Conveners
Poster Session 2
- Roberto Appio (MAX IV Laboratory)
The girder adjustment system of TPS storage ring can fine adjust each girder in 6 axes with 6 kinematic mounting motorized cam movers. The installation of the TPS had demonstrated this design. However, this design is freely mounted with gravity and the 1st natural frequency is less than 30 Hz even with supplement side locking system. Moreover, the motor controller restricts the beginning power...
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) upgrade from double-bend achromats (DBA) to multi-bend achro-mats (MBA) lattice is completed. All storage ring components and front ends were installed between April 2023 to April 2024 and fully commissioned. Some major changes have been made on front ends since our last front end design paper published in MEDSI2018 proceedings. The changes are: 1) Removed...
This study reveals the limitations of indium as a thermal interface material for LN2-cooled monochromator crystal. Under clamping force, the indium foil forms excessively strong contact with the cooling block and the crystal, exhibiting a bonding-like characteristic. This transmits the shear force generated by the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the cooling block and the...
The PETRA IV project involves the refurbishment of the 2.3 km PETRA accelerator to accommodate almost 40 beamlines. It also includes the conversion and construction of numerous buildings, including a large experimental hall, with first light planned for 2032. To support planning and design with a model-based approach, a comprehensive, integrated CAD model has been set up. The model comprises...
In synchrotron light sources, electromagnets are used to bend and accelerate electron beams. In 4th generation sources, the electron beam can fit in smaller bore accelerators, allowing the use of permanent magnets, which have many advantages over electromagnets. This poster focuses on the mechanical design, fabrication and testing of two compact permanent magnet systems, which have a 1:5...
The Australian Synchrotron is now in its 18th year of operation and currently planning for its future. Over the past 1.5 years there as been a facility wide initiative to draft a Conceptual Design Report for a new synchrotron to meet the future needs of Australia and the region. This poster will present the high level concepts of the proposed facility summarizing key design philosophies and...
The higher brightness of 4th-generation storage rings comes with smaller beam sizes and narrower radiation cones, which in turn can deposit higher power density in the optical components. Maximizing the stability from the source to the sample via the many optical components depends on good mechanics and dealing effectively with the increased heat load. This paper presents the cooled...
Korea-4GSR, which is currently being developed in Korea, aims to provide high performance photon beams. In this work, I present the design and thermodynamic simulation of the photon absorption system to be installed in Korea-4GSR. In synchrotron accelerators, managing the intense photon flux generated by bending magnets and insertion devices is very important for maintaining the accelerator's...
The Advanced Light Source Upgrade (ALS-U) will increase the brightness and coherent flux of soft X-rays by a factor of 100 through the use of a multibend achromat lattice. While maintaining a similar number of beamlines, this enhancement introduces significant challenges in packaging photon transport line (PTL) components and managing elevated thermal loads within increasingly constrained...
China initiative Accelerator Driven System (CiADS) consists of a 350m-long linac, a spallation target, a sub-critical reactor and several experimental terminals. The linac will provide protons at the energy of 500MeV with 2.5MW power. In order to keep the uncontrolled beam loss along the beam transport line before entering the target and the reactor less than 1 W/m, a two-stage collimation...
This study presents the design and fabrication of a me-chanical compensation system aimed at neutralizing the magnetic attraction forces inherent in insertion devices (IDs) used in synchrotron radiation facilities. In long IDs, such as those measuring 4 meters in length, multiple compensation modules—typically four—are required to maintain structural stability and magnetic field uniformi-ty....
The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) storage ring employs a traditional four-kicker bump off-axis injection scheme, which can introduce perturbations to the stored beam during the injection phase. To address these issues and facilitate stable top-up injection, a Nonlinear In-vacuum Kicker (NIK) has been developed. This innovative device is specifically designed to produce zero magnetic fields in...
In order to improve and extend the current diagnostic system of the third-generation synchrotron radiation source BESSY II, a source point imaging system is being developed. This paper presents the conceptual design, including technical requirements, simulation results, and expectations for the optical transport line and mechanical integration. The design aims to ensure beam quality during...
