MATLAB Middle Layer (MML) for accelerator control has been used by many facilities worldwide over the years. With the rise of Python's popularity, particularly for leveraging its advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning libraries, an international collaboration is underway to develop a similar software framework in Python. As part of this effort, we propose a new Python middle...
Jefferson Lab (JLab) is actively pursuing an extensive research program focused on developing advanced Nb₃Sn superconducting technology for particle accel-eration. Due to the brittle nature of Nb₃Sn coatings, a Ferroelectric Tuner (FRT) currently represents the most viable approach for microphonics compensation in these next-generation cavities. We suggest a novel, fast-responding FRT...
A frequent occurrence within industrial particle accelerator systems is electromagnetic noise accumulating within RF Cavity Sensor readings, attributed to their electromagnetically dirtier operating environments and production, with less of an emphasis on their performance optimization. This phenomenon prevents signals from accurately relaying information to beam operators and specialists....
Performance drift over long periods of operation due to changes in machines settings or the environment has been a longstanding problem for particle accelerators. Algorithms which are capable of tuning machine settings while keeping the performance within a desired threshold can be used to compensate for such drifts. We have developed a modified version of the Multi-Generation Gaussian Process...
Virtual beam diagnostics relies on computationally intensive beam dynamics simulations where high-dimensional charged particle beams evolve through the accelerator. We propose Latent Evolution Model (LEM), a hybrid machine learning framework with an autoencoder that projects high-dimensional phase spaces into lower-dimensional representations, coupled with transformers to learn temporal...
We present a modular, AI-ready control and monitoring infrastructure developed for the 76-inch isochronous cyclotron at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis. The system combines a GPU-accelerated Python GUI engine on a high-performance Linux workstation with a LabVIEW-based supervisory platform for real-time control and data acquisition.
Communication between...
The Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology (FAST) Facility at FNAL is a dedicated research and development center focused on advancing particle accelerator technologies for future applications worldwide. Currently, a key objective of FAST Operations is to commission the 2.5 MeV IOTA Proton Injector (IPI) and enable proton injection into the IOTA storage ring. The low and medium-energy...
Modern accelerator facilities operate with a large number of variables, many of which can influence beam quality. While most of these variables are constrained within predefined boundary conditions, slow fluctuations over extended periods—from tens of minutes to a full day—can still significantly degrade beam performance. Due to their gradual nature and the difficulty in distinguishing...
Drifting optimal settings and changing working conditions force accelerator operators to keep re-tuning control systems. At BNL, the RHIC injector complex accelerates many different ion species by varying a multitude of control knobs. In this report, we investigate the use of Bayesian optimization (BO) of the Booster-to-AGS (BtA) transfer line to maximize the beam brightness in the AGS. The...
To support constants lookup for the SciBmad project, we introduced AtomicAndPhysicalConstants.jl, a Julia package that provides physical constants, subatomic particle properties, and atomic isotope data. It aggregates datasets from NIST (CODATA) and the Particle Data Group, offering a unified interface. The package supports configurable unit systems and data types, and integrates with the...
The Fermilab Linac delivers 400 MeV H- beam. Variations in environmental factors and Ion Source output result in day-to-day longitudinal phase drift leading to increased beam loss. Traditionally, phase drift is corrected by manual RF cavity phase adjustments, a process that is labor-intensive and suboptimal. This work explores machine learning-based automation of drift correction using...
Neutron scattering experiments are crucial for the exploration of molecular structure in compounds. The HB-2A neutron powder diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory conducts magnetic studies of samples by illuminating them with different energy neutron beams and recording the scattered neutrons. Proper and consistent alignment of the sample is necessary...
Neutron scattering experiments are a critical tool for the investigation of molecular structure in compounds. The HB-2A neutron powder diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at ORNL conducts magnetic studies of samples by illuminating them with different energy neutron beams and recording the scattered neutrons. Proper identification and alignment of samples during an experiment is...
We present a data-driven characterisation of the photocathode gun at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) using Bayesian inference, combined with OPAL beam dynamics simulations. Our methodology employs readily available YAG screen diagnostics to perform calibration across a range of experimental conditions, including varying cathode voltages, laser profiles, and beam currents. By...
