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Description
Beams in FCC-ee are injected from a full-size booster synchrotron, placed on top of the collider in the same tunnel. The booster prepares electron and positron bunch trains alternately for all foreseen beam energies from 45.6 GeV to 182.5 GeV and operation modes such as filling the collider from scratch or top-up. Polarized bunches must furthermore be supplied for the beam energy calibration. The first two operation modes require optimizing the energy ramps and RF voltage programs to achieve the small transverse beam size for injection in the collider while maintaining longitudinal beam stability. Specifically, the ramp for the Z operating point has an energy overshoot to boost the synchrotron radiation damping effect. Beam stability issues at low energy could be mitigated by damping wigglers at the cost of a higher energy spread at extraction. Further optimizations reduce the RF power requirements for all cycles.
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