Speaker
Description
The main performance indicator of a particle collider is the integrated luminosity. It depends not only on operational efficiency, but also on a range of beam parameters to be optimised to enhance performance. It is common to operate a collider with decaying luminosity, due to beam burn-off. However, the planned luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) is based on luminosity levelling: a time variation of colliding-beam offset, crossing angle and $\beta^\ast$ is used to keep luminosity constant over a certain lapse of time. The operating experience on luminosity levelling is gathered at the LHC, which uses different levelling strategies. In this work, we investigate optimisation strategies to maximise integrated luminosity without and with $\beta^\ast$ levelling. Monte Carlo simulations of years of physics runs have been performed with and without optimisation approaches. The key physical parameters are derived from a detailed analysis of the data collected at the LHC during the Run~2 and Run~3 periods. These findings provide valuable information for improving future LHC operational strategies and preparing for forthcoming collider configurations in the HL-LHC era.
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