SPring-8 will be upgraded to SPring-8-II, a fourth-generation synchrotron with a multi-bend achromat lattice, by 2028. The beam energy will be reduced from 8 to 6 GeV, substantially lowering emittance. To further reduce the emittance, a damping wiggler is planned for installation in a 30 m straight section. High-energy X-ray above 100 keV are in demand for industrial use, but lowering the beam...
For the new pulse-length-preserving monochromator beamline FL23 at FLASH2, the beam is horizontally decoupled from the straight line at FL24 by means of a non-planar mirror. The mirror is adjustable in all three rotational degrees of freedom. The bearings for yaw and pitch are mounted outside the vacuum. For the roll movement, the mirror is mounted in two bearings that have a large enough...
Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) has developed various double crystal monochromators (DCMs) using domestic technologies and is currently pursuing a new design focused on enhanced performance and mechanical stability. This study introduces the design and fabrication of a next-generation DCM optimized to minimize thermal deformation under high heat loads and suppress mechanical vibrations for...
This paper focuses on the design of an adjustable permanent dipole magnet that achieves changes in magnetic field strength through mechanical adjustment. The use of permanent magnets, as opposed to electromagnets, offers several advantages, including a compact structure, reduced energy consumption, and stable magnetic field. However, challenges remain in replacing electromagnets with permanent...
A dummy vacuum chamber for the straight sections of the Siam Photon Source-II storage ring has been successfully developed to validate the mechanical design and fabrication process. The main chamber was fabricated using extruded aluminum alloy from a local company and chemically cleaned prior to welding. A custom circular cross-section with an inner diameter of 62.71 mm and a wall thickness of...
Mechanical benders are classical instruments for shaping X-ray mirror surfaces with high precision. A circular flexure bender has been developed at SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) for a 1200 mm-long hard X-ray mirror with an effective optical length of 1000 mm. Elliptical bending in the tangential direction is achieved using two actuators equipped with high-precision force...
Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALF) is a diffraction-limited light source in the soft X-ray range. It provides a powerful tool for nano-focusing, ultra-high spectral-resolution power experiments and applications. To fully utilize the source characteristics, beamline mirrors and manipulators require high accuracy and stability. In phase I, 10 beamlines will be built, requiring dozens of mirrors...
This work presents a novel design for a cryogenically cooled permanent magnet undulator (CPMU), advancing compact, high-field insertion devices for synchrotron light source PETRA IV at DESY. Operating at cryogenic temperatures allows significantly smaller gaps and higher fields than conventional undulators. The proposed 4 m long device, the longest of its kind, uses high-performance PrFeB...
Integrating permanent magnets as substitutes for large electromagnets offers advantages such as energy savings, space efficiency, and low maintenance. An electromagnetic dipole magnet on the TPS transfer line is proposed to be replaced by a permanent magnet. This permanent magnet will be hybridized with an electrical coil to allow fine tuning of the magnetic field. Additionally, an NMR system...
Permanent Magnets (PM) have been used in Synchrotron Light Sources for years, but PM’s do not have natural tuning capabilities. So, the use of Magic Fingers (MF) has been implemented to improve field quality in Insertion Devices and other PM designs. NSLS-II has been developing a new lattice design called “Complex Bend”$*$ using Permanent Magnet Quadrupole (PMQ) to replace the long dipole...
This presentation will detail the development and testing of the Diamond-II girder and support system for the Diamond-II storage ring. Key topics include the design choices for the mechanical positioning system, comprehensive vibration test and analysis, alignment, and transport testing. Additionally, the laser tracker survey processes and impact on alignment uncertainty will be discussed. The...
A main application of Laue diffraction in thick bent crystals is on developing high energy/high power monochromators for synchrotron sources. Whereas most of the studies mainly focuses on modelling and simulation of ideal shapes, e.g., cylindrical deformation, this work adds as well a wide set of mechanical and optical measurements performed on 2 mm thickness double bent Laue crystal...
The Elettra 2.0 project is upgrading the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility to 4th generation standards. This paper presents the overall photon absorption strategy adopted in the design, which includes both distributed and localized absorption of emitted photons, focusing on discrete photon absorbers and their geometrical configurations within the storage ring. All discrete photon...
The X-ray Optics Laboratory at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory is advancing synchrotron radiation research by enhancing X-ray mirror performance through in-house precision metrology and coating technologies. A thin-film deposition system was developed for coating X-ray mirrors up to 1 meter in length. By precisely controlling the substrate stage speed, the system can correct and modify the...
