The ion channel laser (ICL) is similar to the free electron laser (FEL) but utilizes the electric field from a blowout regime plasma wake rather than the magnetic field from an undulator to oscillate particles. Compared to the FEL, the ICL can lase with much larger energy spread beams and in much shorter distances, making it an attractive candidate for a future compact plasma accelerator...
Scanning magnets are used in proton and ion beam therapy to produce a radiation dose conforming to the cancerous tumor. In most existing beam delivery systems, two separate magnets are used to scan the beam in the transverse planes. To enable more compact systems and gantries, a combined function 2D scanner magnet with a short working distance is highly desirable. Earlier designs suffer from...
The properties of the photoemitting electron sources are the most determining factors contributing to the performance of the most advanced electron accelerator applications such as particle colliders, X-ray free electron lasers, ultra-fast electron diffraction and microscopy experiments. Therefore, low mean transverse energy (MTE), high quantum efficiency (QE) along with long operational...
The National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) funds the Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC) at Fermilab in developing a high-power, conduction-cooled Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) accelerator tailored for industrial applications requiring robust and efficient operation. A 650 MHz, 1.6 MeV, 20 kW SRF accelerator is currently under development, employing a conduction...
Since the first light in 2014 at 50 mA, NSLS-II has steadily increased beam current, reaching 500 mA in October 2019. Along the way, various challenges were addressed, including RF power consumption, wakefield effects, and unexpected component heating. Key improvements included enhanced temperature monitoring with 600 new sensors, optimized RF spring installation, and the installation of a...
In order to reach the nearest star Proxima Centauri within a century, a distance of 4.224 light-years from our solar system, the average spacecraft velocity needs to be 4.2% of the speed of light. Therefore, according to the rocket equation, the weighted average exhaust velocity needs to be over 1% of the speed of light for reasonable ratios of dry mass to fuel mass. The fusion reactor...
Free-electron lasers (FEL) seeded by short radiation pulses can exhibit superradiant behavior. In the superradiant regime, the pulse simultaneously compresses and amplifies as it propagates through the FEL, making superradiance very promising for pushing the performance limits of attosecond x-ray FELs. To date, this regime has been studied in asymptotic limits, but there is no model for how...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will collide high energy and highly polarized hadron and electron beams with luminosities up to 10^34/cm^2/s. In the Conceptual Design Report baseline scope, the electron beams, accelerated in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), are vulnerable to the outside magnetic field due to its low injection energy at 400 MeV. In addition, when the Hadron Storage Ring...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator complex delivers both protons and negative hydrogen ions with various beam time patterns simultaneously to multiple users. The LANSCE linac front end is still based on Cockcroft-Walton voltage generators. An upgrade of the front end to a modern, RFQ-based version – a part of the LANSCE Modernization Project (LAMP) – is now in the...
In operation of the LANSCE accelerator facility, occasionally it is required to provide beam at a lower beam energy than the nominal energy of 800 MeV. In this paper we examine the regime when the last sector of the LANSCE linear accelerator is off, so that the beam energy becomes 700 MeV. The purpose of our study is to evaluate beam quality and required changes in the accelerator setup....
Intra-Beam Stripping (IBS) is a critical beam loss mechanism in high-intensity H- linacs and presents a significant limitation to increasing beam power. This work presents a computational framework to evaluate and mitigate IBS-induced beam loss along the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) LINAC. Our calculation is based on an analytic theory and involves evaluation of a 9D integral using the...
A fixed-beam, two room suite with upright chairs for patient positioning, is being installed at the McLaren Proton Therapy Center (MPTC). The MPTC is an operational, multi-room cancer treatment center. The new suite adds a third (A) and fourth (B) room by branching off upstream of the two clinically active half-gantry treatment rooms. This imposed a number of constraints on the beamlines of...
BeamNetUS is a national network of accelerator facilities that aims to provide broader access to the unique capabilities of accelerated particle beams. Two facilities at Brookhaven National Laboratory are part of the inaugural year of BeamNetUS, the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) and the Low Energy Accelerator Development (LEAD) facility, and are scheduled to each host one BeamNetUS user...
Recent simulation work has indicated that next generation photoinjectors will be capable of delivering beams with emittances below 100 nm for bunch charges of a few hundred pico-Coulombs. Experimentally validating these results by measuring such emittances is challenging due to the high resolution required. Additionally, in some cases it is desirable for these characterization measurements to...
Photocathodes are fundamental to the advancement of electron accelerators and photon detectors. While ultrasmooth photocathodes produced by co-deposition processes have been developed*, their beam brightness remains limited by surface and bulk disorders inherent to polycrystalline structures. Epitaxial growth offers a transformative pathway to address these challenges, enabling the production...
For the NSLS-II upgrade, a novel Complex Bend (CB) optics solution has been proposed to achieve near-diffraction-limited emittance. A key challenge in this design is the requirement for high-gradient quadrupoles (150 T/m) in a compact space. To demonstrate feasibility, a CB prototype was developed and tested using the NSLS-II linac beamline, scaling the beam energy to 100–200 MeV while...
The proposed novel 100 MeV injector for the modernization of the LANSCE Accelerator Facility* is aimed to replace the existing injector based on 750-keV Cockcroft-Walton columns. The specific feature of the LANSCE accelerator is the simultaneous delivery of beams with multiple beam flavors to several targets. Acceleration of various beams in a single RFQ provides less flexibility for optimal...
A gammaT scheme may be required for the PIP-II era performance or ACE-MIRT era performance of the Booster. PIP-II era operations of the Fermilab proton complex will require the Fermilab Booster to increase beam intensity from 4.5e12 to 6.5e12 protons, while also increasing its ramp from 15 Hz to 20 Hz. These changes pose particular challenges for transition-crossing in the Booster, where...
Microbunched electron Cooling (MBEC), a type of Coherent electron Cooling (CeC), is a possible way to cool high energy protons; such an electron cooler can be driven by an energy recovery linac (ERL). The beam parameters of this design are based on cooling 275 and 100 GeV protons at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), requiring 150 and 55 MeV electrons, respectively. If implemented, a high energy...
A dual energy electron storage ring cooler was proposed to maintain a good hadron beam quality against intra-beam scattering and all heating sources in a collider. This configuration has two energy loops. Electron beam in the low energy loop extracts heat away from the hadron beam through Coulomb interaction, while electron beam in the high energy loop loses heat through its intrinsic...
The ongoing multi-user upgrade of the superconducting ion linac, ATLAS at Argonne, will enable simultaneous acceleration and delivery of two different ion beams to different experimental areas. In the initial phase, one stable, nearly continuous wave, beam from the ECR ion source and one pulsed radioactive beam from the EBIS charge breeder of nuCARIBU will be interleaved in time via an...
The Coherent Electron Cooling (CeC) technique is a breakthrough in accelerator science, enhancing ion beam brightness in facilities like the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC)*. The success of CeC relies on high-performance photocathodes (PCs) for photoinjectors, where ideal PCs exhibit high QE, low emittance, long lifetimes, and minimal dark current. Alkali antimonide PCs meet these requirements....
The concept of the AGU has been proposed for some time*. However, utilizing a permanent magnet-based device complicates the design due to the necessity of independent gap control for each segment and, in the case of an in-vacuum undulator, the requirement for a flexible continuity sheet to mitigate image current heating. The adoption of SC magnets eliminates these concerns.
The SC-AGU...
We report on the implementation of the rocking curve imaging setup with a silicon (111) channel-cut crystal beam expander at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source (SSRL) B17-2. B17-2 is a high-brightness, in-vacuum undulator (IVU) hard X-ray (~5 – 18 keV) beamline optimized for material scattering applications. Recently, we utilized it to perform rocking curve imaging (RCI) of diamond...
The PIP-II linac will enable >1.2 MW beam power for DUNE, requiring unprecedented operational reliability across its warm front-end (RFQ, MEBT) and five distinct SRF sections operating at 162.5/325/650 MHz. We present a comprehensive digital twin framework uniquely combining a fully differentiable fast beam transport code with neural network surrogates trained on high-fidelity PIC simulations,...
The performance of solid-state amplifiers, across a range of metrics, has improved to the point where it is possible to construct a compact accelerator from individually phased and powered single-cell cavities. This distributed drive linear accelerator (DDL) architecture can provide significant advantages over conventional architectures in terms of power efficiency, redundancy, modularity,...
This work presents an experimental study emulating a two-pass gain scenario in a cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) using a self-seeding configuration at LCLS. In this “7+7” arrangement, radiation generated by the first seven hard X-ray undulators (HXUs) is spectrally filtered by a high-resolution self-seeding crystal monochromator and used to seed a second set of seven undulators...
We describe the development of a MADX-to-Xsuite simulation framework for the Fermilab Main Injector (MI) along with the subsequent evaluation of transition-crossing behaviors in the accelerator. In particular, we studied the introduction of quadrupole magnets into the lattice as part of a transition-jump system that will be implemented in the machine through the Second Proton Improvement Plan...
The need for THz pulses with 100 µJs of pulse energies at a 100 kHz (or higher) repetition rate that are well synchronized with X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses is paramount to studying novel ultrafast phenomena. Efficient THz generation (3 – 20 THz), coupling, and transport over long distances has posed several challenge. In particular, THz wavelengths makes it impractical to rely on...
A muon collider would require short, intense proton bunches to generate the initial muon beam. Preliminary designs assume the proton bunches are formed by charge-exchange injection from a linear accelerator into an accumulator ring, followed by longitudinal compression in a separate ring. We aim to experimentally study this compression scheme at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge...
This study explores the feasibility of implementing stochastic cooling in the proposed proton electric dipole moment (pEDM) storage ring to be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Investigating fundamental physics phenomena, such as the electric dipole moment (EDM) of protons, demands highly precise experimental setups. In such precision experiments, intra-beam scattering (IBS)...
At Los Alamos National Laboratory, we finalized the design of a 1.6-cell C-band RF photoinjector cavity for the Cathodes And Radiofrequency Interactions in Extremes (CARIE) project. The photoinjector cavity is intended to operate at 5.712 GHz, with an intense electric field on the photocathode up to 240 MV/m, producing 250-pC electron bunches at room temperature. The photoinjector cavity...
The Fermilab PIP-II project aims to deliver 1.2 MW of proton beam power to the DUNE neutrino experiment. As part of the accelerator complex upgrade, an 800 MeV superconducting linac is currently under construction and is expected to complete commissioning by 2030. This new linac will replace the existing 400 MeV normal-conducting linac and will send an H⁻ beam to the Booster. The Booster is a...
Conventional variable-gap undulators rely on complex and bulky motion and support systems, limiting their tuning speed, precision, and overall efficiency. To address these challenges, RadiaBeam Technologies, in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), is advancing ANL’s Force-Neutral Adjustable Phase Undulator (FNAPU) technology by developing manufacturing capabilities and...
At energies relevant to electron cooling of future electron-hadron collider designs, the beam-frame interaction time in the cooler becomes short compared to the plasma period. In this regime, the interaction time cannot be taken as infinite for analytic calculations of dynamical friction, and the details of strong scattering with small impact parameter cannot be neglected. Three significant...
The shift of light source wavelength from 193 nm (Deep UV) to 13.5 nm (Extreme UV) in modern lithography tools has enabled mass production of semiconductor chips with feature sizes as small as 4 nm. To obtain smaller feature sizes, beyond EUV lithography (also known as Blue-X or EUVL Extension) at 6.x nm has been proposed.* Free-electron lasers (FEL), with output wavelength that is broadly...
Spin polarized electron sources find application in both high energy and nuclear physics experiments. We describe in detail the design and characterization of different photocathodes based on GaAs/GaAsP and GaAs/AlGaAsP superlattice structures. These structures are equipped with a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) aimed at achieving a high electron spin polarization (ESP) ~ 85% and quantum...
One unique accelerator application is the testing of microelectronics for utilization in space. In particular, space provides two environment challenges that provide exposure to energetic heavy ions: galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar particle events (SPEs). These particles cause risk by depositing charge in microelectronics potentially causing operational errors or even destructive...
This talk will outline the potential for commercially available, hollow-core, anti-resonant optical fibers to overcome many of the challenges in creating monochromatic and coherent x-ray sources with laser-electron beam interactions. The differences between inverse Compton scattering and laser undulators will be explored and the immense difficulty in creating a laser undulator outlined. A...
Maintaining RF stability in ageing accelerator infrastructure is essential for preserving beam quality and experimental integrity. At FACET-II, SLAC’s advanced test facility for high-gradient acceleration research, we investigate the cumulative effects of RF phase and amplitude jitter across legacy LINAC stations. This study quantifies how RF-induced instabilities contribute to inefficient...
Alkali metal - metalloid photocathodes with positive electron affinity, such as Cs3Sb, K2CsSb, and Cs2Te, exhibit excellent quantum efficiency and reasonable emittance and lifetime. However, even when grown closed-loop, traditionally quantum efficiency alone is the feedback mechanism. Many advancements in the last decade have studied growth in situ, including with x-ray diffraction in...
We report on the commissioning results of the newly implemented Beam Overlap Diagnostic (BOD) instrument, known as Station F, at the hard X-ray line of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). As part of the CBXFEL project at SLAC, Station F is designed to facilitate alignment between the relativistic electron beam entering the undulator hall and the X-rays returning from the CBXFEL cavity via...
Fisica Applied Technologies, inc. (ATI) has designed and built e-beam sterilization systems, Flash-X-Ray systems, and many of the high pulsed power systems in the U.S. over the last 50 years. Our systems often use Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6 ) as an insulating gas. The global warming potential (GWP) of SF6 is approximately 23,500 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2); because of this, there has...
A challenge in realizing a steady-state microbunching (SSMB) light source is achieving a high average current from a stored beam with a peak current low enough to avoid collective effects that spoil the longitudinal phase space. We plan to investigate resolving this challenge by combining recent advances in isochronous transport and induction cells. The recently commissioned SLS-2 upgrade uses...
The LANSCE Modernization Project (LAMP) aims at upgrading the front end of the LANSCE accelerator, involving one single radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) at 201.25 MHz for simultaneously accelerating both proton (H+) and negative hydrogen ion (H-) beams from 100 keV to 3 MeV. To meet the diverse set of beam requirements at various user stations, the RFQ must be capable of accelerating a...
SLAC’s LCLS-II is pioneering high-repetition-rate attosecond X-ray science, enabling new opportunities to optimize X-ray generation by controlling the electron beam at its source—the photoinjector. LCLS-II employs a 20 ps Gaussian UV laser pulse to drive the photocathode, with an added narrow modulation to induce microbunching for extended modes.* Recent advances in laser pulse shaping and...
Fisica ATI has delivered turnkey e-beam linac sterilization systems for over three decades. The first installation was in 1992 under the Titan Beta. In 2000, SureBeam was established. Following its acquisition by L3 in 2005, the e-beam product line was consolidated under ATI. ATI continues to deliver high-reliability, fully integrated e-beam solutions for industrial and commercial applications...
The Low Energy Accelerator Development (LEAD) Facility * is a part of the Accelerators Facilities Division (AFD) of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The facility has three capabilities and runs a program specifically targeting new collaborations for user-driven research. The first and the oldest of the capabilities is the Ultrafast Diffraction (UED) Capability. The other two are...
Electron dynamics in molecules occur on attosecond timescales and drive fundamental processes such as photosynthesis, catalysis, and chemical bond transformations. Understanding these phenomena requires tools with both high temporal resolution and the capability to probe molecular dynamics at high repetition rates. Here, we present the first single-shot measurements of attosecond soft x-ray...
Recording changes in beam transverse positions and longitudinal phase reported by Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) in response to a beam deflection by an upstream dipole corrector or RF cavity phase (orbit response) is a powerful tool for analysis of accelerator optics and assisting with machine tuning. In Fermilab Linac, orbit responses were recorded by oscillating the corrector currents and...
The PIP-II project currently under construction will boost neutrino production for DUNE, Fermilab's flagship long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, by doubling the beam power delivered by the accelerator complex. To accomplish this, the total charge injected from the linac into the existing Booster RCS ring will increase from 4.5 to 6.5E12 while the machine ramp rate will be raised...
