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Description
Recent progress in short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) from the extreme ultraviolet through x-rays has opened new avenues for industrial and research applications. Most such FELs rely on Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) in which the optical pulse grows from noise in a single pass through the undulator. However, this results in significant shot-to-shot fluctuations in the power and spectrum. Oscillators are under consideration to stabilize the noise associated with SASE. In particular, a high-gain/low-Q oscillator, i.e., a regenerative amplifier free-electron laser (RAFEL), is one possible concept. In this paper, we present the first analysis of efficiency enhancement in a RAFEL with a long, tapered undulator line and demonstrate substantial enhancements in the brightness of the optical output. Here, we consider a high average power EUV RAFEL at 13.5 nm and show that the performance exceeds that of single-pass, tapered self-amplified spontaneous emission. This points the way to high power tapered undulator x-ray RAFELs.
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