The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), which is being designed by BNL, JLab and other partners, will be a particle accelerator that collides electrons with protons and nuclei to produce snapshots of those particles' internal structure. It will collide polarized high-energy electron beams with hadron beams in the center-of-mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. The electron beam, employed as a probe, will...
Since the end of the CERN Long Shut down 2 (LS2), the Antimatter Factory consists of the old CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) to which has been added the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) decelerator, allowing to serve 100 keV antiprotons up to 4 experiments at each cycle, as compared to 5.3 MeV to a single experiment before LS2. The much lower extraction energy make it possible for...
Ionization cooling is a key concept for reducing beam emittance within muon lifetime and has been developed and experimentally demonstrated over the past three decades. These studies have highlighted important constraints and design challenges for practical cooling channels. Following the recommendations from the latest P5, collaboration with the IMCC has been encouraged, resuming efforts...
The J-PARC muon g-2/EDM experiment aims to measure the muon magnetic moment anomaly (a_μ = (g-2)/2) and to search for the muon electric dipole moment (EDM), with sensitivity comparable to the highest in the world. This will be achieved using a small-emittance muon beam, created by cooling muons to thermal energy at room temperature and accelerating them with a four-stage linac. The small...
A multi-TeV Muon Collider (MuC) has the unique potential to provide both precision measurements and the highest energy reach in one machine that cannot be paralleled by any currently available technology. One of the key challenges in development of the MuC is delivery of a high brightness muon beam, which is essential to produce sufficient luminosity. Ionization cooling, is currently the only...
The High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is a mega-scientific facility in China. A magnetized electron cooling system is used in the Spectrometer Ring (SRing) to improve the beam quality for internal target experiments. The maximum electron beam energy is up to 450 keV. In 2025, all components of the cooler have been installed in the SRing tunnel. In this report, the...
Antihydrogen - the bound state of an antiproton and a positron - is of great interest for tests of fundamental symmetries which compare antimatter to ordinary matter. In the ALPHA experiment these exotic atoms are confined in a magnetic minimum with a lifetime of many hours, limited only by annihilations on background gas in the vacuum chamber. This enables high precision measurements which...
The heavy-ion synchrotron SIS100 is (at) the heart of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. It is designed to accelerate intense beams of heavy highly charged ions up to relativistic velocities and to deliver them to unique physics experiments, such as those planned by the APPA/SPARC collaboration. In order to cool these extreme ion beams, bunched beam...
The Gamma Factory is a project which aims providing unprecedented rates of photons in a wide range of energy, possibly up to 400MeV. It relies on resonant atomic excitation of partially stripped ions accelerated at high energies with state of the art high power laser systems enhanced in optical resonators. In a proof of principle experiment at the CERN SPS, a demonstration of the viability of...
Recently, Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) became the first demonstrated method for ultra-high-bandwidth stochastic cooling. The initial experiments at Fermilab’s IOTA ring explored the essential physics of the method and demonstrated cooling, heating and manipulation of beams and single particles. Having been validated in practice, with continued development, OSC carries the potential for...
Ion implantation is an accelerator technology essential for creating defects or introducing impurities into materials. A research and development study is currently underway at QST Takasaki Institute toward ultrahigh-precision single-ion implantation based on laser-cooling techniques. To achieve this, we incorporate a linear Paul trap as an ultracold single-ion source, where trapped ions can...
Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) experiment aims on demonstrating cooling of ion beam circulating in RHIC yellow ring. The experiment will end by the end of 2025, when RHIC operations stop for construction of Electron-Ion Collider. In this talk I will present summary of the CeC experiments with special focus won the use and the control of the broad-band micro-bunching Plasma Cascade Amplifier...
Cooling of hadrons in Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is critical to achieve EIC design parameters and performance. In this talk we will discuss strategy of hadron beam cooling application for the EIC starting with providing strong cooling of proton beam emittances at injection energy of 24 GeV and potential subsequent cooling at the top collision energies. We will then discuss requirements,...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) requires a high-energy cooler to maintain excellent beam quality and achieve high luminosity throughout long collision stores. To meet this requirement, the EIC project studied a novel approach known as Coherent Electron Cooling (CeC)—referred to as Strong Hadron Cooling (SHC)—which can provide rapid cooling rates at high energies. The SHC relies on an Energy...
