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Description
Undulators are key insertion devices in synchrotron radiation and free-electron laser (FEL) facilities, where shortening the magnetic period is a crucial technical route to achieving compact machines and short-wavelength radiation. In our previous work, we proposed and experimentally validated an ultra-compact planar undulator that provides about a 48% increase in magnetic field strength compared with a conventional planar undulator under the same period length and gap, but its field strength is fixed and not tunable, limiting its engineering applicability. Building on that work, this paper proposes a compact hybrid planar undulator design that deliberately sacrifices part of the magnetic field strength to achieve tunability over a practical working gap range. To reduce the demagnetizing field experienced by the magnets under operating conditions, permanent magnets with different grades are combined in the structure, effectively mitigating the demagnetization risk in critical regions. Using three-dimensional magnetic-field simulations and optimization, we systematically investigate the effective field, field roll-off characteristics, and integrated field errors. The results show that the proposed compact hybrid planar undulator maintains a short period and relatively high field strength while providing magnetic-field tunability, offering a useful reference for the design of next-generation compact, high-performance undulators for advanced light sources.
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