The fourth-generation X-ray source Elettra 2.0, currently under development, aims to significantly enhance the brilliance and coherence of the emitted light, with high currents and ultra-low emittances as design goals. Fourth generation machines have tight constraints in terms of beam coupling impedance, requiring that the flanged connections along the beam orbit contributes as less as...
The development of the Nonlinear In-vacuum Kicker (NIK) is one of the key projects of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). Efficient conduction of the image current generated by the stored beam requires the deposition of a highly conductive titanium thin film on the inner surface of the NIK ceramic chamber. Based on tests involving the sputtering of a 5.5 μm titanium film onto a 34 cm × 6 cm...
Precise magnet alignment and mechanical stability are critical challenges in the design of support structures for the PETRA IV synchrotron radiation facility at DESY. Due to the limitations of the existing tunnel infrastructure, magnets must be pre-aligned on girders with high precision before installation, while the girders themselves must accommodate relative tunnel movement and meet...
The highly coherent beam delivered by the Extremely Brilliant Source allows improving beam quality and size on long nano-beamlines. To benefit from this upgrade, the focusing mirrors of the Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) and its mechanics were redesigned to improve the nano-beam stability in the versatile experimental setup of ID01 beamline. The optical design to get a 50nmx50nm beam lead to two fixed...
This project explores the use of advanced 3D scanning technology at MAX IV, focusing on the Leica RTC360 scanner to capture high-precision scans of accelerator tunnels and restricted beamline areas. Known for its rapid scanning and accuracy (1.9mm at 10m), the RTC360 generates detailed 3D models of these complex environments. The goal is to produce accurate digital representations to aid in...
A 4th generation storage ring based light source is being developed in Korea since 2021. It features <60 pm rad intrinsic beam emittance, about 800 m circumference, 4 GeV e-beam energy, full energy booster injection, and more than 40 beamlines which includes more than 24 insertion device (ID) beamlines. To optimize the beam emittances, longitudinal gradient bending magnet is applied in the...
Wiggler sources thermally challenge mirrors particularly when multiple reflection angles are required for variable energy cutoff. A newly installed vertically deflecting collimating mirror at SLAC-SSRL utilizes longitudinally variable conductivity between the cooling water and the mirror, strategically remapping the Gaussian heat bump to produce a spherical thermal deformation that can more...
This paper presents the latest photoinjector gun developed for the Short Pulse Facility (SPF) at MAX IV. The focus is on the mechanical design, which has been optimized around a simulated RF internal volume to ensure high performance and precision. Key areas of investigation include RF tuning strategies, thermal management via integrated internal cooling channels, and the challenges...
Quadrupole magnets for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) focus and defocus the electron beam according to the lattice design. This work investigates the impact of fabrication errors on the magnetic field of quadrupole magnets. Magnetic field simulations in Opera-3D show that misalignment and assembly errors lead to unwanted multipole components. Mechanical analysis was...
The European XFEL is developing superconducting undulators (SCUs) and planning their implementation with the goal of generating extremely hard X-rays with energies exceeding 40 keV. A key component for the development and quality assurance of SCU coils is SUNDAE1, a vertical liquid helium bath test stand designed for training SCU coils and measuring their magnetic field profiles. This...
A cryogen-free Superconducting Wavelength Shifter (SWLS) designed to generate a peak magnetic field of 6.6 T, operating at 5 K, is currently under development for an upcoming hard X-ray beamline of Sirius, the Brazilian synchrotron fourth-generation light source. This work presents an overview of the mechanical development of several key subsystems of the SWLS. It includes the design and...
This study presents a comprehensive engineering design and finite element analysis (FEA) of booster girders, with a focus on their adaptability to diverse construction environments. Booster girders play a pivotal role in maintaining the structural stability and alignment precision of particle accelerators, necessitating robust performance under variable site conditions. A detailed FEA...
The Korea-4GSR, to be built in Ochang, South Korea by 2030, is a new 4th generation synchrotron radiation facility. It is designed with an electron beam energy of 4 GeV, a stored electron beam current of 400 mA, and an emittance of 62 pm.rad. In Phase I, 10 beamlines will be constructed, five of which will use the IVU24 undulator. When the undulator gap is set to 5 mm, the X-ray source has a...