This paper describes the foil structure used at the beam extraction point in the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) beamline. The stripping foil removes electrons from incoming ions, rendering them partially or fully stripped. Foils of various materials and thicknesses are employed, enabling ion species at different energies to pass through. As charged particles traverse a foil, the...
For the PIP-II program, transverse emittance in the Fermilab Booster must remain well controlled at higher bunch intensities. 4-plate beam position monitors (BPMs) have a small but measurable quadrupole moment, making it possible to infer transverse emittance. By compositing many BPMs together, it becomes possible to improve the quality of the quadrupole signal. The Fermilab Booster BPM system...
We present the results of time-based, bunch length measurements in the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade booster synchrotron using the bunch duration monitor (BDM) optical diagnostic. The BDM diagnostic is based on the detection of visible-wavelength synchrotron radiation. The detector is a metal-semiconductor-metal device followed by 42 dB of wide-band amplifier gain. Bunch duration is...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab imposes stringent requirements on the elimination of out-of-time beam in its pulsed proton beam, a requirement known as “extinction”. Utilizing a new μTCA-based FPGA data acquisition system, we recorded live particle data from scattered particles incident on an array of quartz Cherenkov radiators and photomultiplier tubes to measure the extinction in the...
RadiaBeam and University of Colorado Boulder have developed a 3D beam position monitor based on the well-established electro-optic sampling (EOS) technique, enabling non-interceptive, ultrafast position monitoring of high-intensity femtosecond beams. Based on the initial prototype of the 2D EOS-BPM, using 1 pair of crystals, installed at SLAC FACET-II, this 3D design has undergone several...
A new beam position monitor (BPM) pick-up, compatible to operate reliably with the high current electron beams foreseen in the 5 - 18 GeV Electron Storage Ring (ESR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) project, is presented. We discuss a few design options for this button-style BPM pick-up with a focus on output signal levels, position characteristic, and wakefield effects. Regarding the...
We report progress on the design of a Phase Diversity Electro-Optic Sampling (DEOS)-based longitudinal profile measurement system. The current design uses THz coherent transition radiation (CTR) to convey the bunch’s longitudinal information. A 1550nm fiber laser available at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator facility will be used as the probe for electro-optic sampling. Specifically, we...
Beam Position Monitors are critical instruments in accelerator facilities, providing precise beam orbit measurements with tens of nanometers resolutions, essential for the operation of current linac-based FELs and future linear colliders. In this report, we introduce the development and successful testing of a pulsed RF burst source specifically designed for BPM calibration. The source was...
Wide-bandgap semiconductors, such as single-crystal diamond and sapphire, can be used to measure the flux of passing particles through a particle-induced conductivity effect. We recently demonstrated a diamond-based, electrodeless electron beam halo monitor. This monitor utilized a thin diamond blade placed within an open, high-quality microwave resonator. The blade partially intercepted the...
Optical transition radiation (OTR) beam profile monitors are widely used to measure the transverse profiles of low-charge electron bunches at advanced linear accelerator facilities such as LCLS-II and FACET-II. However, in scenarios involving strong longitudinal compression or microbunching-induced current spikes, the incoherent OTR signal—proportional to the transverse beam density—is often...
As light source facilities evolve, upgrading fast orbit feedback systems is essential for improving beam stability. NSLS-II is planning an upgrade to NSLS-IIU, which introduces stricter stability requirements for advanced experiments. To address this, we developed a next-generation fast orbit feedback prototype system to enhance noise suppression and extend control bandwidth beyond 1 kHz. A...
High-resolution diagnostic instruments for measuring particle beam profile and charge are essential for characterizing the improved performance of charged particle accelerators. Beam diagnostics based on synthetic single crystal diamond (SCD) exhibit superior radiation-hardness, chemical stability, fast saturated drift speed, and unparalleled thermal conductivity. At Los Alamos National...
Digital cameras are critical diagnostics at test beam facilities. At FACET-II, there are over 100 digital cameras in operation. The 10 GeV electron beams cause high levels of radiation, which makes profile monitors susceptible to two types of failures: single-event upsets (SEU) and permanent death. The Camera Watchdog software was deployed to monitor and automatically power cycle cameras in...