We have developed a simulation to model the evolution of proton and gold bunches stored in the Electron-Ion Collider's Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) over the course of several hours, taking into account intrabeam scattering, the beam-beam effect, and particle loss. This has enabled us to predict how various cooling schemes, including microbunched electron cooling and microwave stochastic cooling,...
Electron cooling at high energy requires large average current in the cooling section (CS), which can be achieved by reusing the same electron beam on many passes through the CS. One of the options to realize such a cooling scheme is to use an electron storage ring with electrons being cooled by dedicated radiation damping wigglers. We will discuss the conceptual design of the 150 MeV Ring...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) performance will benefit from cooling of the stored ions at three collision energies. Such cooling must counteract the emittance growth driven by IBS and beam-beam effects. A non-magnetized bunched beam electron cooler is one of the possible approaches to cooling colliding ions. Such an electron cooler must provide electron bunches up to 150 MeV with high...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will collide protons and heavy ions with electrons to study nonlinear interactions in QCD. Stochastic cooling will benefit the heavy ion luminosity. This talk will discuss the cooling system design and estimate the benefits of the cooling system.
This talk discusses fundamentals of ion beam cooling with continuous wave and pulsed laser systems at relativistic energies. It starts with reviewing key aspects of laser cooling of ion beams before discussing recent expeimental results from Germany and China. It then looks at the prospects of integrating permanent laser coolers into storage ring facilities such as SIS 100 at FAIR an the...
Laser cooling is a promising technique to achieve a narrow momentum distribution of relativistic bunched ions in accelerators. This technique allows efficient cooling, especially for highly relativistic ion beams and heavy ions, with cooling times on the order of seconds. Previous experiments at the ESR have successfully demonstrated laser cooling of relativistic bunched ion beams with both a...
Relativistic ion beams with a narrow momentum distribution are crucial for high-precision experiments at accelerator facilities. Laser cooling offers a promising approach to further reduce the momentum spread, thereby enhancing the ion beam quality. Previous experiments conducted at the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI have demonstrated the efficiency of both continuous-wave (cw) and...
Laser cooling of O5+ ion beams with an energy of 275.7 MeV/u was successfully achieved at the storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou, China*. The longitudinal momentum spread of the laser-cooled O5+ ion beams measured by the Schottky resonator reached ∆p/p ≈ 2×10−6, which is limited by the resolution of the Schottky diagnostics for bunched ion beams. To interpret the experimental observations, a...
Electron and laser cooling are key techniques for improving the quality of stored ion beams in synchrotrons. This work presents simulations performed with XSuite to study electron and laser cooling in various CERN machines. The electron cooling simulations, based on the Parkhomchuk model recently implemented in XSuite, are benchmarked against existing codes. The laser cooling studies...
The longitudinal electron cooling processes of a 20 GeV proton beam were simulated using a code at the Electron-Ion collider in China. The longitudinal cooling time was obtained for different parameter configurations of the storage ring, proton beam, electron cooling device, and electron beam. From the simulated results, the longi-tudinal cooling time of the 20 GeV proton beam is over 100...
At Helmholtz Insitute Mainz (HIM) a high voltage platform for high intensity electron beams has been installed. This apparatus is intended as a scalable, modular system for high energy magnetized DC-beam cooling. On the one hand, the system can be used as a prottype for antiproton beam cooling for the planned HESR storage ring at FAIR. On the other hand, because the HESR will be delayed, ...
The electron cooler of the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN, that can operate with an electron beam of up to 2.4 A at 27 keV, is scheduled for replacement during the upcoming Long Shutdown 3 (LS3). A newly designed electron gun and collector—optimized for enhanced reliability, efficiency, and operational performance—are undergoing rigorous testing and validation at the dedicated Electron...
Field emission-based cathodes have been shown to be an attractive alternative to thermionic sources for the generation of electron beams. Their low transverse energy spread, and low power consumption make them an ideal replacement for the thermionic cathode currently used on the electron cooler of the Extra Low ENergy Antiproton (ELENA) ring.
We have investigated the use of carbon nanotubes...
In this paper, we propose to combine two promising research topics in accelerator physics, i.e., optical stochastic cooling (OSC) and steady-state microbunching (SSMB). Basically we want to apply OSC in an SSMB storage ring to speed up the damping to enable or boost the formation of microbunching, for high-power short-wavelength coherent radiation generation. The presented work is expected to...
