The UK accelerator community has established itself as an international leader in beam instrumentation R&D, contributing cutting-edge technologies and methodologies to accelerator science across the world. An overview of UK achievements in beam instrumentation will be presented, spanning developments in non-invasive diagnostics, advanced sensor technologies, and innovative data science, while...
In March 2025, the beam commissioning of the entire ESS linac commenced, supported by a diverse suite of instrumentation systems. This campaign followed the 2023 commissioning of the normal-conducting linac, which accelerated protons to 70 MeV. During the intervening period, the entire superconducting linac and the transport line to the tuning dump were installed. Several instrumentation...
The performance of photocathodes is essential for the operation of X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) facilities, such as the LCLS-II and the UK XFEL currently under development. This is because the initial phase-space distribution of electrons emitted by the photocathode directly impacts the final phase-space distribution at the undulator, which in turn determines the amount of radiation...
Like standard beam transformers the cryogenic current comparator (CCC) measures the intensity of particle beams via the azimuthal magnetic field. The superior performance of the CCC derives from a superconducting magnetometer (SQUID - Superconducting Quantum Interference Device), which detects fields in the fT range. This enables for current resolution in the nA range but in return needs...
Fast Beam Current Transformers (FBCTs) are essential devices for measuring bunched beam intensities in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A cross-calibration of these devices against DC Beam Current Transformers (DC-BCTs) is used in the LHC ring, but this method relies on assumptions that introduce inaccuracies. FBCTs are also used in the LHC transfer lines, where DC-BCTs are unavailable, making...
After more than 20 years of successful operation, the storage ring of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) has recently been replaced with a new diffraction-limited storage ring (DLSR) called SLS 2.0. After a dark time of 15 months from October 2023 until December 2024, SLS 2.0 now provides more than 40 times higher brilliance for hard X-ray users, thanks to an innovative compact 7-bend achromat...
J-PARC Linac accelerates the high-intensity beam of 50 mA using an RF system of 324 MHz and 972 MHz. In order to accelerate and transport the high-intensity beam to facilities stably, the current value, centroid, and distribution of the beam must be measured to realize optimum operating conditions. This paper reports on the transformations and improvements of the linac beam diagnostics since...
The IFMIF-DONES facility, currently under construction in Granada (Spain), is dedicated to testing materials under neutron irradiation, as part of advanced materials research for next-generation fusion reactors. The superconducting linear accelerator of the facility is intended to deliver a continuous-wave deuteron beam with an energy of 40 MeV and an unprecedented current of 125 mA. The...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) represents the latest advancement in ultra-low emittance storage ring light sources. Since its commissioning and the commencement of user operations in 2024, APS-U has successfully reached its design beam current of 200 mA and operates reliably for user experiments. The diagnostic systems have been integral to the successful commissioning and...
High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF）is now under equipment tests and about to deliver multiple beam species from Proton (9.3 GeV, 6E12 ppp) to Uranium (835 MeV, 2E11 ppp) into various experimental terminals. Undoubtedly, it demands a lot of functions and challenges for BI system both in instruments and electronics. This BI system totally possesses more than 650 number and 20...
The Beam Synchrotron Radiation Longitudinal density monitor (BSRL) at the LHC leverages time-correlated single-photon counting to provide high-dynamic-range measurements of the relative charges in each RF bucket with a time resolution of 50 ps. These measurements are needed for the operation of the LHC as well as for the luminosity calibration required by the LHC Experiments.
In this work we...
Non-destructive beam current measurements are a crucial aspect of beam instrumentation in any particle accelerator. Often, these measurements must be capable of distinguishing individual beam pulses. In an increasing number of accelerators, pulse repetition rates reach the GHz range. Consequently, beam current measurement bandwidth must exceed a few GHz. To meet this requirement, a wall...
The High Intensity Proton Accelerator HIPA at PSI has been in operation since 1974. A large trove of documentation for its beam instrumentation exists, in the form of publications, internal notes, spreadsheets and e-mails. We have built a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system, based on a large language model (LLM) that assists scientists and operators with the maintenance and use of the...
The Continuous Electron Beam Facility (CEBAF) has been in operation since 1994. The accelerator has seen several upgrades to RF and cryogenic systems and capabilities. However, the diagnostics used for beam delivery have remained largely unchanged. With several challenging experiments on the way and obsolescence issues with existing hardware, the time has come to explore a significant...
The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a major facility for neutron science in China, and is currently operating at an averaged beam power of 170 kW with a beam energy of 1.6 GeV and repetation rate of 25 Hz. In 2024, the CSNS Upgrade project (CSNS-II) was launched with a goal beam power of 500 kW. We will present an overview of the new diagnostics and the corresponding challenges. We...
An exploration into the application of machine learning (ML) approaches to identify pile-ups and correct them in single particle counters at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research in presented.
About 100000 particle pulse data from various spills were manually labelled and a convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed to accurately count the number of particles without...
The aim of the NEWGAIN Project (NEW Ganil INjector), is to build a second injector on the SPIRAL2 accelerator to produce and accelerate heavier beams with A/q up to 7. The NEWGAIN injector is based on 2 ECR ion sources, two LEBT, one RFQ and a MEBT lines to send new ion beams in the linac and the S3 experimental room.
Diagnostic monitors are planned to measure and control beam intensities,...
The Canadian Light Source (CLS) linear accelerator (linac) serves as the injector for the 2.9 GeV synchrotron. The original linac, which was installed in the 1960's, was replaced in 2024. The new 3000.24 MHz linac was designed and built by RI Research Instruments GmbH. The linac makes use of a 90kV-thermionic-ion-source, three 5m long accelerating S-band structures and a SLED pulse compressor...
A fiber-optic (FO) beam loss montior (BLM) system, installed along the booster to storage ring (BTS) trasnport line has been useful in identifying loss locations employing time-of-flight (TOF) analysis. The BTS BLM TOF system is comprised of a pair of rad-hard, fused-silica FO cables running along either side of the BTS line at beam elevation. In the initial configuration, we measured losses...
SOLARIS storage ring has been equipped with a set of twelve Beam Loss Detectors, controlled by Libera Beam Loss Monitors. This system enhances the ability to monitor and analyze beam losses and operational efficiency. Detectors were strategically placed around storage ring and transfer line, providing ability to optimize injection losses and enable precise localization of beam loss events....
To achieve high-precision bunch-by-bunch current and lifetime measurements at the Hefei Light Source (HLS), we developed a beam diagnostics system based on interleaved sampling technology, achieving an equivalent sampling rate of 6.5 GHz. In single-bunch mode, amplitude extraction via cross-correlation with a single response function achieves a turn-by-turn current relative resolution of...
Secondary electron emission monitors are installed in CERN's North Area to assess the transmission of primary particles over time. In this study, we use artificial neural networks to investigate the relative influence of beam current transformer signals, historical dose, vacuum history, and beam loss monitor signals, on the secondary electron emission monitor's response. We detail the...
For the ESS linac commissioning, twelve extremely compact beam destinations were designed in place of bulky and expensive beam dumps, in order to dump [0.075, 250] MeV protons. The beam destinations were either Faraday Cups (FC) for the NCL commissioning or Insertable Beam Stops (IBS) for the SCL commissioning. Both FC and IBS are beam-intercepting devices, operated under vacuum, water cooled...
The Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee) at CERN will provide collisions at four interaction points along a 91 km ring, with beam energies ranging from 45.6 GeV (Z pole) to 182.5 GeV (ttbar threshold). The radiation environment along the accelerator varies significantly, with different dominant sources depending on location and operational mode. Accurate characterization of this...
TOP-IMPLART is a pulsed RF proton linear accelerator in operation at the ENEA Frascati Research Center originally built as a technological demonstrator for a full-linear solution to protontherapy, it is currently evolving towards a facility available for research and industrial users in different fields, ranging from biomedical to aerospace applications. It consists of a commercial AccSys PL7...
The Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications (CLARA) is STFC Daresbury Laboratory’s flagship accelerator facility. In this talk we present the latest data from the commissioning of the CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory. This will include initial beam measurements and diagnostic performance for the 250 MeV high brightness, highly compressed electron bunches. Once...
This paper presents the design and simulation of miniaturized permanent magnet configurations for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) applications capable of in-vivo measurements. Traditional NMR systems require large, expensive equipment with high field uniformity, making portable applications challenging. We compare various compact magnet geometries, including H-type and Halbach arrays,...
Digital tomosynthesis (DT) is an x-ray scanning modality that creates 3D images similarly to Computed Tomography, but over a lower angular range. Recent innovation by company Adaptix have revised this technology to allow for the development of portable DT devices that retain the low dose benefit of this technique.
The detector is a key component of this device. For medical imaging,...
The CSNS-II linear accelerator upgrade will adopt superconducting accelerator structures, with the beamline enclosed in low-temperature modules. Detection of beam loss can only be done on the outer surface of the low-temperature modules. The CSNS-II accelerator plans to use a parallel plate multi-electrode ionization chamber as the beam loss monitor (BLM) probe for the superconducting section....
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL(SXFEL) are open to user, and the Shanghai High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) is under construction. These accelerator facilities require diverse beam diagnostics electronics to ensure their high-performance and stable operation. After more than a decade of development, the SSRF has...
This study proposes a machine learning approach to analyze the correlation between beam position monitor (BPM) measurements and output laser power in the Hefei Infrared Free-Electron Laser (FEL) facility. Using bunch-by-bunch data of transverse position, charge, and longitudinal phase collected from upstream undulator BPM probes, we develop a predictive model to evaluate whether BPM...
Real-time precision monitoring of beam profiles and emittance parameters in the High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) presents critical challenges for analyzing collective beam effects and optimizing operations. During acceleration phases requiring sub-microsecond temporal resolution (0.1-2.048 MHz cyclotron frequency), we developed a heterogeneous computing-based diagnostic...
The beam diagnostic system of HIAF includes many subsystems, and the self-developed and researched electronic hardware adopts a highly integrated software and hardware architecture.To meet the requirements of beam debugging and measurement as well as user testing and experiments, the author of this paper developed a beam diagnostic embedded system based on EPICS and LACCS.This system fully...
As a part of the Proton Improvement Plan – II (PIP-II) at Fermilab, instrumentation systems are being modernized to take advantage of the higher speeds and ease of use offered by standardized embedded systems like MicroTCA. A rear-transition module (RTM) is being designed to interface with said embedded systems. In each of the four identical channels on the RTM, the differential signal from an...
The Linac Coherent Light Source II (LCLS-II) is currently undergoing a High Energy (HE) upgrade. This upgrade adds 23 additional cryomodules to the LCLS-II Linac, increasing its energy from 4GeV to 8GeV; which subsequently increases the hard X-ray source photon energy from 5keV up to 12keV. In the photon experimental beamlines, X-ray beam stoppers, located at the entrance to the experimental...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is being built at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The early preliminary design phase efforts are underway. In addition to upgrading the existing RHIC instrumentation for the EIC hadron storage ring, new electron accelerator subsystems will include a 750 MeV Linac, accumulator ring, rapid-cycling synchrotron, electron storage ring, and a hadron cooling...
Retarding Potential Energy Analysers (RPEAs) are widely used diagnostic instruments for measuring energy distribution of charged particle beams. In this work we will discuss the conceptual design studies of a novel RPEA for low-energy antimatter beams (antiprotons/positrons). Simulation tools such as CST studio and G4Beamline were used for studying the prototype RPEA and to optimize its...