Accelerators are complex systems composed of tens of thousands of individual components requiring continuous maintenance. Aging facilities such as LANSCE face an increased rate of equipment failures, resulting in costly unscheduled shutdowns for maintenance. Early identification and localization of problems along the accelerator can mitigate future failures during scheduled maintenance periods...
Increasing the performance and capabilities of free electron lasers, such as LCLS-II, hinges on our ability to precisely control and measure the 6-dimensional phase space distribution of the beam. However, conventional tomographic techniques necessitate a substantial number of measurements and computational resources to characterize a single beam distribution, using many hours of valuable beam...
A series of simulations and beam studies were conducted at Fermilab’s linear accelerator to evaluate the effectiveness of longitudinal emittance control via laser-induced photoionization. While similar laser techniques have been employed at Fermilab to enhance injection and extraction efficiency into the Booster, the work presented here focuses on extending these methods to bunch-by-bunch...
The RF beam sweeper at ATLAS facility plays a key role in the production of radioactive ion beams by enabling time-of-flight-based separation, thereby improving the purity of in-flight rare isotope beams. The current sweeper operates 6 MHz and achieves a maximum deflecting voltage of 55 kV. However, the enhanced beam capabilities introduced by the Argonne In-flight Ion separator (RAISOR)...
As the design complexity of modern accelerators grows, there is more interest in using advanced simulations and algorithms that have fast execution time or yield additional insights. One notable example are the gradients of physical observables with respect to design parameters, which are broadly useful in optimization and uncertainty analysis. The IOTA/FAST facility has been working on...
We present the development of a machine learning (ML) regulation system for third-order resonant beam extraction in the Mu2e experiment at Fermilab. Classical and ML-based controllers have been optimized using semi-analytic simulations and evaluated in terms of regulation performance and training efficiency. We compare several controller architectures and discuss the integration of neural...
The UC Davis Crocker Nuclear Laboratory (CNL) operates a 76-inch Isochronous Cyclotron dating to the 1960s. Recent experiments have revealed unexplained beam behavior, which cannot be directly measured with the current diagnostics. Direct measurements of the beam in the Cyclotron are challenging due to the harsh environment, including high radiation, strong magnetic fields, RF interference,...
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator test facility will be upgrading the RF photoinjector with a new symmetrized RF photogun (named G4) in order to increase beam brightness and stability. In conjunction with G4, three new solenoid coils have been commissioned to replace the previous solenoids, with new considerations to preserve field symmetry and combat higher order modes within the coil that...
Field emission (FE) has been one of the limiting factors in achieving high gradients in superconducting RF cavities. While the causes for FE are mostly known (contaminants on the inner cavity surface, dust, gases adsorbed…), identifying the exact location of field emitters has been a challenge. A detection system developed by Kyoto University has been developed to address this task, the sXmap...
Because of aging, and product discontinuity, LANSCE is investigating the replacement of high power RF amplifiers. A promising candidate is the GaN solid-state power amplifier (SSPA). For a high drain voltage, the drain power dissipation of SSPA is increased as the operating efficiency becomes low. The outphasing technique provides high efficiency operation of the SSPA. The outphasing ...
The Muon to Electron Experiment (Mu2e) requires a uniform beam profile from the Muon Delivery Ring to meet their experimental needs. A specialized Spill Regulation System (SRS) has been developed to help achieve consistent spill uniformity. The system is based on a custom-designed carrier board featuring an Arria 10 SoC, capable of executing real-time feedback control. The FPGA processes beam...
A full-featured interface package to the Generalised Truncated Power Series Algebra (GTPSA) library in MAD-NG has been implemented in the Julia programming language. GTPSA performs fast Taylor-mode automatic differentiation (AD) of functions to arbitrary orders in the specified variables and parameters. In particular, GTPSA excels at computing derivatives to high orders (>1) and high numbers...
The high-brightness beams used by modern light sources and accelerators present a new challenge for machince protection. These beams, through impacts with beam intercepting components such as collimators, may generate high-energy-density (HED) conditions capable of causing significant damage to machine components. One significant issue in studying these dynamics is that lack of simulation...
