Description
Thursday Poster Session
This study introduces a multi-objective Bayesian optimization framework to enhance the performance of electron linear accelerators in Fourth Generation Synchrotron Radiation facilities. By focusing on minimizing horizontal and vertical emittances and energy spread at the linac exit, the approach targets improved beam quality essential for advanced synchrotron applications. Traditional methods...
A new digital beam position and phase measurement (BPM) system was designed for the ion-Linac (iLinac) accelerator in the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The fundamental and the second harmonic signals are retrieved from the BPM electrodes to simultaneously calculate their respective beam positions and phases. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm...
CERN’s upcoming SPS Beam Dump Facility (BDF) will host a production target designed to manage challenging thermal and mechanical conditions while providing the physics output required by the Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment. It must fully absorb 400 GeV/c protons and dissipate up to 305 kW. The baseline design consists of water-cooled tantalum-alloy clad TZM and tungsten (W)...
The FRANZ linac, consisting of a coupled RFQ-IH cavity and a subsequent CH rebuncher, requires an LLRF system with moderate performance demands. These include amplitude control to maintain a constant field in the cavity, constant phase synchronization between the accelerator and rebuncher, and plunger control to stabilize the cavities frequency at 175 MHz. Given the dead time from LLRF RF...
In the frame of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project at CERN, a series of sensor solutions based on Frequency Scanning Interferometry (FSI) has been proposed for the alignment and monitoring of accelerator components along a total length of more than 800 m. The adoption of FSI technology reduces the overall cost of alignment installations, mitigates the impact of environmental noise, and...
A Low-Level RF and Power Control system based on EPICS has been developed for the new H¯ RF Ion Source on the Pre-Injector Test Stand at ISIS Spallation Neutron and Muon source, UKRI-STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. The Ion Source LLRF system provides a 2 MHz signal to a Solid-State 100 kW RF Amplifier that drives the Ion Source Plasma, the changing Plasma load requires fast Frequency...
Non-destructive measurement of low-intensity charged particle beams poses significant challenges in beam diagnostics. At the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), beams with currents below 1 μA are frequently used in experiments, which fall below the detection threshold of standard beam current transformers. To address this, a low-intensity monitoring system was developed,...
The quality of slow extraction from the SPS (Super Proton Synchrotron) to the North Area is critically influenced by the straightness tolerance of the electrostatic septum. Past observations have identified a degradation of the anode body straightness, resulting in an increased beam loss during extraction. A new metrology bench including optical sensors has been developed to cope with the...
The High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is an ambitious project aiming to upgrade the LHC to achieve substantially more collisions to increase its potential for new discoveries after 2030. As part of this upgrade, 220 m of new components will be installed on both sides of the interaction points of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The upgrade includes the installation of over 300 Wire...
To construct a closed orbit model for an accelerator ring with intrinsic uncertainty quantification from orbit measurements, a physics-informed Gaussian Process model is proposed based on a stochastic ensemble of MAD-X lattices. Key advantages compared to LOCO (Linear Optics from Closed Orbits) include (1.) uncertainty-enabled orbit prediction in between BPMs (beam position monitors), (2.)...
In order to reduce the closed orbit distortion during ID’s gap change at the user beam time, we use 13 pairs of ID's end-correctors to do the slow orbit feedback. This feedback coexists with the fast orbit feedback. We hope the beam passing through the ID's field center to be fixed during each user beam time. In this paper, we will show a preliminary result of this feedback.
Optical Fibre Sensors (OFS) possess unique features, such as high sensitivity, versatility, and the ability to operate in harsh radiation environments. Distributed OFS are notable for enabling real-time monitoring over large-scale facilities, making them ideal for applications in particle accelerators. Their distributed measurement capabilities provide comprehensive monitoring while offering a...
The digital LLRF controller for the Facility for Rare Isotope (FRIB) project was designed to accommodate various cavity types with six distinct frequencies ranging from 40.25 to 322 MHz. The cavities also adopt different types of tuners, e.g. stepper motor, pneumatic, water flow, etc. A common hardware platform with design choices such as direct sampling of RF, compatible footprint for RF...
An auto-scanning vibrating wire system for magnets centering alignment was developed at NSRRC. It is prepared for the replacement of magnets on the girder of TPS storage ring in case of malfunction and also as a pre-study topic of the TPS upgrade. With this system, both quadrupole and sextupole magnets were tested in the laboratory. This paper presents the system configuration and testing results.
The Accelerator Test Facility* (ATF) is the DoE Office of Science User Facility aimed to provide users with a high brightness electron beam, near-infrared (NIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser beams. The unique capabilities at the ATF include the possibility to combine the electron beam with synchronized high-power laser beams.
It is planned to upgrade the facility to have enhanced...
The integration of large-scale projects, such as the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), serves as a critical link between technical teams and operational objectives, enabling a global technical vision necessary for effective project management. In fact, the Integration & (De-)Installation task of HL-LHC oversees the validation of technical choices in terms of technical objectives,...
With increasing operational frequency ($f_R$), the size, weight, and power consumption of linear accelerators (Linacs) decrease, which is why e.g. X-band Linacs are attractive for industry, medicine, and science. However, a higher $f_R$ also requires stricter manufacturing tolerances for the radio frequency cavities of the Linacs. Combined with the disadvantages of conventional cavity...
In the SXFEL injector, the beam stability achieved superior performance, maintaining fluctuations below 0.01% after passing through four S-band accelerating units. However, the stability deteriorated to 0.02% upon exiting the X-band linearizer. To mitigate this degradation, a series of targeted enhancements were implemented, including an extensive upgrade of the low-level RF system’s front-end...
The Bunch Shape Monitor (BSM) is a versatile diagnostic device designed to measure longitudinal beam parameters, which are essential for the operation and development of high-intensity linear accelerators. However, these measurements remain challenging for proton and ion beams at non-relativistic energies. RadiaBeam has developed an enhanced BSM prototype with several key innovations to...
A laser-wire-based method for a direct measurement of bunch profiles of an operational H- beam has been developed at the SNS. In this talk, we report recent advancements on the bunch profile measurements using a customized picosecond pulsed laser with giga-watt peak power and a user-defined macro-pulse structure. The modified system enables fast and precise tracking of the bunch profiles over...
The Liverpool Centre for Doctoral Training in Innovation in Data Intensive Science (LIV.INNO) has made significant progress in applying data-intensive methods to accelerator research. This contribution presents research outcomes from the center with a focus on two key projects. The first focuses on optimizing 3D imaging for medical and industrial applications, integrating Monte Carlo...
There are 32 electron beam position processors used for beam position measurement in the storage ring of Hefei Light Source(HLS II), the crossbar-switch(CS) of processors must be operation for RF channels compensation and long-term stability. The turn-by-turn(TBT) and fast acquisition(FA) beam position signals would suffer from the CS interference like harmonics and artifact when the CS is...
In the context of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project, two configurations of collimator settings are being considered. A set of relaxed settings were conceived to address potential limitations due to the impedance contribution of the collimation system with the initially foreseen settings, and to increase the
primary betatron cut in case of over-populated beam tails. A...
Previous work has shown the efficacy of using machine learning for removal of noise in LLRF signals when operating in an industrial environment. Here we extend the analysis to include different noise power spectra. Specifically we analyze the impact on denoisig when correlated noise power spectra are used. Four different noise spectra are analyzed including red, pink, violet, and blue noise....
Integrable non-linear lattices realizable in practical accelerators are of great interest as they may support very high-intensity beams through Landau damping of the collective instabilities. One such integrable system based on elliptic potential has been intensively studied at the IOTA storage ring in Fermilab. Analysis of highly nonlinear systems with multi-particle bunches is complicated...
Modern accelerator facilities often involve a large number of variables that could potentially influence the beam quality. While most variables are constrained by preset boundary conditions, long-period (from tens of minutes to one day) fluctuations within the boundaries can still significantly impact beam qualities. These variables are challenging for operators to identify and optimize due to...
To coat the inner surface of antechamber type vacuum chamber for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) with nonevaporable getter material (NEG), a dedicated magnetron sputtering setup has been prepared at National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL). The magnetron sputtering device and the coating method are introduced in this paper. The properties of the films were tested. This coating...
Bayesian optimization is a method for performing global optimization on black-box functions using Gaussian processes and an acquisition function. In accelerator parameter tuning, when the number of adjustable parameters is large, finding the global optimal parameters can be time-consuming and often relies on the operator’s experience. Bayesian optimization is well-suited for such scenarios. In...
Drifting optimal settings and changing working conditions force accelerator operators to keep re-tuning control systems. At BNL, the RHIC injector complex accelerates many different ion species by varying a multitude of control knobs. In this report, we investigate the use of Bayesian optimization (BO) of the Booster-to-AGS (BtA) transfer line to maximize the beam brightness in the AGS. The...