CERN’s Beam Instrumentation Group is developing a mini-crate to host the future BLM and BPM systems acquisition electronics at HL-LHC and SPS accelerators. For this purpose, a new power supply has been designed to meet the low noise requirements, high reliability, and availability standards for these harsh radioactive environments. The design makes use of CERN-developed ASICs and...
New BPM electronics have been developed for installation in the storage ring of the 4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Ochang, South Korea. Based on the first prototype, two different platforms were utilized for the development of the second prototype. The first version employs an RFSoC-based design, which acquires broadband signals up to 2 GHz using a high-performance 2.5 GS/s...
The proposed FETS-FFA would exhibit high-intensity operation of a Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFA) accelerator, as a demonstrator for a spallation neutron source driver. Faraday cups are planned to be installed in the injection straight to investigate injection efficiency and infer beam-position during early commissioning stages; and in the extraction line to inspect extraction...
Studies concerning the FLASH effect for radiation therapy are currently performed at ELSA. The booster synchrotron is used in a preliminary mode of operation to deliver electron beam pulses of 1.2 GeV energy with fixed length of 250 ns to irradiate cell samples. To enable different spill durations ranging from ns up to several ms in an energy range of 0.8 to 3.2 GeV a fast extraction from the...
In this work, the development of a non-invasive DC Current Monitor device (DCCM), based on Tunnelling MagnetoResistive (TMR) sensors, is presented. The device is primarily intended for measuring the current intensity of an ion beam without the need of intercepting it (therefore not altering its characteristics), making it suitable for online current monitoring. Details are given about the...
Sirius beamlines require specialized electronic devices to monitor key parameters of the photon beam, such as position and flux, through the detection of extremely low-level electrical currents. Furthermore, experiments conducted in fly-scan mode usually demand fast, high-precision low-level current measurements. To address these requirements, the development of a wide dynamic range ammeter...
The Extreme Photonics Applications Centre (EPAC) being built at the Central Laser Facility in the UK will utilise a 10Hz Laser Wakefield Accelerator (LWFA) to produce a tuneable x-ray source, with energies ranging from 3keV up to 10’s of MeV while maintaining a micron-scale source size and ultra-short pulse duration. Combination of such characteristics opens an opportunity for cutting-edge...
RAON is a heavy-ion accelerator supporting a wide range of beam energies and charge states. An integrated operational environment has been developed to enable centralized control and monitoring of accelerator systems. Machine states are defined through a structured framework combining source, machine, and beam modes, providing clear visibility of system readiness via an EPICS-based...
Shanghai High Repetition Rate X-ray FEL and Extreme Light Facility (SHINE) is currently under construction. There are hundreds of beam signal processors of different types along the accelerator, including processors for stripline beam position measurement (BPM), cavity BPM, cold button BPM, beam arrival time measurement (BAM), bunch length measurement (BLM), bunch charge interlock, and...
PIP-II (Proton Improvement Plan-II) is a critical upgrade to the Fermilab accelerator complex. The 800 MeV superconducting linear accelerator will utilize 126 beam position monitors (BPMs) across the Warm Front End (WFE), superconducting linac (SC LINAC), and Beam Transfer Line (BTL). These BPMs provide beam position, phase, timing, and intensity data, meeting stringent physics requirements:...
The beam loss monitor (BLM) is a diagnostic system designed to protect accelerator components from unexpected high-energy radiation. We have developed a cost-effective BLM system for the next-generation synchrotron light source, Korea-4GSR.
The system uses plastic scintillators, optical fibers, and a CMOS camera to localize beam losses with 10 ms time resolution. Scintillators placed along...
Design studies of the FETS-FFA demonstration ring have been conducted as part of the ISIS-II proposal for a new high-power spallation neutron source. Beam stacking has been proposed to overcome space-charge limits in an FFA, and the feasibility of this will be evaluated in the FETS-FFA test ring by stacking up to four pulses at 50 Hz. To monitor the long-pulsed current of the coasting stacked...
The Rare-isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiment (RAON) is a heavy ion accelerator with maximum beam power of 400 kW. To facilitate efficient information sharing among multiple users, we have developed an integrated system to monitor and analyze beam operations at the RAON accelerator. This system enables real-time tracking of beam transmission paths by analyzing the status of beam...
The conceptual design studies of FETS-FFA demonstration ring has been actively performed to confirm the reliability of Fixed Field Alternating gradient (FFA) accelerator for future high-power spallation neutron source, called ISIS-II. Wall Current Monitor (WCM) is a choice of non-destructive intensity monitor to evaluate circulating proton beams from 3 MeV (about 1 MHz in revolution frequency)...
In January 2025, beam was first stored in the SLS 2.0, and by April 2025, the milestone of a 400 mA beam was reached. A variety of diagnostics were utilized to reach these milestones; for example, charge, current and loss monitors for minimizing losses and optimizing transmission and injection efficiency, polarized visible light for vertical beam size measurement, and more. This paper will...
The PERLE (Powerful Energy Recovery Linac for Experiments) project is a high current and high charge testbed for the technologies required to realise future ERLs. A 20 mA electron beam with a bunch charge of 500 pC will be accelerated to 7 MeV by the booster and injected into the ERL. To deliver the beam to the ERL loop, a three-dipole merger with variable momentum compaction has been...
Accelerators are complex systems composed of tens of thousands of individual components requiring continuous maintenance. Aging facilities such as LANSCE face an increased rate of equipment failures, resulting in costly unscheduled shutdowns for maintenance. Early identification and localization of problems along the accelerator can mitigate future failures during scheduled maintenance periods...
Energy recovery LINACs (ERLs) are a type of novel accelerator, which recycle energy from old beams to new beams to increase machine energy efficiency. However, this can heighten beam instabilities, which limits the maximum beam current and increases beam losses. An optical fibre beam loss monitor (OBLM) can provide rapid and reliable beam loss monitoring, which is important for mitigating...
The Extreme Photonics Applications Centre (EPAC) is a next-generation high-power laser facility designed to deliver stable, high-repetition-rate (10 Hz) LWFA electron beamline with high quality parameters (∼1nC, ∼1 GeV, <5% energy spread). As a crucial preparatory step, one of the 10 TW laser system (Gemini) at the Central Laser Facility is being repurposed as a prototype beamline to de-risk...
Coupled resonant electrical circuits exhibit sensitivity to perturbation beyond linear. When the perturbation is the signal to be measured, operation of the circuitry near an exceptional point enhances the sensitivity by the nth root of the number of resonators. This presentation will describe exceptional points and their necessary conditions. Two examples will demonstrate exceptional point...
cSTART is a future storage ring currently under development at KIT with the purpose to investigate various non-equilibrium beam conditions and the injection and storage of LPA (Laser Plasma Accelerator) like beams. To understand and control the non-equilibrium beam dynamics at cSTART, various beam diagnostics with demanding specifications are required. The KARA booster has been used as an...
Radiation transport simulations allow the design and operation of entire facilities such as the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden.
This paper summarizes three of the first applications of Attila4MC simulations to the high-power proton accelerator of ESS and its beam instrumentation. Entire linac sections and beam-interceptive instrumentation were modelled by implementing...
After a dark time of 15 months, the new diffraction limited storage ring SLS 2.0 had first beam in January 2025. In April 2025, the nominal beam current of 400 mA was reached. In this contribution, we present the status and first beam commissioning experience with the RF System-on-Chip (RFSoC) based signal processing systems of the new SLS 2.0 ring. RFSoCs integrate several fast...
Optically active point defects, known as color centers (CCs), are created in the crystal lattice of lithium fluoride (LiF) by irradiation with various types of ionizing radiation. Some of these CCs emit light in the red and green regions of the visible spectrum when optically excited with blue light. When a proton beam irradiates a LiF crystal, a volume distribution of CCs is formed, with...
The slow extraction experimental users are urgent and imperative for the quasi-consecutive and uniform beam during the spill, generally several seconds. The online monitoring of the beam spot and intensity are also demanded. Recently, a set of slow extraction instruments were upgraded at the HIRFL-CSRm not only for the online monitoring, but also the improvement of the spill quality and the...
The Hefei Light Source is a synchrotron radiation facility operating in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions. If the evolution of beam parameters and beam loss during the injection transient process can be observed synchronously, analyzing their correlation can provide more quantitative guidance for further optimizing the injection process. To achieve this goal, a monitoring system...
China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) upgrade project (CSNS-II) started in 2024. As the first important task, the injection section will be redesigned and a lot of beam instruments will be installed along the injection to I-Dump beam line. The H0 beam intensity at the downstream of the stripping foil is several microampere during the normal operation, while the proton beam intensity at the...
One of the principal roles of CERN’s Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system pertains to the protection of LHC’s superconducting magnets against quench-inducing beam losses. Thus, the continuous surveillance of the BLM system’s performance is essential for the high reliability and availability of the LHC. This paper focuses on the architecture of a novel data pipeline with implementations on...
The Canadian Light Source is a third generation synchrotron which supports 22 operational beamlines. A project to replace all beam diagnostic analog cameras with CCD cameras was initiated in 2020. Over time this project has been expanded to include beam analysis capabilities. We present an EPICS-based imaging system that uses inexpensive CCD cameras. The system computes beam parameters...
Two CLIC TD24 accelerating structures, manufactured by CERN, are undergoing high-power testing on the 12 GHz RF test stand, MelBOX, at the x-Band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (XLAB). Installed in late 2024, these are the first devices tested at the facility. The goal is to condition the structures for stable operation at gradients of 100 MV/m.
The maximum gradient is limited by...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) storage-ring (SR) is equipped with five horizontal collimators used to intercept 6-GeV electrons during fast whole-beam aborts and protect the rest of the SR. The collimators are located in sectors 37, 38, 39, 40, and 1. A fan-out kicker (FOK) system has been installed to reduce damage to the collimators during whole-beam loss events. Since APS-U...
Since its beginning ATLAS has had both Faraday Cups to measure beam current, and Beam Profile Monitors (BPM) to trace the beam profile. However only the Faraday Cups are used to perform objective beam measurements during tuning and delivery, because cups block the beam during measurements. ATLAS has approximately 41 BPMs which utilize a helically wound wire that continuously sweeps the Y and...
The slow losses measured by Beam Loss Monitors (BLMs) at synchrotron light source facilities offer useful but indirect insight into the state of the beam. Patterns arise across the set of BLMs depending on the movement of insertion devices, beam current, temperature, humidity, and other contributors. A variety of neural network models were designed and evaluated to model this behaviour under...
Non-invasive monitoring of nA-level currents in slowly extracted hadron beams is a challenging diagnostic task. Invasive instruments such as ionization chambers and secondary emission monitors (SEMs) are commonly employed for monitoring of such intensities. For low-intensity beam monitoring in storage rings like CRYRING and ELENA, capacitive pick-ups equipped with charge amplifiers have proven...
Fermilab Accelerator Division, Instrumentation Department is always adopting modern and current software methodologies for complex DAQ architectures. This paper presents the Redis Adapter (RA), a high-performance, modular interface bridging digitizers and distributed control systems like ACNET and EPICS. Using Redis and containerization, RA streamlines communication by linking Redis-based data...
Nonlinearities pose several challenges for accelerator physicists. In order to optimize nonlinearities in the lattice and improve the dynamic aperture (DA) and lifetime of the lattice, the designer utilized a variety of algorithms and trial and error methods. The Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is a commonly used method for optimizing lattice nonlinearities. This technique involves...
The Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler (LEReC), the world’s first electron cooler utilizing an RF electron accelerator, was designed to operate with 1.6-2.6 MeV electron beams of up to 140 kW beam power. The LEReC successfully worked through RHIC Runs 2019-2021, substantially increasing RHIC luminosity, and has been routinely used for various studies since then. A dedicated, highly configurable...
An optical beam loss monitor (oBLM) has recently been installed at the extraction region of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. The oBLM offers a new method for detecting beam losses at the SPS by utilizing the Cherenkov radiation emitted during beam loss interactions with an optical fibre. This setup should allow to measure losses continuously over a large section of the accelerator,...
Beam intensity measurement of high intensity proton accelerator at PSI mainly consists of several passive cavity type monitors and corresponding electronics. New VME based electronics are running in parallel for final online testing with the old CAMAC ones, which will be replaced soon.
The new pre-amplifier of the VME system is suffering significant temperature-dependent drift, leading to an...
The ELSA facility at the University of Bonn uses a storage ring to accelerate polarized electrons up to 3.2 GeV. The photoinjector source is driven by a Ti:Sa laser beam to obtain a high polarization degree (~80%) from a strained-layer GaAsP superlattice crystal photocathode. To improve beam transfer efficiency following a prolonged shutdown of the source, the in-house developed diagnostic...
Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) is a 4th-generation synchrotron light source to be constructed in Thailand, envisioned as a major synchrotron facility for Southeast Asia. It is designed with a 3 GeV low-emittance electron storage ring based on a Double Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) lattice, with a circumference of 327.6 meters and a natural emittance of 0.97 nm·rad. The design and machine...
With nuclear reactor technology rapidly advancing and the plan to raise the nuclear energy production by a factor of 4, the need for advanced detectors, geometries and shields has become apparent. The precise and reliable measurement of the neutron flux is not only relevant for the safe operation of nuclear reactors, but also for future reactor experiments essential for progressing the...
Several systems protect the superconducting magnets of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which operate at -271.3C. The Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM) system is critical for detecting lost particles around the machine and reacting on their quantity and associated energy. It protects the machine from quenching and irreversible damage. To measure these losses, various detectors are used, primarily...
The X-band Laboratory for Accelerators and Beams (X-LAB) at the University of Melbourne enables high-power testing of X-band accelerator technologies, including components for CERN’s Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). At its core is Mel-BOX, a high-gradient test stand rebuilt from CERN’s XBOX3. Two TD24 structures, previously conditioned at CERN, have been successfully re-tested, along with RF...
Photocathodes are critical components in advanced electron sources, and accurate characterization of their performance is essential. Direct measurements of mean transverse energy (MTE) using the Transverse Energy Spread Spectrometer (TESS) at Daresbury Laboratory often yield modest datasets. Physics-informed machine learning, particularly generative models like GANs and diffusion models,...
In Fermilab's PIP-II machine protection system, beam loss signals from various detectors are digitized at 125 MS/s. Noise from both high-frequency sources and low-frequency 60 Hz AC power equipment can contaminate the data. To suppress noise across these ranges—especially 60 Hz and its harmonics, which overlap with beam loss signal frequencies—advanced digital processing beyond standard...
To support both routine operation and accelerator research at ELSA, a dual-mode dispenser-cathode based electron gun capable of thermionic emission and thermally assisted photoemission (TAPE) is being developed. A dedicated gun test stand is being designed to measure beam properties and quality, as well as quantum efficiency in the TAPE mode under operational conditions. Instrumentation will...
Faraday Cups have been used as diagnostic tools to measure the charged particle beam current directly. Up to now, different designs have been introduced for this purpose. In this work, a new design of Faraday Cup has been performed for the gun of PERLE, a Powerful Energy Recovery Linac to be installed at IJClab Orsay. FC's dimensions and desirable material have been considered based on PERLE...
CERN's beam-loss system is essential for the protection of machine elements against energy deposition due to beam losses. The protection function is based on Ionization Chambers Detectors installed along all of CERN's accelerators, totalling about 4000 detectors. Some of the areas where the detectors are installed have a high background dose (above 2mS per hour), so installation and...
The technology of signal reconstruction, baseline correction and adaptive integration method has been applied to the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) charge measurement for high accuracy measurement. In this paper, simulation of signal reconstruction, algorithm of baseline correction and integration are present, the . At last, the results of the application on beam charge measurement are also...
For high-precision experiments involving low-energy antiprotons, non-invasive beam charge measurements with high accuracy are crucial. This paper presents a simulation study investigating the feasibility of a cavity-based beam current monitor (BCM) for low-energy antiprotons. Conventional invasive methods, such as Faraday Cups and MCPs, suffer from charge loss, limiting measurement accuracy. ...
In the beam diagnostics system of the CSNS accelerator, multiple National Instruments (NI) PXIe multifunction DAQ modules were utilized for readout system development. The original software architecture, implemented with LabVIEW+DSC modules on Windows system, introduced substantial challenges in EPICS integration. This paper details a software upgrade methodology that preserves the existing NI...
The Iranian Light Source Facility, ILSF, is under design as a 3 GeV synchrotron light source. The storage ring of ILSF with a 528 m circumference and NEG-coated vacuum chamber is used to achieve the desired vacuum level. In this paper, the monitoring system for gas bremsstrahlung radiation from the storage ring is studied. Gas bremsstrahlung is produced when the stored electron beam interacts...
This paper reviews the cross sections of various processes contributing to UV-Vis emissions from highly charged heavy ions interacting with matter at SIS extraction energies (300 to 1500 MeV/u). The interaction of these ions with matter generates detectable radiation, with mechanisms influenced by both material properties and beam characteristics. By analyzing theoretical models and...
The Beam Test Facility (BTF) at the National Laboratories of Frascati provides highly configurable positron/electron beams for different type of experiments. Extracted from the DAΦNE LINAC, the beam delivers up to 49 bunches/s, with 1 to $10^{10}$ particles/bunch. Secondary beams span 25-780 MeV (electrons) and up to 550 MeV (positrons). BTF includes two experimental halls: BTFEH1, suited for...
The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a 100-kilometer-circumference accelerator complex that includes a linear accelerator, transfer lines, a booster, and a storage ring. Given its massive scale, the CEPC requires a substantial number of beam diagnostic devices to ensure precise and reliable operation. These devices are tasked with measuring critical parameters such as beam...
Due to the limited transverse acceptance of 4th generation light sources, the characterization and control of the incoming beam from the booster to the storage ring is an important asset to achieve highly efficient and reproducible injection. For the upgraded SLS 2.0 storage ring, a new booster-to-ring transfer line (BRTL) has been designed, which includes a non-dispersive section for beam...
The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) beam loss monitoring (BLM) system at CERN, operational for several decades, currently comprises 286 Ionisation Chambers (ICs) around the SPS ring and approximately 144 additional detectors along various extraction lines (TT20, TT40, TT60, etc.). A complete renovation of the system is planned during Long Shutdown 3 (LS3), encompassing detectors, cabling, and...
An upgrade of the Shanghai Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) BPM signal processor is under preparation to implement the high-speed intelligent commissioning and bunch-by-bunch feedback control of the SXFEL beam. The function of synchronizing the acquisition of all BPM data from the SXFEL will be implemented. A new digital carrier board has been developed, using a Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC FPGA as the...
The beam size monitor broadcast system at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has traditionally used analog coaxial cables and modulators to transmit measurement images and data to control rooms and beamline stations via televisions and tuners. While simple and network-independent, this setup suffers from low resolution, frequent interference, and aging hardware with no ongoing maintenance. This...
The beam size monitor broadcast system at the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) has traditionally used analog coaxial cables and modulators to transmit measurement images and data to control rooms and beamline stations via televisions and tuners. While simple and network-independent, this setup suffers from low resolution, frequent interference, and aging hardware with no ongoing maintenance. This...
The ELSA facility located at CEA DAM DIF consists of a 30 MeV, 15 ps rms, 1 nC compact linac. X-rays are produced either in the MeV energy range through interaction between the electron beam and a solid Ta conversion target (Bremsstrahlung radiation) or in the 10-80 keV energy domain through interactions between electrons with a Nd:YAG laser (inverse Compton Scattering radiation). ELSA is...
The Data Plane Development Kit (DPDK) is a framework that enhances real-time communications by providing direct, high-speed access to network interfaces. This architecture centralizes acquisition and control in an HPC cluster, ensuring ultra-fast in-memory updates of all critical data, making it a viable choice for real-time feedback and machine control in particle accelerators.
This approach...
This talk covers our work on errant beam prognostics at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), focusing on the end-to-end process from data collection to the development and deployment of predictive models in specific. A short overview of AIML work done for accelerators and current trends will be presented. We will walk through key steps involved in creating robust Machine Learning (ML) models,...
Redis isn’t a database — it’s our protocol. Fermilab’s RedisAdapter provides a high-performance, control-system-agnostic bridge between digitized beam data and downstream consumers such as ACNET and EPICS. It forms the foundation of three new software components deployed across MicroTCA-based digitizers: GMMDM, a runtime for memory-mapped data movement from Zynq-based platforms; GRAFE, a front...
With the high current physical operations of the upgraded Beijing Electron–Positron Collider (BEPCII), thresholds on collision luminosity and beam current have been presented due to various factors such as collision background, noise, equipment stability under high power operation, and so on. One of the most serious influences on beam dynamics was beam instability which has been clearly...
"Pulse Picking by Resonant Excitation" (PPRE), first developed by Holldack et al.* at BESSY in 2014, is a beam operation method that simultaneously serves standard synchrotron users and ‘timing mode’ users who require precise X-ray pulse timing from single bunches. PPRE selectively enlarges one electron bunch's (horizontal) emittance through resonant excitation, creating an enlarged X-ray...
The KEK e⁺/e⁻ Linac supplies electron beams to SuperKEKB HER, PF, and PF-AR, and positron beams to SuperKEKB LER. We utilize machine learning for both online beam tuning and offline data analysis. Machine learning based on Bayesian optimization has been employed to improve and maintain beam quality, contributing to the enhancement and stabilization of beam injection efficiency into SuperKEKB...
This contribution will reflect on Professor Bell-Burnell's career, spanning decades of groundbreaking work in astrophysics, from the discovery of pulsars to leadership in the global scientific community. Along the way, she has received numerous prestigious awards, including the Special Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, the Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal, and the President’s...
The space charge of high-intensity ion beams makes it challenging to transport the beam through the LEBT and inject it into the subsequent accelerator. Space charge compensation (SCC) is a process that lowers the space charge of an ion beam by trapping either positive ions or electrons, created by interaction of the beam with residual gas. The compensating secondary particles reduce the beam...
Electron beam injectors, critical to advanced light sources and ultrafast diffraction systems, require precise transverse phase space diagnostics to optimize beam quality. Conventional slit-scanning combined with computed tomography (CT) enables non-presumptive phase space reconstruction but faces resolution limitations under sparse sampling. This study introduces a deep learning framework to...
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6 GeV electron storage ring light source currently under beam commissioning. We have designed a beam diagnostics beamline that integrates both pinhole imaging and KB mirror imaging systems, enabling the measurement of beam profiles and the calculation of beam sizes and emittance. Both systems are designed to measure the same source point, with the...
Characterization and optimization of the transverse phase space is crucial for the performance of photoinjectors. To this end, many measurements of the transverse phase spaces are taken. Often, the x and y 2D phase spaces are measured separately because they are assumed to be primarily uncoupled. However, there will be some 4D coupling due to solenoid fields, asymmetries in the beamline, or...
