1.8 K helium refrigeration, and presents the strong impact of the cryogenic distribution system. It also identifies and proposes ways for improving the capital, operation & maintenance expenditure.
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