High-energy accelerators like CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) present hazards characterized by temperature variations such as cryogenics leak or fire. Considering that LHC tunnels are large, underground and radioactive areas, traditional systems to detect these hazards can’t be used. CERN is exploring the feasibility of installing a large-scale temperature monitoring system in LHC tunnels...
The large set of technical documentation of legacy accelerator systems, coupled with the retirement of experienced personnel, underscores the urgent need for efficient methods to preserve and transfer specialized knowledge. This paper explores the application of large language models (LLMs), to automate and enhance the extraction of information from particle accelerator technical documents. By...
The role of large particle accelerators in basic research and applied research is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, which have put forward higher requirements for the accuracy and efficiency of particle accelerator alignment measurement. The vibrating wire pre-alignment system measures the magnetic center position of the magnet through the amplitude information of a beryllium...
The Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is the third-generation synchrotron and serves higher brilliant light source with 3 GeV storage ring.The accelerator system consists of a storage ring with a circumference of 518.4 meters and a booster ring. The control system equipment is widely distributed across different rooms along the ring, with many devices scattered across a large spatial area. Due to the...
The retrieved waveform data include pulse magnet power supply waveforms, fast current transformer waveforms, wall current monitor waveform, RF power waveforms, beam signals, and more. These waveforms are crucial for diagnosing subsystem abnormalities and for long-term observation during routine beam operations. Various types of digitizers, capable of remotely accessing waveforms, have been...
The Taiwan Photon Source's (TPS) Front-End Interlock System has been upgraded to solve operational complexity and maintainability that were noticed in the early stages of operation. For increased dependability and fault-handling capabilities, one of the main enhancements is switching the logic core from an FPGA-based architecture to a fault-tolerant dual-sequential CPU architecture.
The...
Particle accelerator control rooms rely on fixed workstations with multiple monitors and on-site personnel, limiting operational flexibility. When experts connect remotely—whether for troubleshooting, monitoring, or collaboration—current setups often lack sufficient screen space, forcing users to toggle between interfaces and reducing situational awareness. Recent advancements in augmented...
The Crocker Nuclear Laboratory at UC Davis operates a 72-inch isochronous cyclotron capable of accelerating protons, deuterons, and alpha particles to variable energies up to a maximum of 67.5 MeV for protons. The cyclotron is primarily used for proton therapy, conducting radiation effects testing, and supporting academic research. We describe the upgrade of its original analog control system...
The commissioning phase of short-wavelength FEL is often lengthy due to the optimization of thousands of control variables. These variables are frequently interdependent and have non-linear correlations with FEL performance, which makes optimization of such a complex system challenging, particularly for soft XFEL. Additionally, FEL inherently suffers from shot-to-shot intensity jitter, which...
Neutron scattering experiments are a critical tool for the exploration of molecular structure in compounds. The TOPAZ single crystal diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source and the Powder Diffractometer at the High Flux Isotope Reactor study these samples by illuminating them with different energy neutron beams and recording the scattered neutrons. Aligning and maintaining the...
This article provides an overview of various software tools developed by operators to enhance TPS operations. The primary functionalities of these tools include real-time monitoring and notification of light source statuses, as well as data analysis. The tools covered include the TPS alarm system, LINE notification system, real-time orbit deviation display, real-time fast corrector output...
The Future Circular Electron-Positron Collider (FCC-ee) is CERN’s leading proposal for the next generation of energy-frontier particle accelerators. With 91 km circumference, it is ambitious in both size and technical objectives. So much so that simply the number of components that must be simultaneously operational is a risk to luminosity and physics goals. Availability and reliability are...
In particle accelerators, accurate and stable beam parameters are crucial for experimental success. Traditional methods for measuring parameters like beam energy often rely on invasive techniques that disrupt experiments. This paper presents a novel, non-invasive machine learning-based approach to predict beam energy using parasitic measurements, enabling real-time estimation without...
We will present the status of the beam instrumentation at MESA. To put MESA into operation various diagnostic systems are necessary. To optimize the beam the position and phase with respect to the accelerating RF needs to be optimized to be able to recirculate the beam for multi-turn operation or ERL mode respectively. On the other hand, an absolute beam current measurement is necessary. This...
The online optimization and debugging of particle accelerator devices have always been a challenging task. Traditional manual debugging is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and there is a phenomenon of slow drift in the machine's operating state after debugging, requiring experts to repeatedly debug. With the improvement of computing power, machine learning has developed rapidly in recent...
Transverse beam profile diagnostics for high intensity beams are very challenging as material inserts are untenable. An alternative single shot beam diagnostic was studied, and developed, that consists of a thin sheet of gas. When a charged particle beam traverses the gas sheet, the neutral particles are ionized. The ionization products are then imaged on a monitor and the time of flight is...
Passive wakefield devices such as corrugated structures have demonstrated great potential for longitudinal phase space control and diagnostics in FEL. In this work, we will explore the application of corrugated structures in beam tilt characterization. We show that a tilted beam experience asymmetric kicks when passing through corrugated metal jaws with the asymmetry of the streaked profiles...
A recent analysis of emittance measurements highlighted the limited reliability of tools for precise method evaluation and error calculations. In this paper, a new analysis method is presented with its associated errors calculations. It is evaluated using realistic beam simulations and compared to the linear regression method commonly referenced in the literature. This new analysis method is...
Calibration and experimental testing of the beam profile monitor were conducted at the U-400 accelerator of the LNR JINR using a 84Kr+8 beam with an energy of 3.11 MeV/nucleon. The tests included measuring secondary emission currents from cathodes made of graphite and aluminum, installed with a 3 mm pitch. The beam center was determined with an accuracy of ±1 mm using profile data...
Cavity beam position monitors (CBPMs) are very high-precision devices that, in recent years, have progressed from experimental equipment to standard linac diagnostics in many prominent facilities, most notably free electron lasers. However, the high sensitivity of these devices comes at the cost of a limited measurement range, even with high dynamic range electronics. Furthermore, CBPMs need...
The ALBA Synchrotron is currently designing its new version to become a 4th generation particle accelerator. In this new scenario, ALBA would produce a brighter and more coherent photon beam. As a result, ALBA would provide capabilities hitherto inaccessible in terms of resolution, detection levels and understanding of chemical and electromagnetic properties.
In this context, the thermal and...
The KIT cSTART project (compact storage ring for accelerator research and technology) aims to demonstrate injection and storage of a high intensity ultra-short bunch using the FLUTE LINAC, as well as a laser-plasma accelerator (LPA).
cSTART is planned to operate with a wide range of demanding parameters, such as bunch charge, bunch length and energy spread (from the LPA), making it extremely...
A new Beam Profile Monitor (BPM) system has been recently developed at the IRRAD Proton Facility to monitor the high-intensity 24 GeV/c proton beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron accelerator. Thanks to the use of a new sensor manufacturing technology based on the microfabrication of metal nano-layers and updated readout electronics based on a Charge-Sensitive Amplifier with integrated 20-bit...
Transverse phase space (x, x’, y, y’) measurement is crucial in beam physics to optimize the beam parameters. Typically, the phase space information of space charge-dominated beams can be characterized using well-established methods such as pepper-pot and movable slit-based scans. In addition, recent studies show that calibration of transfer matrix with considering space charge forces provides...
Non-evaporable getter (NEG) coatings can be made with various composition of transition metal alloys. Ternary TiZrV NEG coatings are very commonly used for vacuum chambers for particle accelerators, as they exhibit efficient pumping properties and low outgassing rates. It has been found that quaternary TiZrVHf coatings provide even better pumping properties, and if an alloy target is used for...
Outgassing rate is one of the most important criteria for vacuum acceptance of various components used in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) systems. There are numerous methods to measure the outgassing rate of UHV components. One of the most common techniques is the so called ‘pressure-rise’ method. In this method the component under test is enclosed in a system and disconnected from the pump. The...
The ISIS-II Neutron and Muon Source, the proposed successor to the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK, presents a unique opportunity to integrate environmental sustainability practises from its inception. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed during the early feasibility and design stage to evaluate the potential environmental impacts across...
The negative impacts of global warming and continuously rising energy costs emphasize a need for sustainable and cost-effective operation also for accelerator facilities. This necessitates optimization of accelerator operation, which then requires a comprehensive profiling of accelerator facilities for power consumption patterns to break down the consumption trends of the whole facility. At...
Our work addresses the challenge of estimating spin polarization in high-energy electron and positron storage rings, such as the ESR of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at BNL and those in the electron/positron Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee) at CERN as well as those in the proposed Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC).
We model the spin and orbital motion of particle bunches using the...
Beamstrahlung radiation represents a new challenge at CERN's lepton Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee), specifically for electron-positron collisions. At each interaction point, its unprecedented beam intensities give rise to two photon beams with a power of several hundred kW each. Liquid lead, known for its high density and Z and relatively low melting point, is proposed as a beam dump...
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) operates research accelerator facilities for the development of new technologies for future compact light sources at the Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IPBT). Within the cSTART project (compact STorage ring for Accelerator Research and Technology), a Very Large Acceptance compact Storage Ring will be realized to...
The FCC-ee, a 90.7 km circumference e+ and e- collider under study at CERN, will require a transverse feedback system capable of handling risetimes as fast as four turns for the lowest order coupled-bunch modes. This can be realized by a distributed system of pick-ups and kickers in more than one location of the ring. The advantages are weighed with respect to the flexibility to respond to...
Personnel Safety Systems provide prevention and mitigation barriers to protect personnel, users, equipment, and the environment against the risks associated with the operation of the CERN Accelerators and Experiments, such as Radiation, Fire, Gas and Oxygen Deficiency Hazards. Due to the obsolescence or ageing of technology, evolutions of the facility and the Safety rules, it is now time to...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project includes several phases of installation and commissioning, spanning over multiple years, with the Inner Triplet (IT) String test as the first milestone for an overall system validation. In parallel, installation is ongoing in the new HL-LHC Technical Areas, in particular the two 300-meter-long service tunnels, and in the new surface...
The In-Vacuum Tapper Undulator (IUT24) is a critical component of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), responsible for generating high-intensity synchrotron radiation across a wide range of photon energies. The control system for the IUT24 is based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) framework, providing robust control and monitoring capabilities for the undulator's...
The premise of the stable operation of charged particles in the accelerator storage ring is a stable and clean vacuum environment, and the level reached by the vacuum system is directly related to beam intensity, beam quality and beam lifetime. Therefore, the design of vacuum system is an indispensable part of accelerator engineering. HALF is a fourth generation advanced synchrotron radiation...
The existing room temperature heavy ion synchrotron SIS18 at GSI will be used as booster for the future SIS100 at FAIR. One of its features the the generation of high intensity heavy ion beams. In order to create such beams, medium charge states are used, which have a lower space charge limit and can be created with less stripping losses. Unfortunately, such heavy ions have very high...
One possible future for Jefferson Lab’s Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) lies in upgrading its maximum nominal energy using Fixed-Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) technology for its recirculating arcs. The current proposal aims to use permanent magnets to supply the fixed fields. One concern among reviewers is the degradation of these permanent magnets during operation due...
Starting with user delivery it was noticed that the FEL intensity performance varied by up to a factor of two during the day. Three injector RF phases for the laser, the gun, and the buncher were not stabilized with a forward and reversed reference signals like the rest of the RF feeding the Cryo-Modules, making them the prime candidates for daily phase drifts. Combining the signals in...
To damp undesired longitudinal oscillations of bunched beams, the main synchrotron SIS100 of FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research) will be equipped with a bunch-by-bunch longitudinal feedback (LFB) system. It will consist of new broadband kicker cavities and a dedicated low-level RF (LLRF) system. The LFB helps to stabilize the beam, to keep longitudinal emittance blow-up low and to...
The construction of fourth-generation accelerators, represented by free-electron lasers and diffraction-limited storage rings, is increasingly popular, which sets higher standards for the installation precision of insertion devices. Large-scale insertion devices are installed using two laser trackers, but a rigorous system has not been established. To enhance installation accuracy, we propose...
The precise modelling of magnetic fields in particle accelerator magnets is essential for optimizing their performance and ensuring the accurate control of particle beams. Traditional modelling approaches require extensive multi-physics simulations and electrical and magnetic measurements. In this study, we explore using data-driven artificial intelligence models to predict the magnetic field...
The Booster Ring (BRing), which requires an average vacuum to be better than the 10-10Pa，is the key part of the High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility. The total length of BRing is 569.0985 meters, the characteristics of long circumference, large cross-section and a large amount of gas load, pose great challenges for on-site installation and achieving the vacuum index. Therefore,...
Increasingly, synchrotron facilities are being developed as green accelerators focused on energy efficiency and low-emittance rings to achieve high brilliance. The emittance size of the electron beam is closely related to the number of bending magnets used. To economically upgrade and optimize the current synchrotron facility, it is crucial to minimize revisions to the existing infrastructure....
Permanent magnet-based dipoles will be an essential part of the future PETRA-IV light source at DESY. The bending magnets are combined-function DQ-magnets, which provide moderate focusing with a B/G ratio of about 0.03m. Each DQ consists of several C-shaped modules, one of the three types additionally having a stepwise longitudinal gradient. Several prototype modules have recently been...
As important parts of the High Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF), the Chopper and the Kicker play an indispensable role in controlling the operation mode of the beam and the protection of the machine. Accurate timing control is the key technical requirement and difficulty of this type of equipment, and it has a profound impact on the injection and extraction efficiency and beam...
A 3rd harmonic superconducting (SC) cavity working at 1.5 GHz is required to improve beam lifetime and provide Landau damping by lengthening the bunch without energy spread for storage ring of Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF). The cryostat, which is used to create a liquid helium temperature environment for the SC cavity, is a key device for stable operation of this SC cavity. This paper...
The APS-Upgrade (APS-U) ID beamline front ends are equipped with next-generation X-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs). Each XBPM utilizes 16-element array detectors to simultaneously capture beam distribution information from undulator and bend magnet (BM) sources. A novel IOC has been designed to handle the following tasks in real time: estimating and subtracting BM signals, applying...
The Proton radiation effects facility (PREF) was designed and constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics, which can provide high-quality proton beams with continuous and accurate tunable energy range, high current intensity, high duty cycle and large scanning area of 10-60MeV energy range. which consists of a proton source, RFQ linac injector, synchrotron and irradiation terminals. The RFQ...
Designing a vacuum chamber for the Elliptically Polarized Undulator (EPU) in the SPS-II storage ring presents challenges due to a constrained bore aperture, minimal clearance between magnet poles, and requirements for synchrotron radiation delivery. This study focuses on a vacuum chamber design that accommodates the large opening angle necessary for EPU operation. A complex transition...
The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project at CERN aims to enhance the LHC's performance and increase its discovery potential. As part of this upgrade, new components will be installed and must be aligned with an accuracy of 0.17 mm vertically and 0.33 mm radially (1σ) over a length of 420 m.
To achieve such requirements in harsh conditions, CERN has developed a range of new...
The CSNS RCS (Rapid Cycling Synchrotron) is a proton accelerator designed to achieve a target beam energy of 1.6 GeV, with a typical operating intensity of 140 kW, which is expected to increase to 500 kW after the CSNS II upgrade. However, a significant current instability has been observed during the 100 kW beam operation. To mitigate this instability, techniques such as operational tuning...
The ALS-U project at LBNL is major upgrade of the ALS involving a new Accumulator Ring (AR) and an upgraded Storage Ring (SR).Another overarching AR Personnel Protection System (PPS) is in place for personnel protection during normal beam operations. However sometimes we need to do RF leakage checks in AR RF cavity area with powered RF cavity below power limit and without beam. In this...
In this paper, a multi-layer ionization chamber is designed for the measurement of 250MeV proton beam profile. The chamber is equipped with 128 X and Y channels, allowing for high-resolution profiling of the proton beam across both transverse axes. Each channel is capable of detecting ionization events, providing precise dose measurements and spatial distribution information. The design...
A novel high-precision beam diagnostic system has been designed for slice emittance and energy spread measurements. The 20-meter diagnostic platform integrates eight quadrupoles, a deflecting cavity, and an energy spectrometer, achieving 100fs temporal resolution in both operational modes through the same beamline layout. The emittance measurement mode provides 50-fold horizontal...
Cavity Beam Position Monitors (cBPMs) provide precise beam position measurements, essential for guiding and stabilizing the beam to maximize luminosity on next-generation particle colliders.
A new cryogenic setup is under development to house a reentrant cBPM and a superconducting (SC) quadrupole for use in the ILC Main Linac. The BPM prototype must measure the beam position, achieving...
In fourth-generation light sources, the storage ring lattices are generally very compact, which may result in serious cross-talk effect. Reducing the leakage field of magnets will be an effective way to mitigate this issue. In this paper, a new type of permanent magnet structure is designed based on an analysis of magnetic flux leakage in normal permanent dipole magnet. A comparison of this...
The Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) is a fourth-generation synchrotron light source designed to provide high-brightness, low-emittance, high-energy electron beams for advanced synchrotron applications. SPS-II is equipped with a 150-MeV linear accelerator, a 3-GeV booster synchrotron, and a 3-GeV electron storage ring, enabling the production of high-quality synchrotron radiation for a wide...
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is positioned as an internationally advanced fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source in the low-energy range, based on a diffraction-limited storage ring. The stainless steel vacuum chamber is a key component of HALF, with 316LN stainless steel chosen as the primary material. Its mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, low outgassing...
