Speaker
Stefano Marangoni
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Description
CNAO is one of the few hadron therapy centres all around the world that produce both proton and carbon ions beams. It is based on a synchrotron in which the beams are extracted by a slow extraction mechanism that uses either a betatron core or an electrostatic exciter re-ferred to as RF-KO (Radio-Frequency Knock Out).
The RF-KO extraction method has been commissioned and in May 2024 we started using RF-KO for proton treatments, while in June 2025 we started using RF-KO for carbon treatments.
This paper illustrates characteristics of clinical beams and the impact on patient treatment, comparing the re-sults of the present extraction method with the betatron core one.
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Author
Stefano Marangoni
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Co-authors
Cristiana Priano
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Erminia Bressi
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Francesco Zanoli
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Giovanni Debernardi
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Giuseppe Venchi
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Luciano Falbo
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Dr
Paolo Meliga
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)
Stefano Alpegiani
(National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy)