Speaker
Description
We present a robust method for generating custom-shaped, coherent hard X-ray pulses in regenerative amplifier free-electron lasers (RAFELs) using laser-induced energy modulation of the electron beam. A temporally shaped optical modulation imprints an optical-wavelength energy pattern on the beam, which interacts with the recirculated seed in the X-ray cavity to generate spectral sidebands. These sidebands lie outside the Bragg reflection bandwidth and are extracted as outcoupled radiation, while the seed is retained for continued amplification, enabling a novel mechanism for both output coupling and pulse shaping. This approach allows deterministic control over the spectral and temporal properties of the emitted X-rays, including multicolor generation, twin-pulse structures, pulse duration tuning, and complex temporal waveforms. Importantly, it does not require modification of the RAFEL cavity or optics and is fully compatible with high-repetition-rate operation, offering a practical pathway to deliver coherent, shaped and on-demand X-ray pulses for advanced time-resolved and nonlinear X-ray science.
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