The ANTHEM (Advanced Technologies for Human-centered Medicine) research project will establish a Research and Clinical Center in Caserta, Italy, for the study and application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The INFN (LNL, Pavia, Napoli, Torino) has in charge the design and construction of the epithermal neutron source, that will assure a flux of $10^9\ n/(s\ cm^2)$ with...
Designing the standard BPM pick-up for the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is a challenging task as the BPM button may experience the elevated beam-induced resistive wall heating due to shorter rms bunch length (~ 7 mm) and high repetition rate. In addition, the BPM pick-up needs to provide reliable beam position measurements over a wide range of beam energies: 5...
The ANTHEM (Advanced Technologies for Human-centered Medicine) research project will establish a Research and Clinical Center in Caserta, Italy, for the study and application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). The Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ), designed by INFN, produces proton beam of 30 mA at 5 MeV, impinging on a beryllium target. A 12 m long Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT)...
The design study of a distributed pumping system using NEG (Non-Evaporable Getter) strips for the slender beam pipes of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is presented. To achieve a high pumping speed and pumping capacity in a limited pumping space, a NEG strip with distributed pumping capacity was considered. A prototype of HALF vacuum chamber, which can be inserted into NEG strip and...
The advancement of broadband terahertz (THz) sources has become increasingly important for various scientific and technological applications, including those in particle accelerators. To enable tunable and flexible THz source development, components capable of selective THz spectrum filtering are essential. In this work, we investigate the use of 3D-printed photonic crystal structures,...
The Australian Synchrotron 2.0 (AS2), a proposed 4th generation light source for Australia, aims to deliver ultra-low emittance (~100 pm) and highly coherent, bright light, enabling critical scientific applications. However, its sensitivity to minor magnet misalignments and field errors necessitates rigorous beamline optimisation, which is computationally intensive due to a large parameter...
The CERN accelerator complex relies critically on fast injection and extraction processes to transfer particle beams between accelerators via fast pulsed magnets, or kickers. Ensuring high availability is paramount, as the reliability of these systems directly impacts the large number of experiments conducted at CERN. In this paper, we propose to explore Continual Learning (CL) methods,...
At the Taiwan Photon Source 13A experimental station, the detector is prone to noise interference in a vacuum environment ranging from 750 torr to 7 mtorr, which can lead to malfunctions. Therefore, a rapid automatic power-off system has been designed to immediately shut down the detector's power when it is in an abnormal vacuum range, reducing the impact of noise on the detector and thereby...
Beam manipulations require precise control of phase space correlations. Gwanghui's previous work introduced a method for generating arbitrary correlations using Fourier series and cosine sums with transverse wigglers. However, accurately controlling the wigglers to match a desired correlation curve remains challenging, as it involves optimizing parameters like amplitude, phase, and period....
This work investigates the potential of using synthetic images generated from CAD models to train an image classifier for identifying components of a particle accelerator. The study focuses on magnets within the ALS Accumulator Ring at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Generating large volumes of real-world training data is often challenging in such complex systems. To address this, CAD...
The specialized terminology and complex concepts inherent in physics present significant challenges for Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly when relying on general-purpose models. In this talk, I will discuss the development of physics-specific text embedding models designed to overcome these obstacles, beginning with PhysBERT—the first model pre-trained exclusively on a curated...
We present the development and laboratory testing of a precise alignment setup for the STERN experimental area at the European XFEL, aimed at exploring beam-based THz radiation generation methods using Cherenkov waveguides. The setup employs an alignment laser to simulate the electron beam trajectory, enabling the accurate positioning of critical components, such as a copper block housing...
The paper presents a design of an autocorrelator manufactured to measure the duration of infrared picosecond pulses of radiation from the 3rd laser of the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser facility, as well as the results of testing the autocorrelator when measuring the duration of picosecond pulses in the visible range. The results and future plans for future experiments using developed autocorrelator
ALBA Low-Level RF (LLRF) system has provided over a decade of reliable operation and has been adopted by other synchrotron facilities. To meet the evolving requirements of ALBA and ALBA-II, a new LLRF system has been developed. This system features FPGA and ADC/DAC MTCA boards designed by SAFRAN, enabling direct 500 MHz signal sampling without down/up-conversion. These enhancements reduce...
In this paper, a multipurpose beam diagnostic system based on a YAG:Ce scintillator is presented. This system was developed in order to measure beam profile, transverse parameters, momentum spectrum, and current of the electrostatic accelerator. The concerning issues in the beam profile monitor design such as image resolution and scintillator temperature distribution have been discussed. In...
This paper presents the development of a beam scraper system for the 3 GeV storage ring of Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II). Beam scrapers are essential for removing halo particles, protecting accelerator components, and managing aperture limitations. The scraper blade material is carefully chosen for its superior thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. The design prioritizes considering...
The controls system for the ISIS accelerator is being migrated from using the commercial software Vsystem to EPICS which is open source. The primary protocol used for transporting process variables (PVs) across the network is pvAccess and the Python-based software p4p is used to create servers that provide access to process variables (PVA servers). A custom wrapper for p4p is being...
These days designing an accelerator consist of prototyping and testing adequate commissioning software. Digital twins serve as natural test benches for validating and monitoring the required physics software stack. These twins must align with the current design state of the accelerator from the project's inception to the machine's commissioning. The authors have developed a modern digital twin...
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) is a 3GeV synchrotron radiation facility located at NSRRC. There are super conduct radio frequency (RF) cavities to provide energy to ramping or replenish electron beams in the booster ring and storage ring. In order to measure the bunch phase of each bunch relative to the RF clock of the accelerator, a bunch phase detector was developed to support measurement...
An integrated concept is presented to design a permanent quadrupole magnet (PQM) using tunning modules simultaneously for varying magnetic field gradient. It is anticipated that this design will be utilized for Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) in the future. This design leverages symmetry to achieve both a broad range of magnetic field gradient tunning and a narrow range of precise...
To rule out Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA) modules with defects due to handmade and reduce time cost of maintenance for deployed modules, it is essential to establish a comprehensive testing platform that includes a complete quality control system. In this study, we developed a platform with function of manipulating driving power and shutting down when failures are detected.
The multipurpose synchrotron radiation accelerator (4GSR), currently under development at the pohang accelerator laboratory (PAL), offers exceptional performance with 100 times higher brilliance and an ultralow emittance of 58 pm·rad compared to third-generation synchrotron light sources. The storage ring includes 344 quadrupoles, 168 sextupoles, and 56 octupoles, most of which are designed...
Among the advanced approaches in Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA), the use of tapered plasma density and extended acceleration lengths—demonstrated through gas jet experiments—has proven effective for generating high-energy beams. However, gas jet sources often fail to ensure stable beam quality and high repetition rates, limiting their applicability. Addressing these limitations within...
The TPS storage ring utilizes a standard four-kicker bump off-axis injection system, which is known to cause disturbances to the stored beam during injections. To address this issue, an in-vacuum non-linear kicker has been developed. This kicker features zero Bx and By fields at its center and an off-axis By, providing a potential solution to facilitate top-off injection while minimizing...
The FETS-FFA will be a proof-of-principle Fixed Field Alternating gradient accelerator (FFA), to demonstrate the feasibility of these machines to drive megawatt-class spallation neutron sources, such as the proposed ISIS-II. It will accelerate protons from 3 to 12 MeV, and demonstrate high-intensity operation through large space charge tune shift. Beam stacking takes advantage of the static...
Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source based on diffraction limited storage ring. It comprises a 180-meter injector and a 480-meter storage ring. The injector incorporates a digital low-level radio frequency (LLRF) control system based on MTCA.4, ensuring a stable and adjustable microwave field for the acceleration structure. This article...
HIAF-BRing, the booster synchronous ring of the High Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility, is rapid cycling synchrotron. It requires a vacuum pressure of 5 ×10 -10Pa and a vacuum pipeline that generates small eddy currents under high-frequency magnetic fields of 12 T/s. A new type of vacuum chamber has been successfully developed to reduce effectively the eddy current effect. It also...
The MADOCA control system was developed for the present SPring-8 in 1997. Nowadays we faced problems of outdated technologies of the MADOCA. In 2025, SPring-8 upgrade project "SPring-8-II" will be started. Toward to the SPring-8-II, we decided to renovate the MADOCA control system. The new control system inherits former MADOCA's concepts, which are characterized by SVOC-style messaging,...
Residual Gas Analyzers (RGA) are highly sensitive gas detectors. In the semiconductor industry, RGA has been used to analyze gas components in the manufacturing process. It is an extremely versatile measurement and analysis tool. The RGA is mostly used to measure the cleanliness of ultra-high vacuum systems and helium leakage measurements at NSRRC. If you need to measure in a low vacuum...
