Speaker
Description
Digital twins and online physics models are becoming increasingly important for the operation of modern X-ray free-electron lasers, where high-brightness beam delivery depends on precise control of the longitudinal phase space. At LCLS and LCLS-II, small RF phase drifts in the early linac can produce large changes in bunch compression, causing discrepancies between offline model predictions and the live machine state. We report the development of a live longitudinal modeling workflow based on the fast beam longitudinal tracking code BELT, integrated with LCLS and LCLS-II process variables through a LUME-based interface. The model reads live machine settings, performs rapid longitudinal tracking through the accelerators, and enable physics-informed feedback procedure to iteratively update the model until the live simulation is consistent with the measured machine state. This approach turns BELT from an offline design and optimization tool into an online, measurement-constrained digital twin for longitudinal beam dynamics. The workflow provides a practical path toward real-time longitudinal phase-space prediction, model-based tuning, and automated feedback for high-repetition-rate FEL operation.
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