The SPIRAL2 facility has produced its first beams in 2019, marking the opening of new research opportunities at GANIL. Operational for physics experiments since 2022, the linear accelerator delivers a wide variety of stable ion beams - from protons to uranium - with energies ranging from 0.75 MeV/A to 33 MeV for protons and up to 8 MeV/A for ions with A/Q = 7. The machine covers an...
The Update for the European Strategy for Particle Physics will take place over 2025, with various community inputs and an open symposium. Many are eagerly awaiting the outcome and what it means for CERN and large collider projects worldwide. If the response from the ESPP is clear and decisive, then this talk will be an opportunity to elaborate CERN's plans with the international accelerator...
Synchrotron light sources are undergoing a major transformation, driven by the need for higher brilliance, greater efficiency, and more advanced experimental capabilities. The transition to 4th generation synchrotrons is enabling groundbreaking research in imaging, spectroscopy, and materials science, with improvements in accelerator design, beam stability, and data handling. Key advancements...
The realization of low-emittance muon beams through cooling and acceleration is a pivotal technology with significant potential to advance various scientific disciplines, ranging from fundamental particle physics to applied material science. Recently, we successfully demonstrated, for the first time, the acceleration of positive muons generated by resonant multi-photon ionization of muonium...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is in the final stages of commissioning its linear accelerator (linac), which will deliver a high-power proton beam for neutron production. The commissioning process involves progressive testing of subsystems, including the ion source, radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), and superconducting cavities, to ensure stable and reliable beam operation. Key...
Single-crystal microstructures enable high-performance YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductors which are however limited to simple shapes due to their brittleness. Additive manufacturing can fabricate YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor with complex shapes, albeit with a polycrystalline microstructure. Here, we demonstrate a route to grow single-crystals from 3D-ink-printed, polycrystalline, sintered...
The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) was proposed as a third-generation circular electron-positron collider in the energy range of 2-7 GeV (CoM) and with a luminosity greater than 5*10^34 cm^-2s^-1 @4 GeV, aiming to explore charm physics and tau physics in the next decades. This presentation will introduce the facility design and R&D efforts for STCF, including the design goal, accelerator and...
Over the past decade, the Magnet Section at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) has developed extensive expertise in superconducting magnet design, construction, and testing, forming the foundation for SMILE (Superconducting Magnets to Improve Large Research Facilities Efficiency) - a proposed R&D initiative that brings together PSI experts and international partners. SMILE’s primary goal is to...
In this talk the status of CLIC will be reviewd on design, technology readyness, human resourcece and timeline, etc.
The Ghost Collider is a proposal for a 550 GeV center-of-mass (275 GeV per beam) linear collider with four interaction regions, each with the design luminosity. The primary innovation is the use of “ghost bunches” containing equal numbers of electrons and positrons, therefore being electrically neutral. In the linacs, energy is transferred between electrons and positrons in the same bunch,...
Cavity-based X-ray Free Electron Lasers(CBXFELs) promise to transform the field of hard X-ray science by delivering radiation with exceptional brilliance, stability,and full three-dimensional coherence. At the European XFEL, we have recently achieved lasing with multi-pass gain in a proof-of-concept CBXFEL featuring a 132.8m round-trip hard X-ray cavity using diamond crystals in Bragg...
Muons are generated at several accelerator-based facilities around the world and can be implanted into a wide range of materials, acting as a local probe of the surrounding atomic environment. By measuring the muon’s precession and relaxation can provide an understanding of the material of interest and, from this, unique information is obtained on the static and dynamic properties. This has...
Patient irradiation with mixed 4He2+ and 12C6+ ion beams, whose m/q only differ by 0.065%, is a promising proposal for online monitoring in carbon ion therapy. Over the past two years, major developments enabled the generation of such beams at MedAustron, marking the first mixed species beam delivery at a clinical synchrotron facility. These beams are now used for accelerator, detector, and...
The ENEA Frascati Particle Accelerator Laboratory operates a set of S-band electron and proton linear accelerators providing beams relevant for radiation-effects studies in the aerospace sector. The TOP-IMPLART proton LINAC delivers low-energy (1–6 MeV) and high-energy (up to 71 MeV) beams, while the REX and TECHEA facilities supply 3.5–5 MeV and 1–3 MeV electron beams, respectively; both can...
The Korea Broad acceptance Recoil spectrometer and Apparatus (KoBRA) at the Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON) was constructed as a spectrometer for low-energy nuclear physics research, covering beam energies from 1 to 40 MeV per nucleon. Beam commissioning was initiated in May 2023 using 40Ar beams on carbon targets, where secondary fragments were identified...
Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) of electrons occurs when an intense short laser pulse focused in an underdense plasma drives in its wake a plasma wave with an amplitude large enough to trap and accelerate electrons. Relativistic electron bunches are easily obtained through this mechanism and have given rise to a large number of studies and publications. Despite these efforts, the...
Manipulating phase space of the beam distribution is increasingly important not only for advanced accelerator concepts but also for X-ray free electron lasers (FELs). In the case of hadron cooling, a prime example is magnetized beams, where cross-plane correlations between two transverse phase spaces dominate the beam dynamics. Precisely controlling these cross-plane couplings—either by...
Since their inception, laser-wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) have shown their capability to produce high-quality, monoenergetic electron beams. Yet, the push toward higher electron energies and more efficient accelerators is constrained by several limitations. Foremost among these are the dephasing and diffraction limits. A promising strategy to address these issues involves using structured...
Generation of rare isotope beams by means of in-flight separation of nuclear fragments and fission products requires complex optical structures usually comprising multiple separator stages. Large apertur magnets providing maximum acceptance, radiation hard and superconducting are used to separate the reference isotope from the bulk of the primary and secondary heayv ion beam. The pre-separator...
The largest hadron accelerator facility in the US is undergoing radical changes and the undertaking of new HEP-driven neutrino research. This talk will discuss the wide-ranging projects and impacts to the accelerator community taking place at FNAL.
Leveraging Machine Learning (ML), we aim to automate and simplify the complex tuning of the XFEL light source accelerator, SACLA, thereby delivering extreme XFEL performance tailored to experimental user needs. Since 2020, we have implemented a Bayesian Optimization (BO)-based automated tuning framework at SACLA. This enables us to meet the detailed XFEL requirements for the approximately ten...
Following the first demonstration of isolated attosecond FEL pulses in 2018 and the Nobel prize in (tabletop) attosecond science in 2023, demand for attosecond x-ray pulses has increased exponentially.
This talk would review recent advances in attosecond pulse generation, including: attosecond lasing at LCLS-II; the first demonstration of attosecond super-radiance; and a measurement of FEL...
Particle accelerators have become essential instruments for fundamental research and also to improve our health, high-tech abilities or safety. Accelerating particles to high energies require a large amount of energy and energy sustainability is an unavoidable challenge for future accelerators. Among several solutions developed to minimize energy consumption, the project Innovate for...
ThomX is a compact Compton-based X-ray source demonstrator constructed and operated at IJCLab on the Université Paris-Saclay campus (Orsay, France). The facility comprises a 70 MeV linac, a transfer line, an 18 m storage ring and an extraction line. At the interaction point, laser pulses stored in a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity collide with circulating electron bunches, generating X-rays...
The tristron was already proposed many years ago but was never developed to a stage, where it could be mass produced. Based on IOTs, the tristron promises to achieve RF efficiencies above 90% for a wide frequency and power range. Building on the development of high-efficiency klystrons, CERN is proposing this new device as the power source of choice for future colliders like the FCC. The talk...
For swap-out operation in the APS-Upgrade storage ring, the injector must supply a full charge bunch in one shot. For 200 mA operation in 48 bunch timing mode, the required charge per bunch is 16 nC, which is challenging for the injector chain. In this paper we report on the present status of high charge operation and discuss upcoming improvements to increase the charge limit. We also...
Future high-energy proton colliders will require high-field accelerator magnets beyond the capabilities of Nb-Ti technology. The Nb₃Sn quadrupole magnets developed for the High-Luminosity LHC upgrade represent the first large-scale application of this technology in an operational accelerator. Following an extensive short-model R&D program—comprising about 40 coils and seven 1.5 m-long...
The BNL Relativistic Ion Collider (RHIC) started operation in 2000 with a program of high-energy ion collisions. A few years later a unique program with polarized proton collisions was added, and the following years the program expanded further and further with the Au-Au luminosity increasing to 44x of the Au-Au design using a with novel bunched beam stochastic cooling system, proton...
Techniques for generating light with particle accelerators have so far proven difficult to industrialize. Accelerator-based light sources are typically housed at universities and national laboratories, which prioritize fundamental scientific discovery over economic and operational considerations like cost efficiency and 24/7 consistency. By contrast, EUV lithography in semiconductor...
Normal conducting proton and ion linacs are vital components for applications in medical treatments, research, and industrial uses. As front-end of high-power proton linacs, they play a critical role in the initial acceleration and conditioning of the proton beam, setting the foundation for successful beam acceleration and high-power performance. INFN-LNL is engaged in different projects for...
We propose Near Resonance Polarization Modulation (NRPM), a novel method for high-precise beam energy measurement in storage rings. In this technique, a constant-frequency AC kicker is applied near the spin precession frequency, driving the beam spins coherently. The spin tune can be reliably extracted from the time-dependent polarization signal, enabling a very high-precision determination of...
We measure the high-intensity laser propagation throughout meter-scale, channel-guided laser-plasma accelerators by adjusting the length of the plasma channel on a shot-by-shot basis, showing high-quality guiding of 500 TW laser pulses over 30 cm in a hydrogen plasma of density 𝑛≈10^17 cm−3. We observed transverse energy transport of higher-order modes in the first ≈12 cm of the plasma...
RF systems for transverse deflection, also known as crab cavities, have been considered for many accelerator facilities in the last decade. This contribution reviews their application to storage ring light sources and colliders, both circular and linear. The constraints for the implementation of crab cavities in these accelerators and the technical challenges, with a focus on the recent...
PERLE is a high-current, multi-turn Energy Recovery Linac currently entering its construction phase, being developed as a demonstrator for advanced ERL technology and future high-power electron facilities. The staged construction and commissioning schedule foresees single-turn energy recovery in 2029, with full three-turn operation planned for 2031. Achieving these milestones requires an...
High gradient radio frequency (rf) driven photoguns are photoemission electron sources that have important applications for accelerator-based instruments, such as light sources and electron microscopy. Numerous efforts have been made to push for even higher field gradient while suppressing rf breakdowns. We propose the Compressed Ultrashort Pulse Injector Demonstrator, a 1.6 cell photogun...
Muography is a useful technology for non-destructive inspection of a large-scale structure. Muography with cosmic ray muons has limitations such as low rates, particularly low muon rates in the horizontal direction, and energy spreading, which require long observation times and limit its resolution. Worldwide, large structures such as bridges built during the economic development period of the...
The first 4th generation light source in China, HEPS, has been constructed and commissioned. The new light source is expected to produce the emittance of less than 100 pm.rad that can provide hard X-rays with the brilliance higher than 10^22 photons/sec/mm^2/mrad^2/0.1%B.W. In order to stably operate this ultra-low emittance ring, HEPS accommodated the advanced swap-out beam injection scheme,...
The RCS at J-PARC is a kicker-impedance-dominant machine, which exceeds the impedance budget from a classical viewpoint. However, we have achieved a 1-MW beam without any transverse feedback by fully utilizing the indirect space charge effect to suppress beam instabilities.
Although the indirect space charge effect is beneficial, the beam instability can still occur in a high-intensity beam...
The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in particle accelerator systems has become an effective strategy for handling complex operations and enhancing performance. At INFN-Legnaro National Laboratories (INFN-LNL), both offline and online AI/ML-driven approaches have been developed to improve beam dynamics, reduce setup times, and increase overall accelerator...
Improved control of high intensity laser beam parameters on target recently enabled laser accelerated proton bunches with energies beyond 100 MeV, dose-controlled irradiation of biological samples, and the demonstration of FEL gain based on laser wakefield acceleration of electrons.
This presentation focuses on the chain of developments at the Petawatt laser DRACO at Helmholtz-Center...
The MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring in Lund, Sweden, was the first implementation of a multibend achromat (MBA) lattice fourth-generation light source. Since it started delivery of light in 2016, three succeeding MBA-based rings and variants have come on-line: ESRF-EBS, Sirius and APS-U. Several others are being planned, designed, built or commissioned. All of these capitalize on the MBA concept and...
High repetition-rate, short wavelength and fully coherent free electron lasers can open up new possibilities in research frontiers in high-resolution serial coherent diffraction imaging and time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopies. At present, soft x-ray external seeded FELs can hardly reach over 10 kHz repetition-rate due to the limited external seed laser power. In our recent experiment, we...
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) are powerful photon sources offering a wide wavelength range, subfemtosecond pulse duration, and high brightness. Most X-ray FELs are based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). SASE-FEL radiation has excellent transverse but only limited longitudinal or temporal coherence, with power and spectral profiles consisting of multiple randomly distributed...
The development of Beam Position Monitors (BPMs), and particularly the design of the button pickup, is critically important with the new generation of Synchrotron Light Sources. Specifically, the miniaturization of the vacuum pipe and the broadening of the beam spectrum present special challenges for the button's design to meet the superior stability requirements demanded by new feedback...
HIAF is one of the next generation heavy ion accelerators under construction in China. It is composed of a superconducting ion linear accelerator, a high-energy synchrotron booster, a high-energy radioactive isotope beam line, an experimental storage ring and multiple experimental setups. Characterized by unprecedented intense ion beams from hydrogen through uranium, HIAF can produce a large...
For the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) accumulates and accelerates the injection beam to the design energy of 1.6 GeV and then extracts the high energy beam to the target. In this paper, firstly, the beam commissioning of the RCS have been comprehensively studied, including new injection system commissioning, longitudinal dynamics optimization, beam...
The E34 experiment at J-PARC MLF aims to precisely measure the positive muon's anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment.
Two technical challenges are critical. First, the ultraslow muon source (from muon cooling) must achieve its target intensity ($10^6 \mu^+/\text{sec}$) and low-emittance ($\epsilon_{x, \text{rms,normalized}}: \sim 0.3 \pi [\text{mm}\cdot\text{mrad}],...
Achieving sustainable beam operation in high-power accelerators requires careful control and minimization of halo-particle-induced beam loss. To accomplish this, it is important to have a clear understanding of the halo-particle distribution. While state-of-the-art instruments can achieve a dynamic range of ~10^6 with counting readout schemes, a novel fluorescence wire scanner combined with a...
High-current compact cyclotrons are fundamentally constrained by strong space-charge forces during axial injection, where low-energy proton beams experience rapid transverse expansion before entering the spiral inflector. We present a novel plasma-assisted neutralization module designed as a compact, drop-in device installed between the final solenoid and the inflector entrance. The concept...
The speaker has experience in the modeling and measurement of high-intensity beams, including the SNS linac and BTF. Dynamics of halo formation and losses in the linac could be discussed. In addition to the unique status of SNS as the premier US intensity-frontier facility, the BTF has unique high dynamic range phase space diagnostics that enable detailed benchmarking of phase space details...
In the past two decades, RF controls have improved by two orders in
magnitude achieving meanwhile sub-10 fs phase stabilities and 10e-4
amplitude precision. Analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs) are the main
limitation for further increase in detector resolution. Alternative
architectures are therefore needed to overcome this limitation. The
presented work covers a novel application of the...
SLAC MeV-UED is part of LCLS scientific user facility and has enabled unprecedented opportunities in the studies of ultrafast structural dynamics in a variety of gas, liquid and solid-state systems. To remain at the scientific and technical forefront, continuing enhancements to the facility and operations are needed. In this talk, we will describe developments of intelligent scientific...
The Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training for Innovation in Data Intensive Science (LIV.INNO) continues to make significant progress in developing precision diagnostics for accelerator facilities. This contribution presents recent results from four projects that collectively demonstrate how data-intensive methods, advanced modelling and modern instrumentation can enhance measurements under...
Inverse Compton Scattering sources are becoming a mature technology world-wide, enabling several applications in many fields, from medical imaging to cultural heritage, to palaeontology, material studies and bio-physics. Very recently ICS has been proposed also for fundamental studies in the Unruh sector via the Full Inverse Compton Scattering
process, leading to maximal acceleration (10^30...
Particle accelerators are extremely complex machines that are challenging to simulate, design, and control. Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques have made dramatic advancements across various scientific and industrial domains, and rapid improvements have been made in the availability and power of computing resources. These developments have...
The European accelerator R&D Roadmap for the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update (ESPPU) outlines the path towards future large-scale particle physics facilities, involving five R&D panels. Two of them cover technologies: a program for High Field Magnet (HFM) developments, and one on RF systems including RF sources and variants of s.c. and n.c. structures. The other three programs...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) Mission Need requires √s = 20–100 GeV (upgradable to 140 GeV) and luminosity 10³³–10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹. The current ring-ring baseline achieves the full scope, including ~10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹ across all energies. However, when the design is re-optimized for the lower boundary — accepting ~10³³ cm⁻² s⁻¹ and prioritizing cost — an alternative configuration emerges as more...
The electron source at the MOTHRA beamline is a novel 0.5-cell cryogenic C-band photoinjector designed to operate at gradients up to 200 MV/m. This work reports on recent developments toward implementing a load lock and modular cathode backplane that enables the insertion and testing of next-generation photocathode materials and structures under high-field, cryogenic operating conditions. The...
Synchrotron radiation facilities impose stringent requirements on the magnetic field quality, stability, and lifetime of undulators. During long-term operation of a beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), a gradual degradation of photon-beam performance was observed. To identify the cause, the cryogenic permanent magnet undulator of this beamline was warmed up and...
LCLS-SC achieved first light in 2023, and continues to ramp up performance. The linac consists of 35 cryomodules at 1.3 GHz, plus two cryomodules operating at the 3rd harmonic (3.9 GHz). The high repetition rate linac has been operating at 3.8 GeV regularly since 2024. As with any SRF machine, quenches occurred both during commissioning (as a part of normal processing), and during normal...
We present a new nonlinear beam dynamics analysis framework -- Approximate Invariant Analysis (AIA) -- which is based upon the construction of approximate invariants [Y. Li, D. Xu, and Y. Hao, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 28, 074001 (2025)] and the extraction of the betatron frequency using the Poincar\'e rotation number [S. Nagaitsev and T. Zolkin, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 23, 054001 (2020)]. The...
The FLASH hadron therapy accelerator proposed by Trbojevic uses permanent magnets with nonlinear fields to allow rapid cycling from 10 to 250MeV while keeping the ring tune constant. A test beamline of four cells from this ring (22.5 degree angle) was built at BNL and tested at the NSRL facility with protons and at the Tandem Van de Graaff with deuterons. The magnets consist of 24...
Accurate lattice-optics correction is essential for achieving the design performance of modern light sources and future colliders targeting ultra-low emittances. Such machines rely on strong magnets that are highly sensitive to field and alignment errors. In this work, we investigate approaches for the correction of the linear optics of several accelerators, including PETRA IV, SOLEIL II,...
As agentic AI systems enter accelerator operations, a foundational capability is the ability to reliably translate natural-language requests into concrete control-system signals. This contribution surveys and systematizes several semantic channel-finding strategies that we have implemented and deployed across multiple accelerator facilities. We present four mature approaches—(1) in-context...
The CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory is a medium energy user facility for wide range of applications such as novel acceleration, cancer-therapy, and advanced diagnostics research. CLARA is currently finalising beam commissioning after an extended period of technical systems commissioning. During this period CLARA hosted its first set of “friendly” user experiments in its dedicated...
A compact THz facility, based on Free Electron Laser (FEL) system has been commissioned at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. The design of the facility is based on pre-bunched FEL where a train of electron micro-bunches having maximum energy of 8 MeV are being injected into a short undulator to produce the THz radiation in the range of 0.18 - 3.0 THz. The electron micro...
As a sustainability near future collider, we propose an electron-positron energy recovery linac (ERL) collider at the Z pole. Most of the accelerator technologies are based on the international linear collider (ILC) : 9 cell superconducting cavities, 5 GeV damping ring, final focus, and electron and positron source. The energy recovery scheme enables the higher average beam current to achieve...
The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee), with a circumference of approximately 91 km, is being developed by CERN and collaborators. Two collider-ring optics proposals have been developed in parallel over recent years. Each proposal features its own strengths and challenges. The Global Hybrid Correction optics (GHC) came first with a ring-distributed correction of the horizontal...
The SHINE is a high repetition-rate X-ray FEL facility, based on an 8-GeV CW superconducting RF linac, which will become one of the most powerful photon srouces in the world. This project is initiated in 2018 and is under construction up to now. It has been designed to build an 8 GeV CW SCRF linac at repetition rate as high as 1 MHz, 2 beamlines to deliver photons between 0.2 and 15 keV and 6...
On behalf of the GBAR collaboration
The GBAR (Gravitational Behavior of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment receives particle beams from the AD/ELENA facility at CERN, the world's unique source of low-energy antiprotons.The AD/ELENA facility is also unique in its deceleration of GeV beams created using CERN proton-synchroton (PS) machine. * According to the 2023 review, the beam delivered...