Jefferson National Lab plans an upgrade project to reach 22 GeV high polarization electron beam by using Fixed Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) magnets. The utilization of the FFA magnets for 10-22 GeV beam energy range is unexampled, therefore those magnets need an experimental validation before their full installation to form an arc in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility...
The Pseudo Single Bunch (PSB) operation mode is being developed at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) to address growing interests from time-resolved experiments. To accommodate both regular user and timing user experiments simultaneously, a fast electron kicker will be installed in one of the long straight sections at SPEAR3. This kicker will provide a large spatial separation...
An Orthogonal Directions Constrained Gradient Method (ODCGM) has been developed and experimentally used for optimization and correction of H$^-$ optical beam parameters for laser assisted charge exchange injection (LACE) experiments. LACE experiment requires precise tune up of H$^-$ beam parameters for high efficiency stripping. High precision tuning of beam parameters cannot be done in one...
The LANSCE accelerator concurrently accelerates two beam species, H+ and H-, and delivers beam to five distinct user stations, including slow and fast neutron scattering centers, ultra-cold neutron research, proton radiography, and isotope production. The LANSCE Accelerator Modernization Project (LAMP) will replace the initial sections of LANSCE, from sources through the end of the 100-MeV...
Understanding synchrotron induced gas desorption plays an important role in predicting vacuum behavior of accelerators. Investigations of new materials and coatings require careful study of their desorption yield for potential use in upgrading NSLS-II as well as other accelerator facilities. A beamline at NSLS-II, dedicated to the study of novel and proposed vacuum materials has been...
Compton scattering, an inelastic interaction between photons and electrons, is a foundational mechanism for generating high-energy photon beams, particularly in the x-ray and gamma-ray regimes. Compton light sources, such as the High-Intensity Gamma Source (HIGS) at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL), utilize Compton scattering by colliding a relativistic electron beam with a...
Significant progress has been made on the storage ring lattice design for the next-generation Australian Synchrotron (AS2). The lattice has changed from a 7-bend achromat to a 6-bend achromat structure to improve the suppression of higher-order resonance driving terms due to sextupoles. Octupole magnets were introduced in non-dispersive regions to control amplitude-dependent tune shifts. The...
A unique opportunity exists to investigate alternative radionuclide production technologies utilizing the high-energy proton beams available at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The Second Target Station (STS) is being built to address emerging science challenges in energy, security, and transportation. The STS will complement the capabilities of the...
Completion of the Proton Power Upgrade Project for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accelerator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory opens an opportunity to utilize reserve beam power of more than 100 kW for applications beyond neutron production. One of these applications is the production of critical radionuclides. To demonstrate the feasibility of using the reserve beam power to produce...
Upon completion of the Second Target Station (STS) Project in the mid 2030s, the Spallation Neutron Source accelerator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory will deliver a 2.7 MW proton beam to the neutron production targets. In the post-STS phase, the accelerator will have a reserve beam power capacity of at least 100 kW beyond what the two neutron production targets will receive, which could...
This poster will discuss the performance of CsTe photocathodes recently grown for the CARIE (Cathodes and Radiofrequency Interactions in Extremes) project at LANL. CARIE requires a low emittance, high quantum efficiency (QE) photocathode, capable of withstanding challenging vacuum conditions and high fields. CsTe is a natural fit. We will describe recent efforts to optimize the co-deposition...
The research program at the NLCTA Test Facility at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory includes experiments spanning a broad range of applications, from accelerator technology for HEP to applications in medicine, industry, and national security. The test areas utilize the infrastructure of the original Next Linear Collider Test Accelerator (NLCTA) including high power RF sources at X-band...
Superconducting radio-frequency accelerating cavities made with different material layers, such as copper, Nb or Nb₃Sn, are susceptible to thermoelectric effects due to differences in Seebeck coefficients between the metals. A temperature gradient across the surfaces can drive thermoelectric currents, which may impact the cavity performance. A layered Cu/Nb/Nb3Sn single-cell cavity was tested...
A baseline concept for a continuous wave (CW) polarized positron injector was developed for the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. This concept is based on the generation of CW longitudinally polarized positrons by a high-current, polarized electron beam (1 mA, 130‑370 MeV, and 90% longitudinal polarization) that passes through a rotating, water-cooled,...