Construction of the COMET experimental facility is underway to explore the muon-electron conversion process at the J-PARC Hadron facility. An 8 GeV proton beam supplied from the main ring irradiates a target in a superconducting capture solenoid magnet, and the produced pions and muons are transported to the experimental area. In the beam line, the muon transport solenoids are composed of...
To meet the beam commissioning requirements of the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a brand-new framework called Pyapas was developed using pure Python. All high-level applications (HLAs) for the HEPS are being built upon this framework. The beam commissioning of the Linac started on March 9, 2023, and the HLAs performed excellently, helping the Linac to successfully complete the test and...
In the SuperKEKB/Belle-II experiment, various new physics searches are conducted by colliding 4 GeV positrons and 7 GeV electrons. Future plans aim to significantly increase luminosity, targeting an integrated luminosity 100 times higher than current levels. However, the realization of this goal is challenged by the phenomenon of "Sudden Beam Loss" (SBL), characterized by the abrupt...
Accelerators are complex systems composed of tens of thousands of individual components requiring continuous maintenance. Aging facilities such as LANSCE face an increased rate of equipment failures, resulting in costly unscheduled shutdowns for maintenance. Early identification and localization of problems along the accelerator can mitigate future failures during scheduled maintenance periods...
SLAC’s upgraded Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) promises transformative 1 MHz attosecond X-ray pulse generation. To meet the demands of high-rate attosecond characterization across multiple operational modes at LCLS-II, we showcase the data processing chain for the Multi-Resolution COokiebox (MRCO) detector--a circular array of 16 multichannel plate time-of-flight spectrometers optimized...
Increasing the performance and capabilities of free electron lasers, such as LCLS-II, hinges on our ability to precisely control and measure the 6-dimensional phase space distribution of the beam. However, conventional tomographic techniques necessitate a substantial number of measurements and computational resources to characterize a single beam distribution, using many hours of valuable beam...
Tuning injectors is a challenging task for the operation of accelerator facilities and synchrotron light sources, particularly during the commissioning phase. Efficient tuning of the transfer line is essential for ensuring optimal beam transport and injection efficiency. This process is further complicated by challenges such as beam misalignment in quadrupole magnets, which can degrade beam...
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for the online control of complex, real-world systems, with recent success demonstrated in applications such as particle accelerator control. However, model-free RL algorithms often suffer from sample inefficiency, making training infeasible without access to high-fidelity simulations or extensive measurement data. This limitation poses a...
The Coupling-Loss-Induced-Quench (CLIQ) concept is an integral part of the quench protection system for the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) Inner Triplet superconducting magnets at CERN. Since the discharge of the CLIQ unit induces a change of the magnetic field in the low beta quadrupoles, a spurious trigger during operation could deflect the beam, potentially causing critical...
This work demonstrates electronic logbook (eLog) systems leveraging modern AI-driven information retrieval capabilities at the accelerator facilities of DESY and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). We evaluate contemporary tools and methodologies for information retrieval with Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAGs), focusing on operational insights and integration with existing...
As the design complexity of modern accelerators grows, there is more interest in using controllable-fidelity simulations that have fast execution time or yield additional insights as compared to standard codes. One notable example of additional information are gradients of physical observables with respect to design parameters produced by differentiable simulations. The IOTA/FAST facility has...
This study presents a data-driven methodology aimed at enhancing the performance and reliability of the injector at ALS. We show a data acquisition system for capturing and analyzing the parameters affecting the injection process to find patterns and improve reliability. We analyze the recorded injection parameters to find key correlations and patterns within the multidimensional parameter...
This poster presents an overview of the efforts to resolve niobium quality issues, specifically surface pits and delamination, encountered during cavity manufacturing for the PIP-II project. Initial surface quality problems led to a temporary suspension of production. Additionally, delamination was later discovered in both formed and unformed sheets, raising concerns about the material's...
At the European XFEL, detecting anomalies in superconducting cavities is essential for reliable accelerator performance. We began with a model-based fault detection approach focused on residual analysis to identify anomalies. To improve fault discrimination, particularly for quench events, we augmented this system with machine learning (ML) models. Key challenges included the scarcity of...
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility/Shanghai Soft X-ray FEL Facility has developed an advanced transverse deflecting structure TTDS (two-mode transverse deflecting structure), using two different rf power sources to deflect beam in any angle. Bandpass filter is a key component in the TTDS, designed to pass low-frequency signals while blocking high-frequency ones. This study uses an...
The demand for cost- and time-effective and customizable components for High Vacuum (HV) and Ultra-High Vacuum (UHV) has prompted exploration into the application of 3D-printing technology. This study investigates the viability of utilizing 3D-printed plastics in UHV by evaluating their outgassing. An extensive evaluation of 3D-printing materials was carried out, highlighting the best polymer...
EuPRAXIA, the "European Plasma Research Accelerator with eXcellence In Applications," represents the next generation of free-electron lasers (FEL). It aims to develop a compact, cost-efficient particle accelerator using innovative wake-field accelerator technology. High-energy physics often demands higher acceleration voltages, and X-band technology offers high gradients in compact structures....
Since 2020 LINAC4 provides the protons for the entire CERN accelerator complex. It accelerates H- ions to a kinetic energy of 160 MeV and injects them into the Proton Synchrotron (PS) Booster using a charge exchange injection mechanism. The performance requirements have been successfully met since 2021. This paper presents the operational experience gained, together with availability and...
Accurate knowledge of the Thermal Contact Conductance (TCC) between surfaces is of great importance for the design of components in particle accelerators, such as mirrors, monochromators, filters, detectors, among others. The TCC depends on many variables such as surface finish, type of material, pressure between samples, temperature and interface materials. The TCC can be found in specialized...
In BNL’s Booster, the beam bunches can be split into two or three smaller bunches to reduce their space-charge forces. They are then merged back after acceleration in the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). This acceleration with decreased space-charge forces can reduce the final emittance, increasing the luminosity in RHIC and improving proton polarization. Parts of this procedure have...
This theoretical study presents an advanced method for longitudinal phase space tomography in electron storage rings, focusing on reconstructing phase space densities from electro-optical spectral decoding (EOSD) measurements that incorporate crystal geometry effects. The EOSD crystal geometry significantly impacts the measurement signal due to signal integration along its length and...
The UC Davis Crocker Nuclear Laboratory houses a 72-inch multi-species Isochronous Cyclotron built in the 1960’s. For many years, previously unexplained beam dynamics have been indirectly observed at the cyclotron by both internal and external experimenters. Investigating these effects within the cyclotron, at the bunch level, has proven particularly challenging due to the cyclotron's harsh...
Function Generator Controllers (FGCs) are key devices used in CERN’s converter control systems to regulate and monitor the power converters that supply current to the magnets in the accelerator complex. To ensure the reliability and enhance the quality assurance of the software that controls these devices, the FGC Test Manager has been developed. It encompasses the Python library...
A homemade permanent dipole magnet with Sm2Co17 is planed to replace the original electromagnet in the TPS transfer line. The prototype of 150 mm length is assembled and measured. This paper will discuss the difference between field measurement and simulation.
In this work we outline the final design and initial measurement lessons for the holders and measuring apparatus of the permanent magnet resiliency experiment which is a part of the FFA@CEBAF proposed upgrade. The experiment will expose permanent magnets to the radiation environment of CEBAF. Due to safety regulations we need to measure the magnets in the tunnel without bringing them out, so...
This paper presents the first operational experience of the European Spallation Source (ESS) cryomodules in a linac configuration, with a focus on the challenges encountered during the initial integrated cooldown and subsequent stable operation. Key aspects such as thermal stability, cryogenic performance, and system integration are discussed in detail. The paper also highlights lessons...
The 3rd-generation synchrotron light source BESSY II is undergoing a series of modernization measures to maintain its leadership role until BESSY III starts its operation, planned for in 2035. The modernization of the LLRF control systems is one of these measures in the so-called BESSY-II+ project. Prior to the deployment of the new mTCA-based digital systems to control the fundamental...
The future circular electron-positron collider (FCC-ee) is designed for highest luminosity to enhance the precision of high-energy particle physics experiments, spanning energies from the Z pole to the $\text{t}\bar{\text{t}}$ threshold. As outlined in its conceptual design report, high-precision measurements of the longitudinal bunch profile are required across multiple operation modes, which...
KEK ATF is the Accelerator Test Facility devoted to develop an advanced beam instrumentation technologies for ILC (International Linear Collider) project. There are seven main subsystems at the facility: RF-Gun laser, Linac, Beam Transport (BT), Damping Ring (DR), Extraction Line (EXT), Final Focus (FF) and Interaction Point Beam Size Monitor (IP BSM). In order to monitor laser pulse output...