This paper presents the enhancement of photon beam position stability at the Siam Photon Source (SPS) synchrotron through a real-time feedback control system incorporating a fault-tolerant control (FTC) algorithm. The system utilizes Photon Beam Position Monitor (pBPM) measurements within a global orbit feedback loop to minimize beam position fluctuations. The FTC algorithm plays a critical...
The Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) in Thailand aims to operate a 6-MeV electron linear accelerator for irradiation, supporting various agricultural and industrial applications. This study presents a method for measuring electron beam energy using the existing dipole magnet in the beamline, originally designed for scanning X-rays on samples through a scan horn. An aluminum sheet...
Sudden beam loss (SBL) is one of the obstacles to improving the luminosity of SuperKEKB. SBL cause damage to collimators and other accelerator components, QCS quench, and large background to the Belle II detector. It also causes beam abort and prevents the accumulation of high currents. Therefore, it is an important issue to investigate and resolve the causes of SBL events. In order to...
The Korea-4GSR (4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation Source) is under construction since 2021 to be a state-of-the-art research facility requiring exceptional stability for its electron beam to ensure high-quality experimental data. Ground vibrations originating from both natural and artificial sources can significantly impact the stability of critical components, particularly the accelerator...
Optical Cherenkov Radiation (ChR) is a well-known type of radiation, which is utilized in different fields of physics such as charged particle detection or generation of intense THz radiation. It is also widely used in beam diagnostics, for instance, in beam loss monitors or for bunch length measurements. In addition, it is of potential interest for transverse beam profile diagnostics as an...
China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator complex will employ a new superconducting accelerating section to achieve high beam power. To protect the superconducting cavity from contamination, the second phase of the CSNS superconducting linac section will adopt laser stripping technology for transverse distribution measurements of the negative hydrogen beam at nine stations. In 2024, a...
The Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) is a next-generation electron-positron collider designed to explore tau-charm physics within a center-of-mass energy range of 1 to 3.5 GeV. To achieve a peak luminosity exceeding 5 × 10^34 cm^-2s^-1, STCF adopts advanced beam dynamics techniques, including large Piwinski angle collisions to mitigate the hourglass effect and crab waist correction to...
At the Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, the experiments to measure the Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of Francium is in progress. Francium is produced via a nuclear fusion reaction by bombarding a gold target with an oxygen-18 ion beam, requiring a beam intensity of 18 eμA or higher. However, the current beamline's transport efficiency decreases to approximately 66 % when the...
At Diamond, it was previously observed that the response of the beam changes with mode number when excited by the transverse multi-bunch feedback (TMBF). This study presents the results of various experimental campaigns carried out to investigate the behaviour of tune-sweep waveforms for a variety of stored beam conditions and TMBF settings. We demonstrate that it is unlikely that wakefields...
This study presents the design, specifications, and experimental validation of the Allison scanner installed at the injector of the 100 MeV proton accelerator operated by the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC). The Allison scanner was developed to enable precise characterization of the proton beam’s phase space at the injector stage. Detailed design parameters and operational...
During the pre-research phase of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) upgrade project (CSNS-II), in order to conduct beam commissioning of the Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) under high-intensity beam conditions, The structure of the last-stage wire scanner of the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) was innovatively modified. This modification not only added a Beam Stop but also...
Diamond-II will require two types of stripline kickers during normal operation: the kicker actuators for the transverse multibunch feedback system; and the injection stripline kickers which enable transparent injection. Both are very similar in design as they need to kick individual bunches without disturbing the following bunches. The main difference is the voltage requirements. The feedback...
The design of low-level feedback (LLRF) controllers used to stabilize amplitude and phase of the field inside the RF cavities are customized in nature depending upon the frequency and mode of operation. IUAC, India, operates accelerators with RF structures in the range from 12.125-97 MHz in normal and superconducting mode. Currently, all the LLRF controllers operational for many years, are...
The CSNS RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) is a proton accelerator designed to achieve a target beam energy of 1.6 GeV, with a typical operating intensity of 140 kW, which is expected to increase to 500 kW after the CSNS II upgrade. However, a significant current instability has been observed during the 100 kW beam operation. To mitigate this instability, techniques such as operational tuning...
After the success of 80 MeV negative hydrogen beam profile measurement based on laser wire monitor, in order to further realize the beam emissivity measurement, an emissivity measurement system combining the laser wire monitor and LGAD (low-Gain Avalanche Diode) sensor has been designed. The idea is to use the LGAD sensor to detect and reconstruct the H0 distribution, combined with the...
As part of the new Proton Improvement Plan (PIP-II), Fermilab is undertaking the development of a new 800 MeV, 2 mA H- superconducting RF linac to replace its present normal conducting 400 MeV linac. The PIP-II linac consists of a series of superconducting RF cryomodules from 2.1 MeV to 800 MeV. To limit the potential damage to the superconducting RF cavities, PIP-II will utilize non-invasive...
Linear wire scanners are an essential instrument for beam profile measurements in the CERN accelerator complex. However, in the Large Hadron Collider, an aging design has led to performance issues in recent years. This study presents a next-generation wire scanner design that enhances reliability and measurement accuracy through advancements in motion technology. A key innovation is replacing...
Transverse beam-profile monitoring is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of particle accelerators. In high-radiation zones near fixed targets and beam dumps, imaging sensors—especially cameras used for beam-profile measurements—degrade rapidly, compromising beam diagnostics.
In this study, we propose using a single multimode fiber (MMF) to relay optical signals from an...
This work presents the development and experimental validation of a control system for synchrotron X-ray beam stabilization. A laboratory-scale replica of a beamline was constructed using an analog oscilloscope to emulate beam dynamics. Electrical actuation was implemented via deflection plates, while disturbances were introduced using an electromagnet. Beam position monitoring was performed...
In order to test the Standard Model through a precision measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment, a 212 MeV muon accelerator is being developed and constructed for the J-PARC muon g−2/EDM experiment. During the early stage of commissioning, the number of muons per pulse could be fewer than 100, necessitating a highly sensitive monitor. In addition, muon identification must be...
We have developed a highly sensitive beam profile monitor, the High-Gain Residual Gas Ionization Profile Monitor (HGRGIPM). The HGRGIPM detects electrons ionized by the proton beam in residual gas, which are guided by electric fields to a phosphor screen. The fluorescence is collected by an optical system. RGIPMs have proven to be powerful diagnostic tools for high-intensity beams because they...
The increasing demands for high-resolution beam diagnostics necessitate advanced simulation tools capable of modeling complex wave-optics phenomena. We present an optical simulation toolkit based on the angular spectrum propagation method, validated through comparisons with SRW. For synchrotron radiation interferometer simulations, the toolkit demonstrates excellent agreement with SRW results,...
Materials with a minimal interaction with particle beams are widely used in accelerators in interceptive instruments such as screens, secondary emission grids and wire scanners. Material damage limits are already exceeded in energy frontier and high brightness machines.
A new generation of ‘low density’ materials with nano-structures are becoming available at scales of interest for use in...
Accurate measurement of photon beam position and profile is crucial for beamline users to achieve precise alignment and efficient utilization of the desired photon beam. In low-emittance storage rings, however, the power density of the photon beam has increased, making it challenging for conventional profile monitors such as wire scanners and scintillating screens to withstand the high power...
Wire Scanner profile Monitor (WSM) has been developed for the demonstration ring of Fixed Field Alternating gradient (FFA) accelerator, called FETS-FFA. From previous studies, Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) wire is selected for the FETS-FFA WSM, durable for the heat damage of low energy proton beams on FETS-FFA test ring (3-12 MeV). The bias voltages are required to prevent secondary electrons...
In order to improve our transverse diagnostic tools, two new pinhole
beamlines will be designed. The pinhole arrays will be in air for easier
maintenance: this will result in a significant loss of X-Ray photons
when passing through the vacuum window. To overcome this issue, the
option to directly illuminate a CCD/CMOS camera with X-Ray radiation
without prior conversion into visible...
Understanding the transverse emittance of the beam emerging from the RFQ is an important step in commissioning the Front End Test Stand (FETS) accelerator and ensuring proper matching into the downstream transport line. In this work, we present transverse emittance measurements taken at the output of the 3 MeV RFQ using the quadrupole scan method. To complement the RMS analysis, a tomographic...
We propose an innovative method for measuring beam profiles at the Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) Synchrotron, which produces 3 GeV electron bunches. In this new generation of synchrotrons, short bunches require more precise detection techniques. The X-rays generated by dipole sources provide sufficient resolution for accurate diagnostics of the beam profile. This study explores the...
To enhance the performance of next-generation X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), it is crucial to produce high-quality electron beams with low emittance, particularly for attaining emittances below 0.2 mm.mrad for 100 pC bunch charges. This study introduces an emittance measurement method using an orthogonal dual-slit technique, aimed at enhancing measurement efficiency and achieving the...
The objective of this work is to assess the accuracy of measurements made by the Electron Beam Profile Scanner (EBPS), which captures the trajectory of an electron beam with and without a proton beam present. The proton beam induces deflection in the electron beam, which is influenced by proton charges.
For high-resolution images, the probe beam needs to be of high intensity, small diameter,...
In radiotherapy, treatment beams warrant fine margins due to the goal of sparing the patient’s healthy tissue. Studies have found that to counteract Bragg peak range deviations, safety margins of approximately less than 5% around the target volume are normally used in clinical settings. Hence, diagnostics would be improved if they cause as close to zero beam perturbation as possible. A...
We recently introduced a novel interferometric method inspired by radio astronomy, utilizing a Non-Redundant Aperture (NRA) mask with self-calibration to fully characterize the two dimensional transverse shape of electron beams from a single-shot interferogram.
This paper reports the latest advancements in this technique, including a new data analysis approach based on closure amplitudes,...
The Diamond-II upgrade will enhance the performance of the Diamond Light Source synchrotron, including improved beam stability by the Fast Orbit Feedback system. Achieving the targeted closed-loop bandwidth of 1 kHz necessitates an open-loop actuator bandwidth of approximately 10 kHz, which presents significant design challenges for the corrector magnet vacuum vessel. Additionally, subsystems...
Orbit feedback system of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) had been deployed one decade ago and upgraded from 10 kHz to 30 kHz in 2020. To further improve orbit feedback performance, the FOFB system is proposed to upgraded to 48 kHz. The integration of BPM, power supply control and fast orbit feedback will be summarized in this report.
The Low Energy RHIC Electron Cooler (LEReC), the world’s first RF-based non-magnetized electron cooler successfully provided cooling of gold ions at γ-factors 4.1 and 4.9 during RHIC Runs 2019-2021, substantially increasing RHIC luminosity. Since then, LEReC has been routinely used for numerous cooling studies. Development of trajectory and energy feedbacks for electron beam was an important...
A Gas Sheet Beam Profile Monitor (GSBPM) was designed and developed for the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. IOTA will receive 2.5 MeV protons, with an average beam current of 8 mA. Before implementation at IOTA, the GSBPM performance was tested at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory cyclotron at UC Davis, CA. The cyclotron proton energy produces at the range from 60-5.45 MeV...
In proton FLASH therapy the beam monitoring is crucial to ensure the conformal dose deposition to the tumour and effective Organ at Risk (OAR) sparing. A non- invasive real time beam monitoring improves the efficacy as the dose is delivered in shorter time scales. To achieve this, gas-jet based Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) is developed with potential capability towards real time beam...