The ELI Beamlines Centre, situated near Prague in the Czech Republic and operating as part of ELI ERIC, has been designated as the second pillar of the EuPRAXIA distributed user facility. It is developing a user-focused programme centred on laser–plasma accelerators (LPAs). A key initiative involves creating an LPA-driven free-electron laser (FEL) for the XUV and soft X-ray water-window...
A synchrotron injection scheme for the SuperKEKB high-energy ring (HER) was implemented and experimentally evaluated. The lattice at the HER injection point was configured to provide a large horizontal dispersion of –1.6 m, and the sextupoles were optimized accordingly. Because an abort system is located near the injection point, the optics design was constrained to ensure compatibility with...
Since 2019, the SPIRAL2 SC linear accelerator at GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds) produces pulsed to CW ion beams from A/Q=1 to 3.
Beam time during the last 4 years was mainly dedicated to experiments in the NFS room with D+ at energies from 1 to 40 MeV, frequently using the bunch selector allowing neutron time-of-flight measurements.
Part of the beam time was also used to...
We experimentally demonstrate the generation of sub-femtosecond hard XFEL pulses by recompressing the electron bunch in front of the undulators, which encourages time-resolved spectroscopy toward the attosecond regime. Space-charge fields and wakefields of accelerating structures induce a reverse-energy chirp, in which high-energy electrons locate in the bunch head, and it becomes pronounced...
During dedicated machine development periods in 2025, the LHC operated with High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) beam parameters to study transverse beam dynamics in a high-intensity and high pile-up regime. For the first time, collisions with trains of $2.3\times10^{11}$~ppb were achieved, reaching a pile-up of 150 and reproducing operational conditions close to those foreseen for the HL-LHC. These...
Low-emittance microbunched electron beams are a key ingredient in free-electron lasers (FELs), facilitating gain and coherence in radiation production. It has been proposed, such as by the Compact X-ray FEL (CXFEL) group at Arizona State University, that nano-scale microbunching could be produced by rotating transverse beamlets into the longitudinal plane. Such a technique could make...
The design of multipole and other magnets for accelerators is typically an iterative process in which the magnet geometry is optimized for the required beam dynamics properties. Modelling the field for a given geometry can be computationally expensive, so exploring the parameter space can be a time-consuming procedure. The task is particularly challenging when complex field properties are...
Electron dynamics in molecules occur on sub-femtosecond timescales and drive fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, catalysis, and chemical bond transformations. Attosecond XFELs provide the temporal resolution and pulse power necessary to probe these phenomena. Emerging superconducting accelerator technology further enables high-repetition-rate operation, enhancing statistical...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) run in 2025 was the last long production year of LHC Run 3 (2022 to 2026). To mitigate potential radiation damage to magnets installed in the low-beta sections due to the integrated radiation dose near the high luminosity experiments, a flat optics was used for the first time in beam operation, underlying the adaptability of the LHC. A record production of 125...
The successful non-linear performance of 4th-generation light sources can be supported through a proper design of the linear lattice. However, important quantities like the injection efficiency and the beam lifetime depend on the optimization of non-linear magnetic fields like sextupoles, octupoles (and sometimes decapoles) in the lattice and therefore on numerical optimization. The underlying...
The European XFEL combines a superconducting linear accelerator and long variable-gap undulators to deliver hard X-ray pulses at megahertz repetition rates in 10 Hz burst mode. Building on this capability, we have recently developed the so-called self-chirping operation mode at the SASE2 beamline to generate isolated high-power attosecond hard X-ray pulses. This contribution presents an...
Compact electron sources with cutting-edge beam quality are unlocking higher-fidelity experiments, both directly with electrons and indirectly via bright, compact X-ray generation. A prime example is ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), which relies on sub-picosecond, low-emittance bunches in the keV–MeV range to probe structural dynamics. Similar beam requirements underpin inverse Compton...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will begin science operations with a staged machine configuration that imposes well-defined accelerator-physics constraints on achievable luminosity and beam parameters. This paper presents the performance strategy that supports the first 3-5 years of the EIC Science Program. We outline the accelerator-physics activities required to deliver high-repetition-rate...
In December 2025 SLS 2.0 enters a ~5-month shutdown period. The most prominent modification concerns 2 out of 4 normal conducting central 2 T superbends which will be replaced by superconducting counterparts with higher peak field of up to 5 T in arc 1 and 2. This replacement necessitates the exchange of the adjacent permanent combined function magnets (triplet) and the vacuum system of both...