We report the generation of single spike hard x-ray pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source enabled by temporal shaping of the photocathode laser. The pulses were produced with typical pulse energies of 10 uJ and full-width at half-maximum spectral bandwidths averaging 30 eV, corresponding to a 60 attosecond Fourier-limited pulse duration. These pulses open new doors in...
Advancements in particle accelerator technology hinge on our ability to precisely measure and understand the behavior of high-brightness beams. Following the installation of the new photo-cathode gun (PCG) laser at the front-end of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) linac, commissioning studies are needed to understand and bring the new PCG beam up to operational standard. In the present work,...
Mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction (MeV-UED) is a complementary tool to X-ray based instruments that has enabled ground-breaking studies in condensed matter physics and chemical science. The SLAC MeV-UED facility uses a state-of-the-art 1.6-cell RF photoinjector to deliver 3 to 4 MeV electrons for a variety of pump-probe studies in solids, liquids, and gases, with over 6600...
X-ray free-electron lasers have opened new frontiers in attosecond science thanks to their high pulse energy compared to traditional table top sources. To date, most attosecond experiments performed at XFELs have been impulsive, with the impinging x-ray pulses being much shorter than the timescales being studied. We present a method for attosecond pulse shaping which enables us to move beyond...
Spin-transparent storage rings, where any spin direction repeats after one full turn, can be used in conjunction with ion traps as a new quantum computing platform [1]. Advantages of spin-transparent rings for quantum computing include: large numbers of stored qubits; long quantum coherence times of up to several hours; long storage lifetimes; and room temperature operation. These exceptional...
The High Energy Systems (HES) group at Varex Imaging Corporation (Varex) introduced a new concept and design for Accelerator Beam Centerline (ABC) (patent pending), which can be used on compact commercial electron linear accelerators in 1-20 MeV energy range, delivering substantially reduced, less than 0.5 mm focal spot on a beam stopping target in order to improve imaging qualities with the...
Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) is a state-of-the-art beam cooling technology first demonstrated in 2021 at the IOTA storage ring at Fermilab's FAST facility. A second phase of the research program is planned to run in 2026 and will incorporate an optical amplifier to enable significantly increased cooling rates and greater operational flexibility.
In addition to beam cooling, an OSC...
NSLS-II is planning an upgrade to an ultra-low emittance storage ring using a novel lattice concept, the complex bend, composed of combined-function magnets. To evaluate technical challenges and study beam dynamics with complex bend, two bending magnets of existing NSLS-II bare lattice are proposed to be replaced with complex bends, introducing lattice asymmetry. To study the impact of...
Currently, the choice between the standard higher-order multi-bend achromat (MBA) and the hybrid multi-bend achromat (h-MBA) lattices for new 4th-generation storage rings is a difficult decision. This work presents a systematic view of the standard MBA performance when the lattice is scaled to different lengths and periodicities. At the core of the standard MBA is the unit cell, the optics of...
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) linac has reliably delivered high-quality electron beams for over 30 years. To support the APS Upgrade and ensure continued operation, a major refurbishment is underway. As part of this project, two of the linac's five operating radio frequency (RF) stations have been upgraded with solid-state modulator-powered klystrons and new digital low-level radio...
The proton radiography facility at LANL (pRad) performs multi-frame, dynamic radiography of dense materials up to 50 g cm$^{-2}$ with interframe timing down to 100 ns. The multiple Coulomb scattering of protons and the use of magnet optics allows for precise areal densities, and in experiments with radial symmetry, volume density reconstructions. The temporal structure of the Los Alamos...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator is MW-class H-/H+ 800 MeV linear accelerator that serves five distinct user facilities that support Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) national security missions, commercial applications, and the Department of Energy’s Office of Science medical isotope production program. After more than 50 years of continuous operation, we are...
To achieve high precision in a storage ring experiment, it is essential to eliminate field errors up to a certain order to ensure they do not contribute to systematic effect to the experiment. In this study, we modeled electrode plates of electrostatic deflector with hyperbolic/elliptical shape deformation schemes. We analyzed the resulting beam dynamics and spin effects caused by these...