Transverse beam profile diagnostics constitute a critical component in free-electron laser (FEL) operation and optimization. As a standard diagnostic tool, optical transition radiation (OTR) has been widely adopted in FEL facilities. However, as the bunch longitudinal length below 500 fs, the OTR method becomes significantly affected by coherent effects. This paper presents a systematic...
The SOLARIS synchrotron light source has commissioned a transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback system designed to suppress coupled-bunch instabilities and serve as a diagnostic tool for accelerator studies. The system was successfully installed and integrated with the existing infrastructure, including timing and control systems. After a series of commissioning steps, it was brought into operation...
A new orbit feedback system has been introduced to the PF-ring, a synchrotron radiation source at KEK, starting from the third operation period of FY2024. The new system is built with state-of-the-art digital signal processing circuits based on the MicroTCA.4 standard. The stored beam’s closed orbit distortion (COD) is measured at a 10 kHz rate using the circuits matched to the number of BPMs,...
As one of the most valuable noninvasive profile monitors in proton and heavy ion facilities， 6 Ionization Profile Monitors (IPM) have been installed in two synchrotrons of High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). Among them, 5 IPMs are equipped with the Micro Channel Plates (MCPs) 、Phosphor screen (P46) and camera acquisition. The goal is to obtain the large envelop with good...
Beam imaging systems are integral parts of beam instru-
mentation at CERN, measuring the shape, size, and position
of particle beams in accelerators. Following the worldwide
phasing out of analog cameras and vidicon tubes (which the
system was initially based on and still partially uses), part
of the ongoing consolidation program involves developing a
new camera system based on digital...
A laser wire monitor has bean developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS).The monitor utilizes a 1064 nm laser source to measure the horizontal and vertical profiles of a negative hydrogen ion (H-) beam with an energy of 80 MeV in the injection zone. This paper describes the design of the laser optical path layout and the characterization of the transport performance. The...
A low energy experimental bench called LEEx-B is being developed at IPHC-CNRS of Strasbourg, France. The bench is composed of a CS+ ion gun mounted on a HV platform and beams up to 25 keV are provided. The main objective of this bench is to support the advancement of beam diagnostics, including the ongoing development of the Allison-type emittance-meter. This paper presents the progress of the...
Beam Halo Monitoring (BHM) is essential for high-intensity accelerators like the HL-LHC. Carbon Nanotube (CNT) wires offer a promising alternative to traditional carbon fibre scanners due to their lower density, improved thermal properties, and reduced beam interaction. This work evaluates the performance of CNT wires in beam halo diagnostics, focusing on their energy and intensity range,...
The measurement of transverse profiles of the electron beam is key to measuring and optimizing the emittance of a linear accelerator. Also, transverse profile monitors are used in conjunction with an RF deflecting structure to measure bunch length and slice emittance. An RF deflector and a profile monitor behind the undulator can furthermore be used to reconstruct the FEL pulse profile. I will...
The Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Lab is equipped with two types of Ionization Profile Monitors (IPMs): ion-collecting and electron-collecting. Ion-collecting IPMs are susceptible to significant distortions in the measured beam size due to the space charge of the passing beam. Conversely, electron-collecting IPMs are much less affected but can only be operated...
A model-based optimal control approach has been developed for the slow orbit feedback (SOFB) system to enhance orbit stability in the Siam Photon Source (SPS) storage ring. The control strategy utilizes a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) based on a multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) state-space model of the linear SPS storage ring, derived through system identification using MATLAB and SIMULINK....
Transverse beam diagnostics with standard imaging techniques represent a challenge for next-generation accelerators and colliders due to the extremely small beam sizes, and X-ray interferometry offers an interesting method to overcome this challenge. In this regard, the X-ray Heterodyne Near Field Speckles (X-HNFS) technique has successfully been used to resolve few-micrometer beam sizes and...
An ECR microwave H+ source has been built at the HUN-REN EK-CER that targets medium current (20mA) and 35 keV beam energy in continuous or pulsed mode (0.1-10ms @ 0.01-25Hz) and low normalized beam emittance (< 1 π mm.mrad).
A new gas jet-based diagnostic system installed on the proton source provides non-invasive beam profile measurement * and allows a novel way for emittance evaluation with...
As part of our search for radiation-hard techniques for beam profile monitoring, we have conducted a novel experiment using microstructured optical fibres, which are known for their extremely high radiation tolerance, filled with scintillation gases, which are also inherently radiation hard. We tested this new technique at the CLEAR accelerator at CERN, demonstrating its potential for beam...
Optical Transition Radiation (OTR) is a widely used diagnostic technique in accelerator particle beam applications, providing high-resolution beam profile measurements. This work focuses on the development and implementation of OTR-based beam profile monitors for the transfer lines at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and its upgrade (ALS-U), with the goal of enabling real-time, online beam...
The Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI) operates the SPS-I facility located in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, which provides synchrotron light for various scientific and industrial applications. The linac injector, serving as the primary injector, is responsible for electron beam bunching and acceleration to 40 MeV, after which the beam is transported to the booster ring via the...
Pinhole cameras serve as the primary diagnostic for emittance and energy spread measurements in the storage ring of Diamond Light Source. Similar pinhole cameras will be employed for the Diamond-II upgrade, to enable direct imaging of the stored beam while also allowing for the monitoring of skew, profile, position, and instabilities. The emittance and coupling are calculated from the acquired...
Real-time beam monitoring is essential for enhancing the efficacy and reliability of radiotherapy. FLASH radiotherapy has shown a strong potential in improving treatment effectiveness by delivering doses at ultrahigh dose rates (>40 Gy/s). Beam monitoring at FLASH is challenging, as existing devices like Ionization chambers face saturation. We are developing an all-optical monitor for...
PEPITES* is an ultra-thin and wide dynamic range charged particle beam profiler. Its signal uses secondary electron emission, effective with only O(10 nm) of matter and highly linear with beam intensity. Thin film techniques are used for the sensitive area, enabling multiple monitor variants. Typical electrodes are membranes with 50 nm thick gold strips or fully metallized. Several systems...
The Beam Gas Curtain (BGC) is an instrument for transverse diagnostics in operation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The transverse beam profile is obtained by imaging the fluorescence light resulting from the interaction between the beam and a thin supersonic neon gas jet. This technique can provide minimally invasive and absolute measurements of both proton and ion beams, throughout the...
This paper investigates the signal characteristics of Titanium, Tungsten, and Carbon materials used in a secondary electron emission grid setup at CERN's North Area. Periodic scans were conducted to reconstruct beam profiles and assess the performance of these materials, configured as wires and bands, under slow-extracted 400 GeV protons. The study aims to inform the design and optimization of...
In the framework of SOLEIL-II, the project of SOLEIL's storage ring upgrade towards lower emittances, preliminary studies were performed to pinpoint the resolution limits of the exisiting pinhole cameras.
However, while reducing the vertical emittance from the SOLEIL's nominal 50 pm.rad value to 8 pm.rad, unexpected filaments were observed in the image plane of the pinhole cameras, severely...
The beam halo can contribute to beam losses in accelerators and is very difficult to measure. With an increase in beam intensity following the PIP-II upgrade at Fermilab, the beam losses are expected to be higher with some coming from beam halo. Therefore, it is important to measure the sources of beam halo to minimize the beam losses. A modified Halo Monitor developed by J-PARC will be...
In the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), an Ion Profile Monitor (IPM) was installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) to address challenges in measuring strong-current beam profiles and enable real-time monitoring. This study focuses on the preliminary analysis of IPM data signals, aiming to accurately extract critical beam information from the signals. Residual gas components in...
A non-invasive photon-detection beam profile monitor using a gas sheet, named the gas sheet monitor, has been developed. Our gas sheet is formed based on rarefied gas dynamics. To obtain a beam profile quantitatively, we have also devised a beam reconstruction method with a response function measurement method. These methods gave a 2-D beam profile of a high-intensity 3 MeV beam at the J-PARC...
SuperKEKB is a high luminosity electron-positron collider that aims to achieve an instantaneous luminosity ten times higher than the present world luminosity record by SuperKEKB itself. However, stable operation is hampered by a phenomenon known as Sudden Beam Loss (SBL), where beam instability occurs within tens of microseconds, resulting in significant beam loss and triggering a beam abort....
SIRIUS, the Brazilian 4th generation synchrotron light source, has been in operation since 2020. Over time, insertion devices (IDs) are expected to populate its straight sections. To supress edge effects from undulators and support overall beam stability, a feedforward correction system is currently available through EPICS layer for the first installed ID. However, performance could be...
Space charge effect was considered a driving force for emittance growth in high-intensity beams. To understand it, the emittance needs to be measured. In the past, the quadruple scan was one of the simple and efficient methods to measure beam emittance, but it is difficult to apply to high-intensity beams where the space charge plays a dominant role due to the deviation from the quadratic...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) requires an electron cooler operating at the EIC injection energy to obtain the design proton beam emittances. A non-magnetized RF-based electron cooler, the EIC Low Energy Cooler (LEC), is currently under design. It will be operating at γ-factor 25 and will be delivering 70 mA electron current to a 170 m long cooling section (CS). To obtain required cooling an...
The CERN Beam Instrumentation group is currently investigating a radiation-hard beam profile monitor for the CERN North Area. Our main efforts are now focused on straw tubes, a type of wire chamber detector that offers the advantage of being vacuum-compatible and easily equipped with in/out motorisation. We have launched an extensive testing campaign across several CERN accelerators to...
A new harp has been installed in the Ring To Target Beam line (RTBT) section of Spallation Neutron Source. The Harp is made of two planes with 30 titanium 50 micron wide wires each plane. The narrow, low-Z wires versus the 100 micron tungsten wires of the original harp, are to minimize the beam scattering. This harp will be both a backup and a complement to the existing harp further...
The bunch-by-bunch feedback system is now an key function in high-current, multi-bunch storage rings to suppress coupled-bunch instability and/or to reduce the effects of injection vibration. In high-luminosity e+e- colliders such as SuperKEKB, strong beam-beam interactions occur due to collisions, which usually introduce very wide frequency response on the transverse bunch motion far out of...
NanoTerasu is a 3 GeV light source newly constructed in Sendai, Japan. The circumference is 349 m and the natural emittance is 1.1 nm rad, which is realized by a double-double-bend achromat lattice. The commissioning of the storage ring started in June 2023. The longitudinal instability was observed when the stored beam current reached 150 mA in August 2023. The temperature of RF cavity was...
Oscillating arm wire monitors are in use at PSIs HIPA facility since the 1970s. Molybdenum wires or foils, carbon fibres, or tungsten blades are passed through the proton beam in the 0.87 MeV, 72 MeV and 590 MeV beam lines to measure secondary electron emission current. We are developing an improved monitor to serve in the new proton beam lines of the IMPACT project, as spares, and later as...
Accurate and continuous measurement of the transverse beam profile is essential for optimizing the performance of particle accelerators. At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), this task is performed non-invasively by the Synchrotron Radiation Telescope (BSRT). Operational since Run 2, the BSRT has undergone upgrades enhancing its reliability and performance. It operates under conditions that pose...
We present a robust simulation framework for using Optical Synchrotron Radiation (OSR) as a non-invasive tool to extract the transverse emittance of relativistic electron beams in advanced accelerator facilities. As next-generation accelerators target higher brightness and lower emittance, conventional diagnostics may fall short. OSR, coupled with an optimized optical transport system, offers...