RF measurements are crucial for stabilizing the power source output and extracting beam data. As digital systems evolve, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) now commonly reaches 16 bits and 100 MHz, enabling multi-channel low-level radio frequency (LLRF) systems to generate several gigabytes of data per second, overwhelming data storage and processing capabilities. This paper proposes a...
During the third run period (2022-2026) of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), as well as for the future High-Luminosity LHC era, luminosity levelling is key to control the event pile-up in the experiments as well as the heat load to the cryogenic system of the superconducting magnets close to the interaction points. During 2024 proton physics operation, a new luminosity levelling scheme was...
The STAR facility represents an advanced high-energy photon source located at the University of Calabria (Italy). It was conceived to generate high-energy photons through the inverse Thomson scattering process. Following a recent upgrade, the facility features an additional beamline driving the source from 65 MeV electron beam energy up to 140 MeV, leading to a maximum photon energy of 350...
The Mainz Microtron is an electron accelerator, which delivers electron energies up to 1.6 GeV, with a small spread of the energy σbeam < 13 keV. Besides a small energy spread, the high quality of the beam allows producing high coherent synchrotron radiation. The light from two spatially separated and movable light sources (undulators), can be superimposed to render an interference pattern....
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) facility has just completed an upgrade to become one of the world’s brightest storage-ring light sources. Machine learning (ML) methods have seen extensive use during commissioning. One important application was multi-objective tuning of dynamic aperture and lifetime, a complex high-dimensionality task intractable with classic optimization methods. In this work...
In various of particle accelerator designs, amplitude and phase modulation methods are commonly applied to shape the RF pulses for implementing pulse compressors or compensating for the fluctuations introduced by the high-power RF components and beam loading effects. The phase modulations are typically implemented with additional phase shifters that requires drive or control electronics. With...
Laser field diagnostic has long been limited by dimensions of obtained information and one-shot measurement ability. The term “dimension” refers to spatiotemporal distributions, but also physical quantities completely defining a light field including amplitude, phase and polarization. Conventional diagnostic systems realize multi-shot or incomplete measurements of laser optical field, but are...
We report a novel concept of hybrid semitransparent beamstops for small-angle xray scattering instruments, removing the need for a separate photodiode to monitor the transmitted x-ray intensity. The combination of a semitransparent aluminum core and a highly absorbing steel cover ensures minimal parasitic x-ray scattering from the beamstop itself. The modular design readily enables...
The integrable optics test accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab was designed to study a nonlinear lattice based on the Danilov-Nagaitsev integrable potential which is formed by a special magnet and the special linear lattice configuration. At large fields of the nonlinear magnet, the small amplitude vertical tune crosses the integer resonance. At this point, the beam splits vertically into two...
LUXE is an international project that aims to study Quantum Electro-Dynamics processes that occur in the strong field regime. Using the electron beam from the European XFEL, this experiment will perform electron-laser and photon-laser collisions. Beamline simulations are required to understand what beam properties and backgrounds are expected at key locations. The beam optics was design and...
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an accelerator-based neutron source facility that provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the world for scientific research and industrial development. The neutron production occurs when a horizontally injected proton beam strikes the liquid mercury target placed in the center of the target monolith. The...
The impedance of in-vacuum undulators (IVUs) significantly affects the broadband impedance and, consequently, the beam dynamics in storage rings. During the IVU design phase, numerous iterative discussions between physicists and engineers are required, often involving extensive simulations of the complete 3D geometry—several meters long—using limited computational resources. In this paper, we...
In synchrotron light sources, coupled-bunch instabilities driven by resonant wakefields in the vacuum chamber pose significant challenges to beam stability and quality. This study presents the implementation and evaluation of a bunch-by-bunch feedback system at the Pohang Light Source-II (PLS-II). Utilizing state-of-the-art feedback technologies, including Dimtel iGp12 baseband processors and...
Direct Diode Detection (DDD) tune measurement was developed for the Large Hadron Collider, has been used at many hadron machines over the last many years, and has recently been implemented in electron machines as well. This method provides orders of magnitude greater sensitivity to betatron oscillations than conventional beam position measurement approaches. In order to measure the tune...
The elliptically polarized undulator with a period length of 66 mm, called EPU66S, is part of the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) phase-III beamline project. Its control system is built within the EPICS framework using motion controllers and EtherCAT. The control systems of EPU66S include a safety interlock system, which automatically stops movement based on limit switches, torque limit switches,...
SIRIUS is the Brazilian 4th-generation synchrotron light source. In order to keep its top-up operation mode, diagnostic techniques that access beam quality in the injector system are essential for its optimization. In this work, the MENT algorithm was implemented for the reconstruction of two-dimensional probability densities, aiming to determine the electron density in the transverse phase...
Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and its Booster serve as part of the injector compound for RHIC and the future EIC at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Injection and early acceleration processes set maximum beam brightness for the collider rings. Such processes have many control parameters and are traditionally optimized empirically by operators. In an effort to streamline the injection...
In synchrotron accelerators, managing the intense photon flux generated by bending magnets is very important for maintaining the accelerator's performance. The emitted synchrotron radiation, characterized by its high intensity and broad spectrum, imposes significant thermal and structural demands on accelerator components. Photon absorbers are essential to effectively block excess photons,...
The Siam Photon Source (SPS) has, for several decades, implemented direct imaging with synchrotron radiation for the measurement of transverse beam size. This paper describes improvements made to the transverse beam measurement system of the SPS storage ring. A synchrotron radiation interferometer system will be integrated for monitoring of beam size alongside the direct imaging system. The...
The FLASH hadron therapy accelerator proposed by Trbojevic requires permanent magnets with nonlinear fields to allow rapid cycling from 10 to 250MeV while keeping the ring tune constant. A test beamline consisting of four cells from this ring is being built at BNL to be tested at the NSRL proton facility. The magnets consist of 24 neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) wedges magnetised in different...
Insertion Devices (ID) in particle accelerators introduce orbit distortions that must be compensated. At MAX IV, this compensation traditionally relies on feed-forward tables which are time-consuming to measure, and sensitive to changes in accelerator settings. This study explores the use of machine learning (ML) to automate the generation of feed-forward tables without requiring extensive...
Typical operational environments for industrial particle accelerators are less controlled than those of research accelerators. This leads to increased levels of noise in electronic systems, including radio frequency (RF) systems, which make control and optimization more difficult. This is compounded by the fact that industrial accelerators are mass-produced with less attention paid to...
Advances in fidelity and performance of accelerator modeling tools, in tandem with novel machine learning capabilities, has prompted community initiatives aiming to realize “virtual test stands” that can serve as true analogues to physical machines. Such efforts require integrated, end-to-end modeling capabilities with support for parametric optimization and benchmarking. We present the...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project is a major upgrade of the LHC operating at CERN, designed to enhance its performance by another order of magnitude. It involves the entire replacement of the machine and services over more than 200 meters on each side of ATLAS and CMS experiments and modifications across the LHC complex. In this context, the Integration team is...
The number of motor drivers in the TPS beamline and experimental stations is quite large. Therefore, designing an intelligent monitoring and alert system to monitor the motor control system on the beamline is essential. When the system encounters any abnormal conditions, it can notify engineers to handle the situation. Additionally, it can record usage time to schedule relevant replacement...
To achieve physics performance at the Future Circular electron-positron Collider (FCC-ee), luminosity and beam lifetime must be maintained at close to design specifications. Alongside global feedbacks, a fast feedback system is proposed to mitigate beam offset errors at the interaction points (IP), caused by magnet vibrations or other time-varying errors. In this paper, the FCC-ee luminosity...
The KEK e-/e+ LINAC delivers the beams to four storage rings with the top-up injections by switching the beam mode in 50 Hz repetition rate. The beam charge, energy, and number of bunches (one or two) are different for each ring. Therefore, the RF timing and phase are adjusted to each beam mode independently. To stabilize the RF phase drifts caused by the klystron high voltage, the cooling...
The emission of electrons induced by beam interaction with thin targets is a phenomenon used to measure various properties of particle beams. The main processes of electron emission are: secondary emission, delta electron production and thermionic emission. The last one is not desired, because the intensity of thermionic electrons is not directly related to beam density profile. A common...
Variations in the applied electric field in the Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM) affects the time of flight for the ionized particles (primarily electrons) which could affect the measured transverse beam profile. In addition, the applied electric field may affect the space charge of the ionized electrons inside the IPM. In this paper, we present an experimental beam study of RHIC IPM profiles,...
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source based on Diffraction-limited Storage Ring (DLSR) with low beam emittance, high brightness and coherent photon flux. According to the physical design requirements of the HALF, the vacuum chamber structural materials should have low outgassing rate, good electrical and thermal conductivity, high...