SLAC’s LCLS-II delivers attosecond X-ray pulses at high repetition rates, targeting 1 MHz. Meeting this challenge requires hardware-optimized, low-latency pipelines for real-time, single-shot diagnostics. We present a heterogeneous data processing approach for the Multi-Resolution Cookiebox (MRCO) detector—an array of 16 electron time-of-flight spectrometers with tunable flight lenses and...
The impedance of in-vacuum undulators (IVUs) significantly affect the broadband impedance and, consequently, the beam dynamics in storage rings. During the IVU design phase, numerous iterative discussions between physicists and engineers are required, often involving extensive simulations of the complete 3D geometry, a few meters long, using limited computational resources. In this paper, we...
Accurately recording an electron bunch’s longitudinal profile is an important diagnostic for wakefield accelerators employing shaped bunches to increase transformer ratios. Electro-optic sampling of terahertz radiation from the bunch is an attractive approach due to its non-destructive nature. In preparation for future characterization experiments, the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator test...
We report on adding a muti-wavelength emission and absorption diagnostic to the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) H− ion source, a filament/arc driven, multi-cusp, surface conversion system. In this work we are better quantifying our runtime and source recycle processes. The LANSCE source is used in repeated four-week run cycles during the annual six-month run period. Here, we test...
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and its Booster serve as part of the injector compound for RHIC and the future EIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Injection and early acceleration processes set maximum beam brightness for the collider rings. Such processes have many control parameters and are traditionally optimized empirically by operators. In an effort to streamline the injection...
A prototype colliding beam accelerator has been fabricated for the study of a fusion-based propulsion concept for interplanetary exploration. The purpose of this prototype is to demonstrate collider luminosities commensurate with the requirements of this application. While fusion fuels such as p/Li7 and He3/He3 would generate the required thrust characteristics, this prototype currently...
Advances in fidelity and performance of accelerator modeling tools, in tandem with novel machine learning capabilities, has prompted community initiatives aiming to realize “virtual test stands” that can serve as true analogues to physical machines. Such efforts require integrated, end-to-end modeling capabilities with support for parametric optimization and benchmarking. We present the...
The Proton Storage Ring (PSR) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accumulates a 625-μs-long beam and compresses it into a 290-ns-long (base-to-base) short pulse for delivery to the Lujan Center. Due to its high-intensity operation, the PSR also functions as a highly-sensitive mass spectrometer for the entire accelerator complex. Changes in PSR beam losses are more responsive to...
Variations in the applied electric field in the Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) affects the time of flight for the ionized particles (primarily electrons) which could affect the measured transverse beam profile. In addition, the applied electric field may affect the space charge of the ionized electrons inside the IPM. In this paper, we present an experimental beam study of RHIC IPM profiles,...
A significant portion of the Low-Level Radio Frequency (LLRF) hardware in Jefferson Lab’s CEBAF is from the original construction of the facility using 1980’s CAMAC technology. Of the fifty-three zones in CEBAF, thirty-six of them are legacy hardware. The age of the legacy system has led to difficulties in maintaining the hardware due to parts going obsolete without suitable drop in...
The emittance exchange (EEX) beamline at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) is designed to transfer properties of an electron beam phase space between the transverse and longitudinal planes. Recently, it has been proposed this beamline could be used to convert a microscale transverse modulation created by a TEM grid into a microbunch train in the longitudinal plane.* Such a technique...
Digital twins of particle accelerators are used to plan and control operations and design data collection campaigns. However, a digital twin relies on parameters that are hard to measure directly, e.g., magnet alignments, power supply transfer functions, magnet nonlinearities, and stray fields. These parameters can be constrained by beam position and profile measurements. We use Bayesian...
We describe the ongoing efforts to apply Machine Learning techniques to improve the performance of our accelerator and target. Specially, we are looking to minimize halo beam losses in the absence of a proper physics model, automatically detect and log anomalies in the target support systems such as cooling, and detect and prevent errant beam pulses in the linac. We also describe the...
State-of-the-art simulation of accelerator facilities such as Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) involves modeling charged particle dynamics in six-dimensional (6D) phase space under the influence of nonlinear collective effects, including space charge and coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR). Accurately capturing these effects typically requires simulating hundreds of thousands of...