A beam gas curtain (BGC) monitor was installed in the LHC for continuous transverse beam profile and emittance measurement. A molecular gas curtain was injected into the LHC continuously. In this work, a pulsed gas jet operation was proposed to minimize the introduction of gas molecules to the beam line and optimize the background pressure. The study was conducted on a gas curtain beam profile...
In the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), electron beams of up to 200 mA are stored with an energy of 2.5 GeV, while injection is performed at 500 MeV. At the injection energy, the beam life time and the injection efficiency depend largely on Touschek scattering. As a counter-measure, the beam size can be enlarged transversally by an excitiing modulation, e.g. applied via a strip-line....
High-brightness, megahertz-rate electron sources are a curial component of future light sources, including the Linac Coherent Light Source II High Energy project, the continuous wave (cw) operation mode of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, or the superconducting rf (SRF) photoinjector at SEALAB at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin. The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf has employed an SRF gun...
Organic scintillators offer high sensitivity and fast response but face challenges in achieving both high spatial resolution and rapid acquisition, and are prone to radiation damage. We present a novel beam profiler based on silicon microchannels filled with scintillating resin, each individually read out by a photodiode array connected to custom microcontroller-based electronics. The...
During CERN’s Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) in 2022, the Anti-Proton Decelerator (AD) target area underwent major renovations, including a significant upgrade to its beam imaging system. The previous tube-based camera, used in a high-radiation environment, had limitations in sensitivity and resolution for continuous measurements.
The upgraded design uses an innovative in-air light-emitting screen...
Siam Photon Source I (SPS-I) is a 1.2-GeV synchrotron facility in Thailand, operated by the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), providing synchrotron radiation for various applications to the user community. The SPS-I linac injector generates 40-MeV electron bunches, which are then transported to the booster synchrotron via the Low-Energy Beam Transport line (LBT). To ensure effective...
We present an upgraded beam monitoring system designed for use in high-radiation environments where conventional imaging solutions rapidly degrade. In the presented device the radiation-sensitive P47 phosphor screen of the previous system* is replaced with a radiation-hard Chromox ceramic scintillator and relocates the CMOS camera outside the irradiation zone by transmitting the optical signal...
Non-destructive methods for measuring beam qualities like transverse beam profile are at times preferable for a range of reasons, including less down time and more reliability. These methods are, however, not always viable, for example for lack of space at the interaction point, where users typically place instrumentation needed for their experiment. In this paper we present a Machine Learning...
Shifting RF phases is a common task in particular at particle accelerators. Which RF frequencies need to be shifted is highly facility dependent, which demands a wide range phase shifter. The phase shifter presented in this contribution consists of a custom board, that includes a high-performance quadrature modulator, voltage regulators and an 16-bit digital-to-analogue converter that offers...
The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is the fourth-generation synchrotron light source with a beam energy of 6 GeV, developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics. As a essential partment of the HEPS, The Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) systemhas been developed to maintain the beam orbit stability. In this work, a neural network-based algrithm has been designed and developed to replace the...
The advent of 4th generation synchrotron light sources has placed unprecedented demands on beam stability, requiring sub-micron orbit control to fully exploit their ultra-low emittance and high-brightness capabilities. This tutorial explores orbit stability, covering sources of perturbations like magnet misalignments, ground vibrations, and power supply fluctuations, as well as correction...
The Electro-Optic Beam Position Monitor (EO-BPM) is a new diagnostic tool being developed to enhance the intra-bunch transverse beam position monitoring in the High Luminosity LHC at CERN. This EO-BPM has been installed in the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) since 2024. The Pockels effect in lithium niobate crystals is exploited to detect the propagating electric field from passing proton...
At the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider, which aims to achieve the world's highest luminosity, "Sudden Beam Loss events (SBL)" have prevented its stable operation, in which several tens of percent of the beam current is lost and aborted within several turns (20-50 µs).
Elucidating SBLs, which can cause extensive damage to accelerator components and the Belle II experiment detectors, is a...
In 2024, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) delivered Pb-Pb ion collisions at a beam energy of 6.8 Z TeV with a stored beam energy of more than 20 MJ. In order to clean beam halo particles and avoid quenching the LHC superconducting magnets, a novel collimation method employing a few mm-long crystals was introduced for ion operation in the LHC Run 3. Additionally, the Beam Loss Monitoring (BLM)...
The superconducting upgrade to the LCLS x-ray free-electron laser at SLAC is now in commissioning, as we gradually raise the repetition rate of the 4-GeV beam toward 1 MHz and the beam power toward 120 kW. A further upgrade next year will double the energy and power. Machine protection at this extremely high power required a novel system of fast beam-loss monitors (BLMs). Points of concern,...
This paper presents a novel, rapidly reconfigurable multileaf collimator (MLC) for high-fidelity beam shaping. The MLC, compatible with ultra-high vacuum, features independently actuated leaves to tailor mask profiles. Coupled with an emittance-exchange (EEX) beamline at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator, transverse profiles are transformed into custom longitudinal distributions, including...
7 MeV electron bunches from a radiofrequency photoinjector, carrying
up to 100 pC of charge, traversed a localized distribution of nitrogen
gas (N2). The interaction of the electron bunches with the N2 gas
generated a correlated signature in the ionized particle distribution,
which was spatially magnified using a series of electrostatic lenses and
recorded with a microchannel-plate...
At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), a minimally invasive wire scanner with sub-micrometer spatial resolution has been developed with a twofold objective: enabling real-time monitoring of the SwissFEL (Free Electron Laser) electron beam transverse size during lasing operation while also paving the way for a new generation of customizable wire scanners. These scanners are designed to be...
In the context of building the next generation of synchrotron light sources, significant effort has been directed towards developing BPM buttons. The design of these components needs to consider several factors related to the miniaturization of the beam pipe and the broadening of the beam spectrum, while still guaranteeing high resolution for commissioning and feedback purposes. A workshop was...
Beam Position Monitors are the essential diagnostics tools in any accelerator facility. They enable precise beam orbit measurements with nanometer-level resolution which are crucial for the operation of modern linac-based Free Electron Lasers and future linear colliders. In this work we present the development and implementation of a pulsed RF burst source synchronized with accelerator timing...
Conventional X-ray beam monitors, such as gold meshes and conductive diamond films, often suffer from significant drawbacks, as diffraction effects, non-uniform transparency, low signal levels, and poor spatial resolution, particularly when applied to soft and tender X-ray beams. To address these limitations, we explore the use of ultra-thin (<2 µm) free-standing Silicon Carbide (SiC),...
A Beam Energy Monitor (BEM) was developed for the cyclotron of the HUN-REN ATOMKI, using TOF measurements on a short flight path. The sensor unit uses two capacitive probes at a distance of 20 cm, the entire geometry is about 40 cm long. The compact size allowed the unit to be installed in the main beamline, making it possible to measure and monitor the beam energy independently of the...
In collaboration with the University Hospital Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin has treated more than 4900 patients with ocular tumours using protons with an energy of 68 MeV. Parallel to tumour treatment is an on-going research programme on beam delivery, dosimetry, and radiation hardness tests. For the set-up of new beamlines and to increase our research...
Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are the most commonly used non-destructive diagnostics for almost all linear accelerators, cyclotrons, and synchrotrons. It is very important for BPM to provide accurate beam position for closed-orbit correction, and etc. Meanwhile, it is necessary to accurately offline calibrate the BPM position sensitivity and evaluate whether the result is correct or not. In...
A phase detection system has been implemented at the Taiwan Photon Source, employing beam position monitor (BPM) electronics integrated with a digital inphase/quadrature (I/Q) demodulation scheme. This system enables high-resolution analysis of beam phase stability, RF cavity field phase, and synchronization integrity of the RF clock distribution. It also facilitates the investigation of beam...
A bead test was conducted to measure the shunt impedance (R/Q) of the cavity beam position monitor (BPM) for PAL-XFEL. R/Q is an important parameter of a cavity BPM because it relates to the signal strength, which determines the resolution of the beam position measurement. In the bead test, a dielectric and metal bead were used to assess the frequency change at various bead positions. The...
DALI is an envisioned suite of advanced accelerator-based THz sources that are continuously tunable over the frequency range from 0.1 THz to 30 THz. The THz sources will provide radiation with high pulse energy (up to 100 µJ – 1 mJ) at a high but flexible repetition rate up to 1 MHz. An MeV ultra-fast electron diffraction (UED) source will complement this facility.
The contribution will...
The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) implements a novel swap-out injection scheme. To comprehensively characterize the beam dynamics during swap-out injections, approximately 20 Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) in the initial sections of the storage ring have been equipped with high-precision single-bunch electronics. These systems are capable of measuring the turn-by-turn positions of the...
The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) validates key features of the IFMIF. After completing Phase B+, it is preparing for Phase C. Beam Position Monitors (BPMs), essential non-interceptive diagnostics for beam alignment and time-of-flight measurements, were only partially calibrated but provided key data for commissioning. As BPMs will be even more critical in Phase C, a full...
PERLE is an Energy-Recovery Linac (ERL) to be constructed at IJCLab in Orsay. It will be the First multi-turn ERL with superconducting RF (SRF) with the ambition to reach 10MW beam operation (20mA beam current and 500MeV beam energy)
Diagnostics are a key element for PERLE operation and among diagnostics, the salient feature for Beam position monitors (BPMs) is the presence of multiple beams...
By directly sampling the BPM signals with a high sampling rate oscilloscope, the bunch-by-bunch position and phase were calculated. With the help of injection trigger signal, oscilloscope was utilized to capture the injection process. The energy mismatch of the injection transient process and the residual oscillation of the injection bunch were studied. The longitudinal tune and oscillation...
To measure bunch lengths at the SLS 2.0, a streak camera is often used. Although a superb device, degradation of the photocathode with extended exposure prevents its use as a continuous beam monitor. We have been exploring the use of high-bandwidth photodiodes together with RF components to sample the beam spectrum at frequencies that correspond to the spectrum of a single bunch, which extends...
A Feshenko-style Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) is used to measure longitudinal profiles of the H+ and H- beams at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. We present the results of a study done to characterize how the longitudinal profile of each species if affected by different parameters of the RF bunchers and linac modules upstream of the BSM. Features of the longitudinal profiles are elucidated...
As part of the ongoing ALBA II upgrade, which aims to significantly enhance the performance of the ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, a new design for button Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) is under investigation. In this contribution, we present the results of a characterization study conducted on button prototypes supplied by two different manufacturers. Furthermore, we introduce the preliminary...
This paper describes the main stages of the journey from preliminary ideas on button shapes to actual measurements on prototypes of Beam Position Monitor (BPM) devices for Elettra 2.0.
In the first stage, the electromagnetic phenomena involved in BPM sensors were studied taking into account different pick-up geometries, dielectric and conductive materials, and bunch lengths. Critical aspects...
Accurate measurements of bunch length and shape are crucial for the proper operation and optimisation of accelerator facilities. This work presents a simulation study of a dielectric-lined waveguide (DLW) streaker structure designed to measure both the bunch length and longitudinal profile for the CLARA facility at Daresbury Laboratory*. The structure consists of two orthogonally oriented...
The goal of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) is to accelerate externally injected electrons using a plasma wakefield driven by a 400 GeV proton bunch. To achieve this, the electron bunches must have a short bunch length of 200 fs, making the implementation of a real-time, non-invasive bunch length monitor essential. This monitor uses alumina dielectric prisms inserted into the vacuum...