CuZr alloy is considered for the structural material of the vacuum chamber of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) storage ring. We tested the outgassing rate of CuZr material. The outgassing rate of CuZr alloy can reach 4.93×10^-11 Pa·L/s·cm² after baking at 180°C for 48h, which is more than one order of magnitude lower than that of SS. These results indicate that CuZr alloy is easier to...
Electro-Optical pickups are being explored at CERN to develop a high-bandwidth beam position monitor capable of measuring the intrabunch beam position. To explore this a prototype Electro-Optical beam position monitor system has been installed into the SPS. The investigations in the SPS use a fibre coupled laser connected into Lithium Niobate crystals. The beam field passing the crystal...
The Japan Proton Accelerator Complex (J-PARC) linac is operated with a peak current of 50 mA to deliver the 1-MW beam to the neutron target through the rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS). One of the source of the beam loss to limit the beam power is a leakage beam from an radio-frequency (RF) beam chopper at the frontend of the linac. Since the leakage beam is presented in the unintended RF...
Maintaining an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment is essential for the Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) to achieve its design performance. Owing to the dimensional limitations imposed by small-aperture vac-uum chambers, non-evaporable getter (NEG) films are commonly applied to the inner walls to enhance vacuum performance. However, conventional NEG films increase the resistive-wall...
KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) conducts beam instrumentation R&D for International Linear Collider (ILC) project. ATF includes 1.3 GeV normal conductivity S-band Linac and Damping Ring (DR). There are 9 S-band pulsed klystrons at Linac, which supply High-Power RF to accelerate electron beam up to 1.3 GeV, 1 CW klystron at DR. The electron beam is generated by a photocathode irradiation by...
Three Lambertson magnets are utilized in the injection and extraction of the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) booster. These magnets incorporate an embedded spliced core structure, integrating structural components made from FeCoV alloy (1J22) with a core composed of DT4 material. The 1J22 components are longitudinally segmented according to the core's length, with each segment processed and...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center uses 805 MHz in the Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL). The CCL is divided into 44 modules composed each of 2 to 4 tanks, with each tank consisting of 37 accelerating cell comprising the accelerating structure with a center fed topology using a bridge coupler. Here we present a prototype to upgrade the LANSCE CCL resonance controller. The tank Q increases with the...
High-power particle accelerators, like the Spallation Neutron Source, require reliable radio-frequency waveguide windows to transmit power while maintaining a vacuum. These windows face performance challenges due to multipacting, an electron cascade disrupting vacuum integrity. Thin TiN coatings can suppress this by reducing secondary electron emission, but traditional methods struggle to...
A laser wire monitor has bean developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS).The monitor utilizes a 1064 nm laser source to measure the horizontal and vertical profiles of a negative hydrogen ion (H-) beam with an energy of 80 MeV in the injection zone. This paper describes the design of the laser optical path layout and the laser transmission performance of the system. The experiment...
The Beam Loss Monitoring System (BLM) of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) protects the accelerator against energy deposition from beam losses. One of the most critical moments regarding beam losses is the start of the beam acceleration. During this process, particles outside the bucket will not be captured in the first seconds of the start of ramp thus being lost at the machine aperture. This...
The implementation of a new product data management (PDM) and product lifecycle management (PLM) system at CERN has significantly improved lifecycles and workflows for 3D integration studies, thanks to the advanced features and tools of the platform. This new PDM/PLM system has provided an opportunity to reassess and optimize user methodologies, focusing on better organization of 3D CAD data,...
Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled them to solve complex tasks using natural language prompts. Similarly, computer vision (CV) continues to enhance machine capabilities in identifying and interpreting objects and scenes. This work explores the integration of LLMs and CV to improve laboratory operations, focusing on automating tasks like data collection and process...
We present the experimental results of the longitudinal phase space (LPS) measurement using a corrugated structure at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). The electron beam, passing the corrugated structure, generates the wakefield, which streaks the beam horizontally. The dipole magnet following the corrugated structure disperses the streaked beam vertically. By...
Digital twins of particle accelerators are used to plan and control operations and design data collection campaigns. However, a digital twin relies on parameters that are hard to measure directly, e.g., magnet alignments, power supply transfer functions, magnet nonlinearities, and stray fields. These parameters can be constrained by beam position and profile measurements. We use Bayesian...
We describe the ongoing efforts to apply Machine Learning techniques to improve the performance of our accelerator and target. Specially, we are looking to minimize halo beam losses in the absence of a proper physics model, automatically detect and log anomalies in the target support systems such as cooling, and detect and prevent errant beam pulses in the linac. We also describe the...
Planned upgrades of the European X-Ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) target higher photon energy and a high duty-cycle operation up to CW operation, critically depending on improvements of the beam slice emittance of the electron gun. We are addressing this challenge by the application of deep learning techniques to create an inverse model that predicts optimal parameter configurations for the...
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities in particle accelerators rely on accurately calibrated RF signals to assess cavity bandwidth and detuning, ensuring optimal performance. In practice, however, calibration drift due to humidity and temperature fluctuations over time poses a significant challenge, potentially resulting in suboptimal operation and reduced efficiency. This study...
The accurate assessment of beam quality is the most important aspect in the irradiation facilities operation such as IRRAD at CERN. The Beam Profile Monitor (BPM) sensor system developed for the high-intensity proton beam at IRRAD features minimal particle interaction, improved radiation hardness and higher sensitivity and sampling rate than previous systems. It provides a wealth of...
A machine learning-based model predictive control (MPC) application has been developed for the RFQ control at Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB). In this work, we extend this approach to broader applications at FRIB, the superconducting radio frequency (SRF) control. A machine learning model is trained to learn the correlations between the beam loss and the SRF signals. With the model, a...
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) relies on accurate tuning of its Drift Tube Linacs (DTLs) to maintain beam quality and operational efficiency. This work introduces a novel machine-learning-based approach to reconstruct the longitudinal phase space (LPS) at the entrance of DTL Tank 1 using two-dimensional phase scans from Tanks 1 and 2. A Deep Neural Network trained on synthetic...
This study explores the application of machine learning techniques for phase space reconstruction of heavy ion linac beams, a critical aspect of understanding and optimizing beam dynamics for advanced nuclear physics experiments. Modern machine learning methods, including neural networks and differentiable simulations, are employed to reconstruct the multidimensional phase space distribution...
This study presents a Neural Network (NN)-based feedback system to improve orbit correction precision at the Canadian Light Source (CLS), replacing the traditional Response Matrix (RM) algorithm. Implemented with TensorFlow-Keras, the NN model features three hidden layers with 96 nodes, processing high-frequency beam position monitor (BPM) data at 1 kHz from 48 vertical and 48 horizontal...
The performance of particle accelerators is critically dependent on the reliability of their power supplies, which can number in the thousands in many facilities. In this work, we present a method for monitoring temperature anomalies in power supplies using infrared (IR) imaging. By applying various machine learning algorithms to the IR imaging data, we develop a reliable anomaly detection...
MedAustron, a synchrotron-based ion therapy centre in Austria, is focused on enhancing cancer treatment performance. A key improvement opportunity lies in the regulation of the main ring bending dipoles, which currently require time-consuming procedures to ensure reproducibility and reliability of the associated magnetic fields (B-Fields). Other therapy centres globally address this through a...
The use of liquid lead as a target material in particle accelerators is of significant interest due to its high density, high thermal power absorption capacity, and resistance to radiation damage. This makes it particularly well-suited for the high-intensity proton beams being studied for CERN’s Muon Collider proposal, with powers ranging up to 4 MW. To minimize shock propagation and manage...
This study investigates the material properties of 3D-printed copper for use in radio frequency (RF) cavities, with a focus on its suitability for high-performance accelerator applications. Key aspects include an analysis of the corrosion and erosion resistance of the printed copper, as well as its electrical and thermal conductivity. Results demonstrate the potential of additive manufacturing...
In this study, we investigated the possibility of using a passive dielectric-lined waveguide structure on slice energy spread measurement of femtosecond electron beam. Such diagnostic setup for a 25 MeV electron beam with a duration of a few hundred femtoseconds is simulated using IMPACT-T. The DLW acts as a passive streaker by generating traverse wakefields that deflect the electron bunch....
The radiation damping time is a crucial parameter that depends on the overall magnetic structure of the accelerator. Accurate measurement of this damping time can provide insights into the fidelity of the accelerator model by allowing for a comparison with calculated damping time values. In this study, we present a series of measurements of radiation damping times at the VEPP-4M and VEPP-2000...
The transition from 3rd to 4th generation synchrotron light sources can primarily be characterized by a significant reduction in horizontal emittance. This enables a nearly uniform transverse X-ray beam profile and a brilliance that approaches the diffraction limit. A consequence of the upgrade to Diffraction Limited Storage Rings (DLSRs) is that the traditional emittance measurement...