Calculating the effects of Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) is one of the most computationally expensive tasks in accelerator physics. Here, we use convolutional neural networks (CNN's), along with a latent conditional diffusion (LCD) model, trained on physics-based simulations to speed up calculations. Specifically, we produce the 3D CSR wakefields generated by electron bunches in...
The performance of particle accelerators is critically dependent on the reliability of their power supplies, which can number in the thousands in many facilities. In this work, we present a method for monitoring temperature anomalies in power supplies using infrared (IR) imaging. By applying various machine learning algorithms to the IR imaging data, we develop a reliable anomaly detection...
Achieving high-precision, in situ measurements of electric fields is a critical challenge in ultrafast science and accelerator diagnostics. We are developing an approach using photoconductive sampling with micro-fabricated devices to map electron beam fields with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. This technique enables the first direct 3D vector field measurements of electron beams,...
Premature activation of the insertion device (ID) minimum-gap limit switches was observed during beamline commissioning at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU). This issue was traced to vertical deformation of the insertion device vacuum chamber (IDVC) due to temperature differences with its strongback. Direct measurements of temperature and vertical displacement of IDVC in a selected...
End-to-end simulations of intense relativistic electron beams generated by linear induction accelerators (LIA) often involve two-step processes whereby the beam creation is simulated using particle-in-cell (PIC) methods before a handoff to less computationally-expensive methods, e.g. beam envelope solvers, to determine sufficiently robust beam tunes. Because of this hand-off, fields that...
As part of a broader effort to modernize beam diagnostics at SLAC, we are developing a new middle-layer application to support wire scan measurements using Python. This tool is designed to replace aging MATLAB GUIs with a streamlined framework that interfaces directly with EPICS and Beam Synchronous Acquisition systems. The middle layer manages the complete wire scan workflow while emphasizing...
Machine learning methods have been increasingly used to model complex physical processes that are difficult to address with traditional approaches, especially when these processes exhibit temporal dynamics or require real-time implementation. The linear accelerator (LINAC) at the LANSCE facility is one such system. While a high-resolution simulation tool, HPSim, exists, the complexity and high...
The Advanced Computational Electromagnetic 3D Parallel simulation suite (ACE3P), developed by SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, is a state-of-the-art multi-physics toolkit designed for virtual prototyping of accelerator and RF components. Leveraging over two decades of development, ACE3P integrates advanced physics modeling, including thermal and structural modeling, capabilities with...
FACET-II is a unique experimental facility housed in 1 km of the original Stanford Linear Accelerator tunnel. Multiple generations of hardware are still in use, as are two generations of software controls. A majority of subsystems (RF, magnets, timing, etc.) have their controls split across both ecosystems. Three software layers, including a newly-developed online modeling infrastructure,...
At NSLS-II, the vertical emittance of electron beam is typically blown up to ~30 pm with a coupling wave to increase beam lifetime during user operation. As more and more insertion devices are added to the storage ring, injection efficiency to the ring drops noticeably in certain machine states, apparently due to degraded dynamic apertures. To help alleviate this issue, we have recently...
The NSLS-II is a cutting-edge 3 GeV storage ring light source around the world. The electron beam is initially accelerated in a linear accelerator to an energy of 170 MeV and subsequently accelerated in a booster synchrotron to a beam energy of 3 GeV. Therefore, the performance of the Linac and the Linac-to-Booster beam lines is imperative for beam injection to the booster. Online optimization...
Analyzing the betatron oscillation of a beam is mainly used to find focusing errors in the lattice, like quadrupole errors. The generated trajectory differences can be compared with the design lattice or the current machine lattice where some magnets have been changed for different purposes or accidentally. Each method has different advantages and disadvantages like finding a quadrupole which...
We present results from online optimization studies of a duoplasmatron ion source designed to produce 50 keV protons for acceleration to 2.5 MeV and subsequent injection into the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. Using a Bayesian exploration technique, we developed multi-parameter models of the source’s proton current and employed these models to optimize its performance....
Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is a limiting effect in linear accelerators with dispersive elements due to its contribution to projected transverse emittance growth. This effect becomes a limitation for highly compressed beams. Even though CSR-induced projected emittance growth has been widely studied, conventional measurement techniques are not detailed enough to resolve the...
A harp system is being developed for monitoring proton beam profile direct upstream of the proton beam window at the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It consists of two sensor planes which have arrays of thin conducting wires aligned vertically and horizontally, respectively. It monitors beam profiles in two transverse directions to the...
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility has just completed an upgrade to become one of the world’s brightest storage-ring light sources. Machine learning (ML) methods have seen extensive use during commissioning. One important application was multi-objective tuning of dynamic aperture and lifetime, a complex high-dimensionality task intractable with classic optimization methods. In this work...
Modern particle accelerator optimization requires sophisticated computational methods to address the inherently stochastic nature of beam dynamics. This research develops a framework applying AD to SDEs that specifically addresses beam dynamics challenges in particle accelerators, focusing on accurately modeling and optimizing beam behavior in regimes dominated by stochastic processes. By...
The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator test facility is dedicated to research on advanced acceleration, beam manipulation, and beam production. With a focus primarily in the development and testing of high-gradient wakefield-accelerator structures, the drive beamline RF photoinjector is capable of delivering high charge (100s of nC) 65 MeV electron bunch trains. We present the planned upgrades to...
Electron bunches in storage rings are typically short (~100 ps) and separated by long periods of time (>2 ns). A pulse dilation photomultiplier tube offers a new way of measuring high bandwidth optical pulses using low bandwidth oscilloscopes. Experiments performed by others have demonstrated a temporal resolution of 12 ps, meeting requirements for electron bunches expected for the Advanced...
Streak cameras are flexible cameras used to measure the temporal profile of optical pulses. Streak cameras have been employed to measure the longitudinal beam profile on accelerators around the world. In the present work, we highlight a potential alternative to a new streak camera. We consider particularly linear (Pockels) and quadratic (Kerr) electro-optical nonlinearity solid-state streaking...
Accurate measurement of longitudinal beam parameters is critical for optimizing high-intensity linear accelerators, yet remains difficult for non-relativistic proton and ion beams. The Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) is a diagnostic device designed to measure the longitudinal profile of charged particle beams. It operates by inserting a thin wire into the beam path, which emits secondary electrons...
By pairing the effects of a transverse deflecting cavity and dipole magnet, a beam's longitudinal phase space (LPS) can be imaged on a screen. However, the emittance of the beam, chromatic focusing, and other effects are convolved into the resulting screen image, functionally blurring it, reducing the fidelity of the LPS measurement. Here, we explore the use of both conventional, space-variant...
Non-invasive and fast beam emittance measurement is highly demanded for accelerated multi-charge-states heavy ion beams. The driver linac of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams is the first accelerator intended to accelerate multiple charge states of stripped heavy ion beams and deliver up to 400 kW to the isotope production target. Emittance measurements of, for example, five charge states of...
Superconducting undulators (SCUs) have gained significant interest due to their advantages over permanent magnet undulators, including the ability to achieve higher magnetic fields and shorter periods, leading to enhanced photon energy gain. As part of the SCU project at SLAC, an X-band cavity beam position monitor (BPM) has been designed and fabricated. This BPM plays a crucial role in the...
Multileaf collimators (MLC) are versatile tools for beam shaping, both transversely or, when used in conjunction with an emittance exchange (EEX) beamline, longitudinally. The requirement for ultra-high vacuum compatibility introduces significant constraints on the design of a MLC. Here, we present a novel design for a MLC based on stacks of rotors with angularly dependent radii. The use of...
We report on the performance of a secondary electron monitor (SEM) grid for determining the transverse profile of an MeV range electron beam tested at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory’s NLCTA facility. When inserted into the path of the electron beam, secondary electron emission results in a measurable current on the wires that make up the grid. We present measurements using this technique...
The upgraded Advanced Photon Source (APS) is using twelve Radio Frequency (RF) cavities from the original APS RF system to compensate for beam energy loss. Undamped higher order modes (HOMs) from these cavities pose a risk of instability under the new APS conditions. Dimtel iGp12 processor-based bunch-by-bunch Longitudinal Feedback (LFB) system is developed to address longitudinal...