The Canadian Light Source (CLS) is a third generation 2.9 GeV synchrotron comprised of a 250 MeV LINAC, a full energy booster, and a storage ring with 13 insertion devices and 22 operational beamlines ranging from infrared light to hard X-rays.
The Timing System supplies the triggers required to synchronize operation of all components responsible for injecting current into the storage ring....
Laser-based electro-optic detection (EOD) has been a valuable tool to measure the longitudinal electron bunch shape with sub-ps resolution for almost a decade, but it has always been a tool for expert use. Recently, the server and the user interface has been updated allow automated laser locking, time calibration and measurements to prepare for general operator use at the EuXFEL. It is...
For the upgrade of the electro-optical bunch arrival-time monitors (EO-BAMs) employed at several X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities, a novel pickup structure has been proposed, and its feasibility was successfully tested at the ELBE accelerator. The design, comprising planar pickups on a printed circuit board (PCB) with an integrated combination network, delivers a significantly...
We present preliminary experimental results on the measurement of the current profile and longitudinal phase space (LPS) of an ultrarelativistic electron beam using a corrugated structure at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). The electron bunch is streaked by the transverse wakefield induced by the corrugated plates, resulting in a correlation between the...
The AWAKE facility at CERN uses novel proton beam-driven plasma wakefields to accelerate electron bunches over a 10 m plasma source. The facility will soon be rebuilt to study methods to improve the quality of the accelerated electron beam, requiring better resolution from the proton BPMs. In addition, it is desirable to replace the existing bespoke electron BPMs with an in-house solution....
The ILSF storage ring (528 m circumference, 3 GeV electron beam) requires precise beam diagnostics for stable operation. This paper details the design and simulation of button-type beam position monitors (BPMs) for this storage ring. Using CST Microwave Studio and BpmLab, we optimized a four-electrode button BPM configuration at 45° to the beam axis. The study compares different button...
EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB is a FEL user-facility currently under construction at INFN-LNF in the framework of the EuPRAXIA collaboration. The electron beam will be accelerated to 1 GeV by an X-band linac followed by a plasma wakefield acceleration stage. This high-brightness linac requires diagnostic devices able to measure the beam parameters with high accuracy and resolution. To monitor the beam...
An overview of performance and operation of Blade FEXBPMs installed at the MAX IV R3 storage ring frontends will be presented.
FEXBPM design, position calibration techniques, normalization to the storage ring current, resolution and some deficiencies of the operation will be discussed.
Suggestions for design strategy of the Blade FEXBPMs and overall improvements of the FEXBPM based on...
Cyclotron-based proton beams are widely used in research and medical applications due
to their capability to deliver bunched beams across a broad range of bunch charges. One
of the most critical components in beam diagnostics is the beam position monitor (BPM),
which must accurately measure the beam’s position while minimizing disturbance to the
beam.
At Kutaisi International University...
We have developed a Stripline BPM readout device based on an AMD/Xilinx RFSoC chip which integrates multiple ADCs, DACs, a large scale FPGA, and an ARM processor in a single package. The developed device is intended for use at the beam transfer line connecting the KEK injector Linac to the SuperKEKB collider rings. SuperKEKB will operate at unprecedented luminosities requiring very high beam...
The current bunch-by-bunch beam position measurement system at electron storage ring mainly based on high-sampling-rate oscilloscopes and transverse feedback electronics. The oscilloscope cannot achieve real-time bunch-by-bunch beam position measurement or large-scale online applications. The TFB electronics can only perform simple relative position measurements of single bunch at a time. The...
As part of the CSNS-II upgrade, an improved injection scheme will be implemented to mitigate the space charge effect. To precisely measure the transverse beam position during injection, painting, and storage in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), a large-aperture (260 mm × 180 mm) Beam Position Monitor (BPM) is essential. The rectangular cut-plane BPM was selected for its excellent linearity...
A new BPM processor is being developed to address the ageing of BPM signal processors and the new demand for synchronised data acquisition at the storage ring of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The BPM processor consists primarily of a digital carrier board and an analog front-end (AFE) module. The AFE is responsible for the conditioning of the BPM output RF signal and for the...
PAL-XFEL is preparing for double bunch operation scheduled for 2027 by upgrading various systems, including the BPM (Beam Position Monitor) infrastructure. However, the existing BPM electronics are optimized for single bunch signals, and when double bunches are injected, signal overlap occurs, making accurate position measurements difficult. To address this issue without significantly...
SenSiC GmbH, a spin-off from the Swiss Light Source (SLS), has developed a new class of beamstopper sensors, termed Beamstopper Integrated Sensors (BIS)[1,2], based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductor technology. Using custom processing and assembly methods, BIS devices achieve ultra-compact footprints below 1 mm and are designed for both real-time intensity monitoring and four-quadrant...
CLARA is a high-brightness 250 MeV electron test facility, which aims to deliver high quality beams to a flexible user area called FEBE, supporting experiments in areas such as novel acceleration. * The requirements of these experiments impose stringent diagnostic requirements. This paper will describe progress on the pyroelectric detectors intended for use with a multi-channel THz...
Many currently operating and future FELs can generate broadband radiation at MHz repetition rate, requiring a fast diagnostic tool(response time at least on a single-digit ns scale),ultra-broadband, & robustness. We develop ultrafast-operating THz detectors based on Schottky-diodes, and field-effect transistors (FET)**operating at room temperature.
We present four critical features of our...
In close proximity to the spallation neutron source of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN, diamond detectors are installed to measure the fast neutron beam. The detectors are located 2.3 m from the center of the spallation target at 100° with respect to the impinging proton beam. The 20 GeV/c proton beam from CERNs Proton Synchrotron (PS) hits the Pb-spallation target with a...
We present an improved electro-optic sampling technique that extends the sensitivity and temporal resolution of beam diagnostics beyond conventional limits. Through precise calibration of the detection system, we reconstruct the spatio-temporal profile of the near-field generated by a relativistic electron beam in a ZnTe crystal. This allows for accurate retrieval of the beam’s peak current...
Electro-optic (EO) diagnostics offer non-destructive methods to resolve the longitudinal charge profile of highly relativistic bunches without the need for complex calibrations or ambiguous phase recovery techniques. The most commonly used technique, EO spectral decoding, is favoured for its simplicity, reliability, and straightforward output interpretation. However, its resolution is...
A test bench for commissioning the 324 MHz RF deflectors used in BSMs has been in use for the upgrade project CSNS-II linac. The pulsed 10keV electron beam produced by a Kimball focusable electron gun has been captured by a YAG:Ce screen and imaged by an industrial camera installed vertically right above the view port of the screen after passing through the body of the RF deflector...
In modern low-emittance electron storage rings, precise beam orbit control is crucial to ensure the beam passes through the magnetic center of each high-gradient multipole magnet, with an accuracy of 10 μm or even better. Accurate alignment of a BPM with the center of the neighboring magnet is imperative, a critical requirement for SPring-8-II. With a total of 340 BPMs, efficient beam...
We present voltage and thermal measurements from the first prototype of a stripline BPM intended for the PETRA IV synchrotron ring. The monitor was installed at the PETRA III testbed for evaluation and compared with CST Microwave Studio simulation results. Initial measurements revealed unexpected voltage oscillations and significant heating (~135 °C) which were not reproduced in idealized...
In scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) beamlines, precise control of X-ray beam position and intensity (I₀) is crucial to minimize imaging artefacts and improve spectral quality. However, limited working distances in STXM setups restrict the integration of conventional diagnostics. To address this, we have developed a center-stop-based Silicon Carbide (SiC) device that integrates...
At the insertion device beamline in SPring-8, a photoelectron emission X-ray beam position monitor that utilizes four tungsten-blade detectors is currently in operation. The horizontal and vertical position sensitivity coefficients (gains) are determined by analyzing the output signals of the four detectors as the monitor body is translated horizontally or vertically, respectively, from the...
Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are essential diagnostic tools in any particle accelerator, as they provide accurate measurements of the beam's position, phase, and intensity along the accelerator line. Safran Electronics & Defense, Spain is responsible for the complete design, implementation, production, and validation of a BPM electronic system tailored to project-specific requirements....
At the heavy ion accelerator UNILAC at GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, measurements were carried out with a Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) in order to precisely measure the time structure of the particle beam. The FFC offers a highly accurate time-resolved recording of the charge distribution along the longitudinal beam profile. The data obtained in combination with a dipole...
The high-precision energy spectrometer, as a key electron beam diagnostic device, is capable of accurately measuring the energy distribution of electron beams, thereby providing essential data for optimizing electron beam injector performance. Simultaneously, the upstream beam collimation also influences the measurement accuracy of the spectrometer. In this context, electron beam injectors...
Solid State X-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) are an established reality for in-line, real-time monitoring for X-ray beams. Commercial products are available in different materials, such as diamond (CIVIDEC, DECTRIS) and Silicon Carbide (SenSiC GmbH)*. One issue related to this class of devices is the presence of a separation cross in the center of the device, used to obtain four...
Diagonal-cut plane Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) are utilized to measure the transverse position of the proton beam at the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS. Custom developed electronics are employed to process signals from the BPMs. Significant transverse beam position offsets were observed at several locations along the RCS. These offsets were attributed to abrupt changes in the...
Electro-optical pickups are being explored at CERN for the development of a high-bandwidth beam position monitor capable of measuring intrabunch beam position. To support this effort, a prototype electro-optical beam position monitor has been installed in the SPS. The installation utilises a fibre-coupled laser directed into lithium niobate crystals. As the beam passes a crystal, its...
Optical beam diagnostics, such as OTR screens and streak cameras, can overcome bandwidth limitations of electronic diagnostics. However, efficient light collection and transport is challenging. At the PEER (Pulsed Energetic Electrons for Research) facility at the Australian Synchrotron (AS), we use Cherenkov radiation (CR) generated in optical fibers to reconstruct longitudinal bunch profiles...
Accurate measurement of the longitudinal profile, or bunch length, of particle beams is essential for evaluating and optimizing beam quality in the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) Storage Ring. While Beam Position Monitor (BPM) signals are typically used for precise position measurements, they also contain information about the longitudinal bunch distribution, convolved with the BPM...
The longitudinal phase space characterization of electron bunches plays a crucial role in operational optimization of accelerator facilities. Currently, the terahertz free-electron laser (THz-FEL) facility at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) uses a combined deflecting cavity and dipole magnet system for longitudinal phase space measurements of bunches. In order to achieve...
The Electron-Ion Collider is being constructed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The crab cavities will be utilized for the increase of the luminosity. While the initial set-up of crab cavities can be based on the orbit measurements during dedicated development time, we need to utilize a less invasive approach for monitoring the longitudinal beam tilt during operations. We propose to...
Modern BPM processors utilize digital processing of the beam induced signals. The information on the signal amplitudes is used for the delta over sum calculation of the beam position, while the readily available phase information is usually discarded. We have experimentally tested measurement of the individual positions of two beams propagating in the common beampipe utilizing both phase and...
Photon Beam Position Monitors (pBPM) detect photon beam intensity and position in synchrotron light sources and are capable to operate in real time during experiments, without altering beam properties and ideally discriminating between insertion device (ID) and bending magnet (BM) radiation. Early approaches used metallic blades based on photoemission from beam tails, but failed with...
Free electron lasers (FEL), which can generate ultra-high brightness rediation are working horses for radiation science research over the world. For FEL, the higher the repetition frequency of the beam in the device, the higher the user's experimental efficiency, and more experimental stations can conduct experiments simultaneously. Therefore, there is a trend to increase the repetition...
