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Description
The Southern Advanced Photon Source (SAPS) is a planned 3.5 GeV ultra-low emittance storage ring based on a modified hybrid 7-bend achromat (H-7BA) lattice, located in Dongguan, China. To achieve an extremely low natural emittance, the lattice incorporates a novel unit cell consisting of a 'Sandwich' bending magnet combined with reverse bends. This design has resulted in a remarkable natural emittance of 26.3 pm·rad. Although variable bending magnets with a trapezoidal bending radius and gradient are also recognized for their effectiveness in emittance reduction, their performance relative to the compact thin-center 'Sandwich' design remains unclear. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of these two magnet configurations, detailing the nonlinear optimization process and evaluating their respective performance.
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