Low-intensity ion beams with transverse dimensions of the order of microns or submicrons have been employed for a variety of purposes. In some advanced applications, however, the beam size needs to be even much smaller. One such example is the creation of color centers in diamond, which requires us to transport ions of specific species one by one to a target with nanometer precision. A...
Laser Doppler cooling of ion bunches in a Paul trap is a demonstrated method of achieving millikelvin bunch temperatures, with the ions forming a Coulomb crystal with a solid-like structure. This is proposed as a source for accelerators that would be a factor 10^5 lower in emittance than conventional plasma sources. Methods to transport the crystalline bunch while limiting emittance growth...
New scheme with lower electron beam energy together with lower peak beam current has been proposed for the Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) proof of principle experiment in RHIC Run 25. Such new operation mode appears to be a better candidate in providing a high quality electron beam for cooling performance. We will present our results to achieve the low slice emittance/low slice energy spread...
Coherent electron cooling (CeC) is a novel technique for rapidly cooling high-energy, high-intensity hadron beam. Plasma cascade amplifier (PCA) has been proposed for the CeC experiment in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Cooling performance of PCA based CeC has been predicted in 3D start-to-end CeC simulations using code SPACE for multiple...
For RHIC run 25, the beam energy of the Coherent Electron Cooling (CeC) experiment will be reduced to achieve better cooling performance. For the new scheme, the distribution of the cooling electrons is obtained from beam dynamics simulation using Impact-T. A 3D particle in cell (PIC) simulation code, SPACE, is then used to obtain the cooling force that depend both on the longitudinal and...
Microbunched electron Cooling (MBEC), a type of Coherent electron Cooling (CeC), is a possible way to cool high energy protons; such an electron cooler can be driven by an energy recovery linac (ERL). The beam parameters of this design are based on cooling 275 and 100 GeV protons at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), requiring 150 and 55 MeV electrons, respectively. If implemented, a high energy...
The Ring Electron Cooler (REC) is an option to provide beam cooling for the EIC at high energies. Based on a storage ring this machine can provide the beam current necessary for cooling at higher energies. While the electrons cool the ions the radiation cooling of the electrons is enhanced using strong wiggler magnets. The ring has a race track shape where one 176 meter long straight...
A Low-energy Electron Cooler (LEC) system is presently under design at Brookhaven National Laboratory to cool protons at the Electron Ion Collider (EIC) injection energy. The accelerator for the LEC must provide a high current high-quality electron beam at kinetic energy of 12.5 MeV to the cooling section. In current accelerator design we use DC photo-gun followed by a set of RF cavities to...
H- ions are routinely used for the recommissioning of the ELENA ring as well as for various machine studies. Because of the weak binding energy of the electron, these ions are stripped by the interaction with the residual gas molecules and the intense electron beam generated by the electron cooler after which they are lost on the vacuum chambers of the main machine dipoles.
A neutral hydrogen...
The Electron–Ion Collider (EIC) achieves its design luminosity by cooling the ion beam with a high-current electron beam generated in an energy-recovery linac (ERL). The baseline ERL lattice employs a BNL five-cell cavity that is frequency-scaled to 197 MHz, 591 MHz, and 1.773 GHz, raising concerns about multibunch beam-breakup (BBU) instabilities. Threshold currents for each frequency option...
Electron-Ion Collider will employ electron cooling of protons at the injection energy. To reduce the space charge effects, the RF system will be set to produce flat top proton bunches with reduced peak current. There will be three electron bunches per proton bunch separated by 5 nanoseconds. Electronics for the electron beam can be based on a conventional narrow-band processing at 394 or 591...
Longitudinal ion beam stacking in a storage ring using a barrier rf system combined with beam cooling has been successfully demonstrated in several experiments. Based on the bunching effect observed in the pulsed electron beam cooling experiment at HIRFL-CSRm, we propose a new beam stacking scheme using only pulsed electron beam, in which the barrier voltage and cooling process can be achieved...
Stochastic cooling is a technique for reducing the phase space volume of particle beams in accelerators improving the experimental conditions for facilities like Antiproton Decelerator at CERN. We present a stochastic cooling simulation model, for transverse and longitudinal plane. This work stydies the cooling performance of particle beams under different scenarios, like different gains or...
A muon collider presents a compelling path forward for high-energy physics, offering both energy reach and precision. The notable challenge in realizing the target luminosities for a muon collider is in the development of a sufficiently fast cooling scheme -- one capable of several orders of magnitude in emittance reduction with minimal decay losses. Ionization cooling is presently considered...