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Description
The Shanghai High Repetition Rate XFEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) requires a facility-wide synchronization system with femtosecond-level stability to support high-brightness FEL operation and ultrafast pump–probe experiments. This paper presents the design of the optical synchronization system developed for SHINE. A mode-locked optical master oscillator is employed as the central timing reference, while ultra-low-jitter timing signals are distributed through actively stabilized optical fiber links over kilometer-scale distances.
Optical cross-correlators and balanced optical-microwave phase detectors are used for high-precision phase measurement and compensation to suppress timing drift caused by environmental perturbations. The synchronization network integrates accelerator RF systems, photoinjector lasers, seed lasers, experimental lasers, and timing diagnostics into a unified timing infrastructure. A hierarchical synchronization strategy is adopted to achieve sub-10-fs timing stability between critical subsystems.
Key technologies including stabilized optical transmission, optical-to-microwave synchronization, timing receivers, and environmental stabilization are introduced. The proposed system is designed to provide the timing precision, long-term stability, and scalability required under SHINE operating conditions and future facility upgrades.
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