Plasma discharge devices have recently demonstrated their potential for compact particle beam manipulation. Building upon the Active Plasma Lens and its extension to curved geometries (Active Plasma Bending), new studies have revealed that chicane-like configurations can support sub-betatron oscillations of the beam. Motivated by this observation, the novel concept of the Plasma Discharge...
The muon collider concept promises a unique opportunity to push the energy frontier in particle physics. The large muon mass suppresses synchrotron radiation and allows the acceleration and collision of the beams in rings and the use of technology more similar to hadron colliders. Muons are point-like, in contrast to protons, and thus can achieve a similar physics reach with less energy,...
The aims of the CLARA experiment at the Fermilab Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) were to directly measure the coherence length of undulator radiation emitted by a single electron and to test whether the radiation is in a pure classical Glauber coherent state or in a quantum mixture of coherent and Fock states. We used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to study visible radiation...
Inverse Compton Scattering at shallow angles allows for the generation of high-brightness X-rays with spectral control independent of electron beam energy. We present experimental characterization of this interaction at the UCLA Pegasus photoinjector. Our measurements reveal a polarization-dependent suppression, analogous to the optical Brewster effect, not present in conventional...
SOLEIL II [1] is the French upgrade project of SOLEIL delivering next-generation synchrotron light source through a full renewal of the accelerator complex, the upgrade of 29 beamlines and three laboratories, and a major IT transformation. The compact 2.75 GeV, 354 m Storage Ring will reach 50 pm round-beam emittance using an atypical 7BA–4BA lattice, extensive use of permanent-magnet...
The PETRA IV project has finalised the engineering design for the construction of a new ultra-low emittance storage ring PETRA IV, based on hybrid 6-bend achromat lattice and the whole rebuild of the injector chain. We review here the latest development in the different technical subsystems, the status of the engineering integration and the plans for the implementation of the new ring in the...
To generate white beam with various polarization, we have designed and constructed tapered APPLE undulators. A typical APPLE adjusts the polarization and photon energy through four-axis phase motions and a single-axis gap change. In addition to these mechanisms, our design incorporates rotational and translational structures to further extend the accessible energy spectrum. In this...
Terahertz (THz)-frequency particle acceleration provides a natural “bridge” between conventional electronic-based (radio-frequency RF) and novel photonic-based (laser plasma wakefields LWFA) drivers, offering stable, high-frequency, high-gradient fields for compact interactions, coupled with direct femtosecond-scale synchronization to the THz drive laser*. These unique properties ideally...
Testing purpose only
One-dimensional resonances creating fixed points and islands in the
two-dimensional phase space have long been
recognized as crucial for the diffusion of particles in high-intensity bunches.
Coupled resonances are also highly relevant, but their dynamics is more difficult
to grasp as it happens in a four-dimensional phase space.
Following a conceptual and theoretical investigation, a...
In modern circular accelerators, beam mismatch at injection into non-linear lattices can play a crucial role for beam quality degradation. In this work, we explore the process of non-linear matching within the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) quasi-periodic regime, focusing on how the intrinsic phase-space structure influences the evolution of initial beam distributions. Using a topological...
The recently-commissioned Linac to End Station A (LESA) beamline was designed to deliver high-energy electrons to experiments in End Station A, such as the Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX). Since LDMX requires single electrons at a high repetition rate, dark current from the 186 MHz LCLS-II electron gun provides a convenient low-current source that can be extracted parasitically from the...
UK scientists are amongst the leading users of pioneering X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities, which enable revolutionary atomic-level imaging and ultrafast time resolution far beyond other methods. Looking to the future for the UK community, the UK XFEL project has developed a science and technology case and a conceptual design for a next-generation XFEL that can utilise maturing...
The accelerator complex for the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is currently being built in Darmstadt, Germany. After the arrival of the cold box for the central cryogenic facility (CRYO2) in winter 2023, the installation of the accelerator components in the machine and supply tunnels started early 2024. Meanwhile the installation has moved forward. CRYO2 has been handed over...
Dephasing between the driver and witness is one of the main mechanisms limiting witness energy gain in plasma acceleration. We show time-resolved, picosecond-scale measurements of the self-modulating proton driver in AWAKE (Advanced WAKefield Experiment at CERN) as a function of plasma length, revealing the evolution of this drive bunch caused by transverse wakefield development and dephasing....
