Speaker
Description
Femtosecond hard X-ray radiation beyond 12.4 keV enables unprecedented opportunities for probing matter at atomic scales, however, its generation remains challenging for self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE)-based XFELs due to reduced FEL gain, leading to extended undulator requirements and limited radiation efficiency. To address this issue, we investigate a multi-stage optical-klystron SASE (OK-SASE) scheme that enhances microbunching through dispersive sections and shortens the gain length. A multi-objective Bayesian optimization (MOBO) framework is introduced to systematically optimize the configuration. Using SHINE as a representative case, steady-state simulations at 15 keV show that the optimized setup reduces the required undulator length relative to conventional SASE by about 7% to 22%, depending on the electron-beam energy spread. The optimization indicates that several chicanes can remain effectively inactive, enabling a more compact beamline layout. Time-dependent simulations also demonstrate the feasibility of multi-stage OK-SASE for efficient high-energy XFEL operation.
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