Transparent injection is a key goal of the upgrade of Diamond Light Source to a fourth-generation synchrotron, Diamond-II. This work presents the mechanical design of the Diamond-II K01 straight, which includes three pairs of injection stripline modules, and highlights the following aspects of the design: the general layout (covering the location of the modules, vacuum pumping, and protection...
Synchrotron light sources commonly provide users with two types of insertion devices for experiments in biology, medicine, and other fields: in-vacuum undulators (IU) with short period lengths for medium-energy photon sources and cryogenic permanent magnet undulators (CPMU) for higher photon energy. The strong magnetic field generates significant forces on the insertion device magnets, leading...
This work presents the mechanical engineering design of the Diamond-II injector, which includes a new low-emittance booster with combined function magnets, modifications to the existing transfer lines and a novel storage ring injection scheme. The latter features two alternative schemes: the first scheme is based on a traditional four-kicker closed bump paired with a novel in-vacuum thin...
MAX 4U is an upgrade project of the MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, to be realized by the early 2030’s in Lund, Sweden. The goal of the upgrade is to reduce the horizontal electron beam emittance to below 100 pm.rad. A new magnet lattice will be used to achieve this goal. Many different scenarios for different lattices are evaluated from the mechanical engineering aspect to serve as input for the...
At this conference, we introduce an upgraded Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirror system developed by the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) for the PLS-II beamline. PAL is also actively involved in designing KB mirrors for the upcoming Korea 4GSR project, aiming to enhance the overall stability and precision of synchrotron beamline optics. To address vibration and axis instability, the KB mirror...
The Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is under construction and aims at generating X-rays between 0.4 and 25 keV with three FEL beamlines at repetition rates of up to 1 MHz. The three undulator lines of the SHINE are referred to as the FEL-I, FEL-II, and FEL-III. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute(SARI) will manufacture 14 double-period undulators with...
To support the VSR cavities with five protruding waveguides, a space frame was engineered to serve a dual purpose: providing structural support and functioning as tooling during assembly. This space frame facilitates cavity rotation in the cleanroom, simplifying the installation of HOM loads and fundamental power coupler components. Designed specifically for the particular cavity geometry, the...
The European Spallation Source (ESS) is currently in the process of designing and installing 15 neutron beamlines, each aimed at supporting a diverse range of experimental techniques. These beamlines will provide scientists from various fields with unprecedented opportunities for groundbreaking research. The installation of the beamlines presents significant challenges, as both the...
In preparation for the SOLEIL storage ring upgrade, the SWING beamline has replaced its bendable vertically focusing optic with a state of the art mirror. Acceptance tests were conducted at SOLEIL’s Optical Metrology Laboratory. Driven by two stepper motors with absolute encoders, the mirror enables precise torque control and a wide range of elliptical shapes. This presentation will cover...
In this paper, we present the preliminary development and optimization of a bending mirror system conducted as a preparatory study for the Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser (S3FEL).
A prototype of the dynamic bending system is fabricated for experimental validation. It is designed to bend a flat mirror to 500 m radius of curvature (360 m RoC experimentally achieved...
New frontends are required to upgrade the PETRA accelerator to the 4th generation. The design is based on the original design concept developed for the photon beamline frontends at PETRA III. The newly designed frontends aimed at using the same proven components and minimizing of the number of girder variations. In addition, a lot of the old components (complete girder) can be used for the new...
The 8-piece quadrupole method, developed and patented by the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for APS-Upgrade magnets, is a manufacturing and assembly technique in which magnet pole tips and core quarters are machined separately to standard machining tolerances and bolted together during assembly. The APS-U was able to avoid traditional methods of high precision machining to achieve high...
Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a 4th generation synchrotron radiation facility building in Hefei, with a 2.2 GeV storage ring perimeter of 479.86 m and 40 straight sections. In phase I, 11 front ends will be installed, including 10 undulator front ends and 1 bending magnet front end. 10 undulator beamlines will be open to users, while the bending magnet will be used for machine study....
The development of a four-crystal monochromator (4CM) represents a crucial step in advancing beamline instrumentation for PETRA IV, DESY’s upcoming ultralow-emittance synchrotron source. Conceived to fulfil the stringent requirements of fourth generation light sources, the 4CM as a device without high heat load should provide exceptional energy resolution, achieving a small energy bandwidth...