This work presents the development and characterization of PCR4, a novel pico-to-milli ammeter jointly developed by STLab srl and SenSiC GmbH, specifically designed for applications requiring high-current readout, allowing for monochromatic and polychromatic beams measurement. PCR4 features four independent channels, each with 24-bit resolution, a 10 kHz sampling rate, and an ultra-wide...
Transverse beam position is one of the most critical parameters in accelerator commission and operation. As non-invasive diagnostic devices, beam position monitors (BPMs) are the main “workhorse” in accelerators, providing beam center of mass position information. The position conversion factor (K-factor) of BPM systems constitutes a fundamental determinate of measurement accuracy. While...
As the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) Phase II project increases the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) power to 500 kW, the signal intensity of Beam Position Monitors (BPMs) is expected to rise tenfold, necessitating a comprehensive upgrade of the electronics system to meet high-power operational requirements. Drawing on the experience of the J-PARC Main Ring (MR) 1.3 MW power upgrade,...
Diamond-II is a major upgrade to the current synchrotron facility, Diamond Light Source. The low emittance electron beam requires more stable, low drift beam position monitor electronics which are also essential for the Fast Orbit Feedback system. This paper presents measured and simulated results of the analog frontend for the electron beam position monitors. This work aims to deliver an...
The J-PARC MR achieved its initial target of 750 kW operation and is currently upgrading its equipment to reach the next target of 1.3 MW. The Beam Position Monitor (BPM) must enhance position accuracy to less than one-third of that of the current system to mitigate beam losses caused by accelerating the high-intensity proton beam of 3.3E14ppp. To address this, a new Data Acquisition System...
A novel photo-emission type of X-ray Beam Position Monitor (PheM XBPM) for the ‘white’ undulator radiation was proposed [1]. After that a prototype was designed and manufactured at the MAX IV. Two PheM XBPMs were installed at the SoftiMAX and CoSAXS frontends of the MAX IV R3 storage ring. Performance results of the PheM XBPM prototype will be presented.
[1]....
Steady-state microbunching (SSMB) is a proposed scheme to generate coherent radiation at short wavelengths from a microbunched electron beam in a storage ring. The feasibility of the idea is investigated in an ongoing proof-of-principle (PoP) experiment conducted at the Metrology Light Source (MLS). Phase I of the SSMB PoP experiment has been using an experimental setup employing a single-shot...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) aims to leverage the hardware from the RHIC storage ring as much as possible. However, the RHIC stripline beam position monitors (BPM) used in the superconducting magnet cryostat will not be compatible with the planned EIC hadron beam parameters that include shorter bunches, higher beam current and operation of the beam with a radial...
In the framework of the recent FLASH2020+ upgrade program, the longitudinal electron beam diagnostics of the FLASH accelerator had been modernized and extended by additional devices, including an electro-optical bunch length detector (EOD[]), as well as an additional bunch compression monitor (BCM []) and a bunch arrival-time monitor (BAM [**]) in the new direct seeding beamline FLASH1. ...
For the HESR diagonally cut BPMs were designed, with 64 manufactured and tested with a purpose-built BPM test-stand. This test-stand had to host BPMs of various lengths, the overall length of the complete vacuum system varies from 450 mm to 1585 mm. For all BPMs several properties, e.g. the geometric factors or the electrical center in relation to the geometric center, were measured utilizing...
To surpass limitations in sub-picosecond electro-optic electron bunch length diagnostics[1], we present an innovative detection method utilizing diversity schemes[2].
This approach employs simultaneous multi-output measurements of the chirped optical probe modulated by the electron bunch's field. We introduce a novel inversion algorithm that automatically recognizes and compensates for...
The development of longitudinal diagnostics for short-pulse electron accelerators is challenging but necessary to provide high-brightness electron bunches. This is equally true for novel plasma accelerators as for free electron lasers. The gold standard for such measurements is a transverse deflecting cavity (TDC), but these are typically invasive, are costly to produce and operate, and have...
We will give an overview of the Smith-Purcell and transition radiation based longitudinal diagnostic methods employed at the ARES (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) linear accelerator to characterize femto-second long electron bunches.
The Smith-Purcell radiation mechanism has been studied for the case of metallic gratings, but not much experimental data has been published yet with...
SOLEIL II is the low emittance upgrade project for Synchrotron SOLEIL, targeting an emittance of ~80 pm.rad.
The new lattice includes 196 Beam Position Monitors (BPM) distributed in 3 different types depending on the vacuum chamber diameter.
To ensure consistent signal levels across varying pipe diameters, two button sizes were selected: 6 mm diameter for 16 mm beam pipes, and 7 mm diameter...
Our heavy ion beams are slow, short, and thick. For such beams, spiral beam position monitors(BPMs) are expected to provide good linearity and multiple information readouts despite their small size. At the RIKEN Nishina Center, various ion beams are accelerated using linacs and cyclotrons. However, the beams handled are slow enough compared to relativistic speeds, the bunch length is only...
The electron-positron Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) has challenging requirements for beam instrumentation, including the need for thousands of high-resolution beam position monitors (BPMs) presenting low impedance to the circulating beam. This paper details the requirements for the FCC-ee arc BPMs and presents the simulation results of BPM button pickups with various geometries modelled...
Information on the longitudinal phase space (LPS) is essential for tuning injectors that deliver a few-femtosecond electron bunches to beam–plasma interaction experiments and ultrafast diffraction facilities. Direct time–energy characterization, however, is challenging due to the limited resolution of conventional diagnostics. To address this, we apply a tomographic algorithm that uses a...
The IFMIF-DONES facility located at Escúzar in Spain will consist of an accelerator delivering 125 mA of 40 MeV deuterons onto a Lithium target. At the last part of the accelerator, when the beam footprint is almost shaped, different beam diagnostics are considered. In order to protect the machine against changes of the beam and give a safe interlock, a novel RF pickup made of eight electrodes...
The XBPM installed in the TPS frontend determines the center position of the photon beam using four CVD diamond blades. The combination of XBPM and upstream/downstream EBPM readings of the insertion device enables verification of the photon beam’s alignment along the correct trajectory. Significant changes in the beam position or profile, as well as prolonged periods without recalibration, may...
The AWAKE facility at CERN utilises proton beam-driven plasma wakefields to accelerate electron bunches in a 10-meter long rubidium plasma cell. Precise monitoring of the electron bunches in the presence of the more intense proton bunches, which have distinct temporal and spatial characteristics, requires a beam position monitor (BPM) operating in the tens of GHz frequency range, assuming...
As part of the ongoing Full-Energy Beam Exploitation (FEBE) upgrade to the CLARA accelerator at Daresbury, few-fs optical synchronisation between the new Ti:Sapphire terawatt FEBE laser and the Er:Yb optical master oscillator (OMO) is required for user experiments. To achieve this, a fibre-based two-colour balanced optical cross-correlator (BOXC) using waveguided periodically-poled lithium...
X-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) play a crucial role in accurately measuring the position of the white beam in synchrotron front ends. Traditional XBPM designs typically feature four tungsten blades arranged at the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the white beam. However, the high absorption and lower thermal resistance of tungsten limit the proximity of the blades to the X-ray source,...
This paper reports on the design and operational experience of an electro optical sampling (EOS) diagnostics based on the same femtosecond laser used for the seeding process of the FERMI FEL2. This design allows operating in parallel with the FEL2, minimizing time jitter with respect to the seed laser which is the main time marker of the FEL process by removing the time jitter contributions...
In this study we present an extensive theoretical investigation, and lateral resolution optimization, into the use of semiconductor-based sensors (semicon-sensors) for real-time monitoring of high-intensity synchrotron whitebeams. Leveraging internal photoemission, these sensors can give critical advantages over conventional metal-based blade monitors that rely on *surface...
The High Current Injector features normal-conducting RF Linac structures intended to accelerate various ion species with a mass-to-charge ratio of up to 6, achieving a maximum output energy of 1.8 MeV/u. It can deliver an intense analyzed beam up to 100pnA at the target. To preserve the beam quality at the target and to improve the performance of RF cavities and beam transmission, both...
The ELSA facility at the University of Bonn uses a storage ring to accelerate polarized electrons up to 3.2 GeV. To monitor the polarization degree of the stored beam a Compton polarimeter is used to analyze the profile of the back-scattered beam of gamma rays. In addition to a silicon microstrip detector with vertical resolution, state-of-the-art pixel detectors are tested for both,...
We report progress on a THz streaking experiment at the UCLA Pegasus Laboratory enabling femtosecond-resolution electron bunch length measurements. Single-cycle, 50 µJ THz pulses centered at 0.6 THz are coupled into a metallic horn structure, enhancing field strengths to several hundred MV/m while simultaneously establishing boundary conditions for a strong streaking gradient. A...
The FELiChEM is a user facility dedicated for energy chemistry research, developed at University of Science and Technology of China in Hefei. The beam position diagnostics system at FELiChEM are upgraded recently. The facility operates with a special mode: macropulses at 1 Hz repetition rate with microsecond duration, each containing micropluses at 59.5 MHz repetition rate. The key advancement...
Energy-recovery linacs provide high beam currents with low externally provided RF power compared to conventional linacs while maintaining high beam quality. The S-DALINAC is a multiple recirculating accelerator operating with a frequency of 3 GHz. It can be operated as a multi-turn superconducting energy-recovery linac *. The bunch length is suspected to limit the efficiency of this operation...
A novel soft X-ray BPM (sXBPM) for high-power white beams of synchrotron undulator radiation has been developed through a joint effort by BNL/NSLS-II and Stony Brook University. In this approach, custom-made multi-pixel GaAs detector arrays are positioned in the outer portions of the X-ray beam, with beam position inferred from the pixel photocurrents. The first R&D device, installed in the...
Longitudinal emittance growth is a critical challenge in RF linacs. We propose a novel solution to mitigate this issue: employing temporally spaced laser pulses to selectively photo-detach electrons from the longitudinal head and tail regions of H- ion bunches. This removal is theorized to reduce particle distributions in the extreme orbits, thereby improving beam uniformity and minimizing...
A thorough understanding of the Longitudinal Phase Space (LPS) of the
electron beam is of great advantage to any modern linear accelerator, and of
critical importance for operating a Free Electron Laser (FEL). A diagnostic system
equipped with a Transverse Deflecting Structure (TDS) allows full imaging
of a beam’s LPS. However, measurements with a TDS are not always easily
accessible and...
The absolute characterization of the electron pulse duration- bunch length - in the ultra-short and low- charge (3-10 pC) operation mode of SwissFEL is relevant to a deeper understanding of the spectral structure and broad-band distribution of the resultant Free-Electron-Laser (FEL) pulse. Under this operation mode of SwissFEL, the output signals of the Bunch-Compressor-Monitor (BCM) in...
Pump-probe experiments at Free-Electron Laser facilities depend heavily on the relative timing precision of the pump and the probe, which determines the resolution of the observed ultrafast phenomena. The DESY's Bunch Arrival Time Monitors (BAM) are state-of-the-art sensors based on an electro-optical detection principle, that delivers information on the bunch timing with unprecedented...
The successful laser cooling of positronium (Ps) via the 1$^3$S – 2$^3$P transition using broadband laser pulses, recognized as a Physics World Top 10 breakthrough in 2024, marked a milestone in antimatter research. Ps, a bound state of a positron and electron, posed significant challenges due to its 142 ns lifetime and broad Doppler profile. Achieved by the AEgIS collaboration at CERN, this...
