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Accurate measurement of electron bunch length is critical for the performance optimization of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Conventional techniques face challenges in achieving simultaneous single-shot, non-destructive, and femtosecond-level resolution. This paper presents a novel diagnostic method based on quantum wireless sensing using Rydberg atoms. The principle utilizes the extreme sensitivity of Rydberg atoms to terahertz (THz) electric fields to detect coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) from electron bunches in a magnetic chicane. Theoretical calculations modeling the CSR generation in the chicane of an FEL beamline and its interaction with a Rydberg atomic system are detailed. Furthermore, we report on the development and installation of a proof-of-principle beam test platform at the BC2 chicane of the Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL (SXFEL). The platform integrates a vacuum CSR extraction port, THz beam optics, and a portable Rydberg atom sensor. Preliminary results from beam experiments are also discussed.
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