Wigglers are periodic arrays of magnets with myriad applications in accelerator physics. Generally though, they are only tunable by adjusting the gap between jaws. Here, we present a wiggler based on diametrically magnetized cylindrical magnets with independently adjustable angle. This allows the realization of arbitrary (bandwidth constrained) magnetic configurations. We illustrate its...
The energy of a bunched non-relativistic ion beam can be deduced from measuring the beam phases in neighboring Beam Position Monitors (BPMs). This report presents estimations on implementation of such a procedure at PIP-II H- linac being constructed at Fermilab. In part, the case when the flight time between BPMs is larger than the period of BPM frequency is considered in detail. When the...
We present an optimization of a novel compact accelerator configuration, where each accelerating cell is individually driven by an emerging high-power, solid-state RF amplifier. This architecture, first developed at LANL for space applications, has the potential to produce a high-power electron beam with reduced footprint. Optimizing the size, weight, and cost of construction and operation of...
Jefferson Lab (JLab) is developing a concept to upgrade the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) to additionally deliver spin-polarized continuous-wave positron beams for its nuclear physics program users (Ce+BAF 12 GeV). The concept involves repurposing the Low Energy Recirculator Facility (LERF) at JLab as a dual injector, first producing 100-300 MeV spin-polarized electron...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accelerator complex delivers both protons and negative hydrogen ions with various beam time patterns simultaneously to multiple users. The LANSCE linac front end is still based on Cockcroft-Walton voltage generators. An upgrade of the front end to a modern, RFQ-based version – a part of the LANSCE Modernization Project (LAMP) – is now in the...
Attosecond X-ray pulses are a pioneering tools for real-time observation of ultrafast electronic dynamics in atoms and molecules, opening up revolutionary advances in chemistry, materials science, and condensed-matter physics. Existing attosecond sources are, however, constrained by low photon energy and flux, which limits their experimental applications. we present here start-to-end...
We present a hybrid permanent magnet-based adjustable phase undulator, featuring a period length of 17.2 mm, a gap of 8.5 mm, and a total length of 2.4 m. This planar polarized undulator adjusts field intensity through longitudinal jaw movement, with mechanically linked magnet arrays ensuring smooth motion. Building on previous work, this report focuses on newly developed tuning techniques for...
Cavity-based X-ray Free electron lasers (CBXFELs) such as the X-ray regenerative amplifier FEL (XRAFEL) and the XFEL oscillator (XFELO) have been proposed to produce highly coherent and stable hard X-rays. While the XRAFEL produces high-peak power X-rays with the bandwidth limited by the Bragg crystals, XFELO produces much lower peak power with extremely narrow bandwidth. In this report, we...
We report the progress of redesigning the septum magnet at the LANSCE Proton Storage Ring (PSR). The septum magnet at the PSR is used for extracting the accumulated 800-MeV proton beams for transport to the target stations. The existing septum magnet uses parallel, planar coils creating a uniform deflecting magnetic field. However, one coil plate co-locates with the septum; this placement...
Ultrafast electron diffraction using MeV energy beams (MeV-UED) has enabled unprecedented scientific opportunities in the study of ultrafast structural dynamics in a variety of gas, liquid and solid-state systems. The SLAC MeV-UED program began in 2014 and became an LCLS user facility in 2019. This work will review recent R&D efforts for enhancing the resolution, flux and electron detection of...
The Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at BNL is the DOE Office of Science User Facility for Accelerator Stewardship, featuring a high-brightness, 80-MeV electron LINAC, near-infrared (NIR) lasers at 1.06 and 0.8 µm, and a 5-TW, 2-ps long-wave infrared (LWIR) 9.2-µm laser. ATF is advancing LWIR laser technology toward the multi-terawatt, femtosecond regime—a major milestone in this spectral...
DC electron guns are essential sources of moderate-energy electron beams for both particle accelerators and klystrons. EGUN is one of the simulation software that is employed to design such DC guns. EGUN produces detailed data of electron rays trajectories for a given gun geometry, cathode temperature, bias-voltage, and beam current - whether space-charge limited or not. We use Mathematica and...
