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Description
The X-band linearizer at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser (SXFEL) is used to compensate the nonlinear energy chirp of the electron beam and requires a highly stable low-level radio-frequency (LLRF) system. To improve the performance of the X-band RF system, the LLRF chain was upgraded in three aspects: the clock and local-oscillator electronics, the X-band solid-state power amplifier, and the klystron output optimization based on digital feedforward and disturbance modeling. In the upgraded scheme, the X-band signal is down-converted to the S-band frequency range for processing on an MTCA-based S-band LLRF platform, and then up-converted back to X-band after vector modulation. Experimental results show that the phase stability at the X-band klystron output reached 0.09° RMS, and the beam stability downstream of the X-band linearizer was improved by nearly a factor of two. The upgraded system provides a practical solution for stable operation of the X-band linearizer at SXFEL.
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