We present an ongoing work in which a surrogate model is being developed to reproduce the response dynamics of the third-integer resonant extraction process in the Delivery Ring (DR) at Fermilab. This is in pursuit of smoothly extracting circulating beam to the Mu2e Experiment’s production target, whereby the goal is to extract a uniform slice of the circulating 1e12 protons in the DR over...
The upgraded Advanced Photon Source (APS) features a 1408 MHz superconducting Bunch Lengthening System (BLS) to improve beam lifetime and emittance. The main RF system is significantly affected by ambient 60 Hz-harmonics noise, complicating the measurement of synchrotron frequency under varying higher harmonic cavity conditions. To address this, using Dimtel iGp12 processor-based longitudinal...
A new beamline steering software system is being developed for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) accelerator storage ring. This system comprises three main components: The main steering server, which performs the actual beamline steering; The beamline steering server, which monitors users' steering requests and forwards them to the main steering server; And an operational steering...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project aims to enhance the performance and capabilities of the APS, delivering brighter and more coherent x-ray beams to support cutting-edge scientific research. A critical component of this upgrade is the front-end X-ray Beam Position Monitor (XBPM) system, which plays a vital role in ensuring beam stability and precision. This paper presents the...
The advancement of high-field magnets utilizing high-temperature superconductors (HTS) brings about complex challenges, especially in quench detection and protection. Traditional methods often fall short due to the inherently slow quench propagation in HTS materials. One promising approach to overcome this involves using a bifilar winding configuration, where two conductors are placed side by...
Precise characterization of the beam distribution is essential for matching the incoming beam and optimizing injection into storage rings. We present a method to efficiently reconstruct the full 5×5 beam sigma matrix (excluding the time coordinates) at the booster-to-storage-ring (BTS) transport line at the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U). Earlier works demonstrated that the beam sigma...
Cavity beam position monitors (CBPMs) are very high-precision devices that, in recent years, have progressed from experimental equipment to standard linac diagnostics in many prominent facilities, most notably free electron lasers. However, the high sensitivity of these devices comes at the cost of a limited measurement range, even with high dynamic range electronics. Furthermore, CBPMs need...
We present recent development of transverse phase space tomographic reconstruction techniques at FACET-II. We present implementation of such techniques in the FACET-II injector, and utilize it to characterize the two-bunch from photocathode configurations. We demonstrate the characterization of two-bunch phase space misalignment and its potential control and application in PWFA experiments. We...
Particle accelerators are highly complex, non-linear systems that require rapid tuning during operation to meet requirements on beam qualities for applications in different scientific disciplines. Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization (MOBO) has been recently demonstrated at SLAC MeV-UED facility for speeding up online electron beam tunings and obtaining Pareto Fronts giving trade-offs between...
Recent trends in power electronics indicate increasing demand for fast response switching networks with sub nanosecond switching speed at a variety of volt-ages. Gate driving networks meet the desired switching speeds using COTS (Commercial Off-The Shelf) parts. This work describes an IVA (Inductive Voltage Adder) system capable of switching in the single digits of ns with a projected voltage...
The closed-off structure of the Fermilab Drift Tube Linac precludes a robust array of instrumentation from directly monitoring the H- beam that is accelerated from 750 keV to 116 MeV. To improve beam tuning and operational assessment of Drift Tube Linac performance, scintillator-based loss monitors were previously installed along the exterior of the first two accelerating cavities to assess...
Effective control of power reflections in high-power RF systems is essential for maintaining energy efficiency and protecting system components. Virtual Critical Coupling (VCC) is a novel approach that allows to eliminate reflections by temporally shaping a complex frequency excitation signal in a resonator to ensure that it fully traps all impinging energy. The absorbed energy is stored in...
Conventional methods for measuring lower-energy particle beams (<several MeV), such as Faraday cups, moving wire scanners, and scintillators, are invasive and become impractical for higher-energy beams that exceed material tolerances. Current techniques for detecting beam drift often rely on spill radiation monitoring or beam position devices with off-axis electrodes, which can produce...