The SOLEIL synchrotron, which has been open to the scientific community since 2008, will benefit from an upgrade aimed at improving the brilliance, coherence, and flux of the X-ray beam delivered. This will make it possible to follow biological processes or the functioning of devices operating at sub-millisecond timescales at nanometric resolution, while sharply reducing the detection limit...
Precise metrology of synchrotron optics is essential for maintaining the performance of X-ray beamlines at diffraction-limited storage rings. We are developing a stitching Fizeau interferometer system designed to measure large synchrotron X-ray mirrors and gratings. Using a stitching approach, the system will provide full-aperture measurements of curved and flat surfaces, with sub-nanometre...
Proton Radiation Effects Facility (PREF) is a dedicated accelerator generating 10-60 MeV proton beams for studying space radiation impacts on satellites and optoelectronics. To achieve a compact and cost-effective synchrotron (circumference of 18 m), an electrostatic septum system was developed, delivering uniform fields of 72 kV/cm (injection) and 135 kV/cm (extraction) at 350 mm and 730 mm...
For this poster presentation, I will present you the entire process for reconstructing and repairing of a defective S-band cavity. The repaired cavity will be used in an Experiment inside the Free Electron Laser (SwissFEL). In the final check we found an error after brazing and we decided to try to fix the cavity before we order new one to save time and costs. The cavity was cleanly separated...
As part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) Project, all 72 beamlines needed to undergo alignment to the new storage ring installation. Prior to beginning the alignment efforts, beamline geometry files were to identify the location of components with respect to the beam source. For new beamline installations, the remaining process was simpler. New components were fiducialized in a...
The design of an accelerator system requires translating the lattice into an engineering design model from which the machine can be built, fulfilling the requirements of beam dynamics and from mechanical engineering. To achieve this in an efficient manner, a systematic and manageable iterative design process has been established, which ensures consistency between the lattice and the mechanical...
In the HEPS (High Energy Photon Source) storage ring, sextupole Movers are employed for Beam Based Alignment. These adjustments serve crucial purposes such as correcting the Optics parameters of the beam and boosting the beam's stability and transmission efficiency. The HEPS Movers are subjected to a heavy load and demand high precision. When attaining a positioning accuracy of 5 μm in both...
ALBA Synchrotron is developing an upgrade project for transforming its accelerator into a diffraction limited storage ring, with twenty-fold reduction of the emittance. The upgrade will be executed before the end of the decade, profiting at maximum all existing infrastructures, as the tunnel, and renewing SR elements such as magnets, vacuum chambers and girders. This paper presents the design...
Currently under construction in Ochang, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea-4GSR is a 4GeV, 4th Generation Synchrotron Light Source. The front end is being designed to pass the powerful synchrotron radiation generated by the insertion device. High heat load components have hence been customized to meet the requirements of beamline users and account for the thermomechanical limits of materials. In the...
The CuCrZr alloy has emerged as a preferred material for thermal absorbers in synchrotron light sources, balancing mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and cost-effectiveness. Yet, thermal fatigue design criteria for CuCrZr components under high-intensity X-ray beam exposure are not well established. This is due to a lack of experimental data from test specimens subjected to several...
This presentation explores the thermal stability of the Diamond storage ring, highlighting significant air temperature variations both spatially and temporally. To monitor component temperatures, 34 Pt1000 temperature sensors have been installed across three girders within the same cell. Observations indicate a 0.5°C increase in girder temperature during machine startup, primarily due to a...
As part of the SLS2.0 upgrade, it was foreseen to upgrade the tuning system of the 3rd harmonic cavity of the storage ring. The complete tuning system is installed in an isolation vacuum and has direct contact to a 4 Kelvin source, which means all components have to perform in cryogenic conditions. The existing system comprised of a standard stepper motor and a coated spindle with two...
A newly constructed infrared (CIRI) beamline at the SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre features a front-end mirror positioning system capable of inserting the mirror directly into the storage ring vacuum chamber. The positioning mechanism utilizes a lead screw drive, which recently experienced a mechanical failure during operation. To enhance reliability and enable early fault...