The SuperKEKB electron-positron collider, which aims to achieve the world's highest luminosity, has suffered from "Sudden Beam Loss events (SBL)," in which several tens of percent of the beam current is lost and aborted within a few turns (20-30 µs). We have developed a new turn-by-turn beam size monitor to elucidate the cause and time evolution mechanism of the SBL events from a beam size...
Two CLIC TD24 accelerating structures, manufactured by CERN, are being tested on the high gradient 12 GHz RF test stand at XLAB. Installed at the end of 2024, these are the first devices to be tested at XLAB. Testing aims to verify that following conditioning they can be reliably operated at accelerating gradients of 100 MV/m. The conditioning process involves slowly increasing the peak RF...
To verify whether the design values of the nonlinear in-vacuum kicker magnet meet the specifications, a long coil measurement system was used. This report will describe the measurement system and the results of the magnetic field measurements.
Additive manufacturing of copper can be used to easily produce complex metallic shapes, including radio-frequency cavities. However to date there are limited studies of the RF properties of these cavities. We have produced by additive manufacturing three identical pill box cavities. Two of them have undergone post-treatement with different technologies and the third one has been kept as...
During the LHC Ion Run in 2023, the ALICE detector observed a high level of background that prevented efficient data taking. This background was caused by different ion species generated in the betatronic collimation region that were intercepted by the Tertiary collimator near ALICE interaction point. The mass-to-charge ratio of these generated ions cause them to follow a different trajectory...
The FCC-ee faces challenges in managing radiation from primary synchrotron photons, which can damage machine components and tunnel equipment due to cumulative exposure. Effective shielding is crucial to reduce equipment failure, prevent performance degradation, and limit reliance on costly radiation-hard materials.
The proposed solution involves enclosing photon stoppers with shielding...
The Korea-4GSR storage ring vacuum chamber is composed of materials such as aluminum and stainless steel. Among these, the aluminum extruded chamber for Pill getter insertion undergoes in-situ bake-out and getter activation in the storage ring tunnel at a temperature of 180°C for over 24 hours. The gap between the electromagnet and the vacuum chamber is as narrow as 1–2 mm, which could lead to...
The 13th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation (MEDSI 2025) marks the 25th anniversary since the first MEDSI workshop in 2000. This bi-annual meeting, hosted by MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, from September 15–19, 2025, is expected to welcome over 300 delegates and more than 30 industrial exhibitors. MEDSI is the...
The state-of-the-art additive manufacturing technology provides not only a new way for constructing metal components of particle accelerators and storage rings but also more freedom for designing them. GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Germany is worldwide one of the first teams working on 3D-printed resonant cavities for accelerators and 3D-printed cooling plates for storage...
In the field of beam diagnostics for radiotherapy, accurate dose delivery relies on ultra-thin, linear and radioresistant monitors to minimize beam scattering and achieve precise profiling. The first PEPITES prototype monitor features two segmented cathodes, each paired with a high-voltage-biased anode. This latter effectively captures secondary electrons generated by the cathodes when they...
At our institute, we needed a scalable SCADA system for both FRANZ and smaller laboratory test setups. Given the heterogeneity of devices, the system had to be easily extendable to support custom-built hardware, self-made devices, and standard PLC systems. Additional requirements included low maintenance, minimal system demands, and compatibility with various IT environments, operating...
Multi-Turn Extraction (MTE) is a resonance-based technique employed in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to split the beam in horizontal phase space before extraction to the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). The splitting efficiency is evaluated based on the uniformity of intensities across the beamlets, requiring fine-tuning of multiple parameters. In this paper, we investigate the influence of...
Currently, the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) is modernizing its accelerator complex, focusing on the development of new facilities and the enhancement of existing ones. Notably, the U400M cyclotron has been successfully modernized. As part of the upgrade of the U400M's main systems, a project for the deep modernization of its Automated Radiation Monitoring System (ARMS) was...
A Molfow+ vacuum study of the Injector of LIPAc was done and its results compared with real operation campaign.
LIPAc is a lineal accelerator located in the north of Japan whose purpose is to validate the engineering for the project IFMIF. During 2024 the commisioning phase B+ ended, which was the commissioning of LIPAc in its configuration without the SRF Linac replaced by the MEBT...
This paper introduces a motion protection framework for Insertion Device (ID) control in TPS. The motion protection for ID originally combines software soft limit protection and hardware limit switch protection. However, under certain optical encoder abnormal conditions, the limit switch is eventually triggered. The problem is that such events often result in potential hardware damage due to...
The ASU cryogenically cooled DC electron gun represents a state-of-the-art platform for testing novel photocathodes at room and cryogenic temperatures. The key electron beam diagnostic tool of this setup is the four-dimensional (4D) phase space reconstruction using the pinhole scan technique. In this work, we use the 4D phase space measurement to extract the Mean Transverse Energy (MTE)...
Diagnostics of charged particle beams is an important area in the field of accelerator technology. Non-destructive methods of beam diagnostics are becoming increasingly popular, as they allow measurements to be taken without changing the beam parameters. This is particularly valuable when studying continuous processes, the results of which can be distorted when using traditional diagnostic...
This study compares Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Power Spectral Density (PSD), and Wavelet Analysis for detecting tune coupling at the Canadian Light Source (CLS). Data were analyzed for low coupling, 1.4%, and 2.5% high coupling regimes, focusing on frequency identification and amplitude stability in X and Y directions. FFT revealed ~15% amplitude fluctuations, complicating tune...
With the advancement of science and technology, people are more dependent on the Internet and digital technology. We continue to improve our network system to increase speed and security of information transmission at NSRRC. We had established various levels of Information Security System (ISMS) documents and conducted many tasks and obtained the certification of ISO-27001.
Four horizontal paint bump magnets and two vertical paint bump magnets are used for the painting injection to produce a high intensity beam at J-PARC RCS. These paint bump power supplies are composed of the IGBT chopper units, and so the requirement waveforms can be controlled with high precision less than 1%. By using software that automatically creates input voltage (IV) patterns according...
Until recently, the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA) located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) was using analog cameras to monitor fluorescence screens. By now all cameras have been replaced by digital cameras directly connected via ethernet, making it possible to directly integrate them into our EPICS-based control system. The new control system integration also provides for...
Aperture measurements at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are routine procedures conducted during the early stages of beam commissioning, prior to the injection of high-intensity beams. This is to ensure that the aperture, defining the clearance for the circulating beams, is protected by the LHC collimation system. Local aperture measurements are performed to probe the available aperture at...
The low-level RF (LLRF) systems for S-band linear accelerating structures are typically implemented with heterodyne base architectures. We have developed and characterized the next generation LLRF (NG-LLRF) based on the RF system-on-chip (RFSoC) for C-band accelerating structures and the platform delivered the pulse-to-pulse fluctuation levels considerably better than the requirement of the...
The European Spallation Source - ESS, has achieved its major construction in Lund, Sweden and is currently continuing in parallel the commissioning of its first systems. ESS aims to install and commission the most powerful proton LINear ACcelerator (LINAC) designed for neutron production and a 5MW Target system for the production of pulsed neutrons from spallation. In support of this ambitious...
Characterizing the longitudinal bunch profile is crucial for understanding beam dynamics and ensuring optimal accelerator performance. To address these needs, Capacitive Pick-Up type Bunch Shape Monitors (CPU-BSMs) were developed at the Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS). These devices non-destructively measure the longitudinal bunch shapes of non-relativistic, nanosecond-scale ion beam...
We recently commissioned the Next GenerAtion Photocathode Laser system (NEPAL) in Hamburg’s XFEL facilities (FLASH and EuXFEL) and at DESY’s Photoinjector Test Facility (PITZ). The system delivers deep UV pulse trains up to 1 ms long at repetition rates as high as 4.5 MHz, with temporal and spatial shaping capabilities and individual amplitude control for bunch charge manipulation. The shaping...
The formation of non-Gaussian halo in both the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of beam bunches has been notoriously difficult to model and measure. We present a novel technique to measure the longitudinal halo of 2.5 MHz bunches (400 ns) in the Fermilab Recycler. Out-of-time beam is a critical issue for Mu2e, as it can introduce unwanted backgrounds that compromise the experiment’s...
Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) has been committed to serve users for eight years. In the first and second phases of TPS beamline project, there were 16 beamlines had been in operation. The third phase project had been launched in 2021. Facing the more persons and equip-ment in the experimental hall as well as power saving issue, we applied the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) scheme to simulate...
The Schottky signals encode various beam and machine parameters, such as betatron tune, chromaticity, momentum deviation and transverse emittance. In this contribution we present the architecture and the performance of the system estimating these parameters in real-time, providing the only non-invasive measurement of chromaticity at the Large Hadron Collider. The obtained results are assessed...
A novel approach combining online unknown input estimation with reconfigurable control has been developed to enhance orbit stability in the Siam Photon Source (SPS) storage ring. These unknown inputs, representing disturbances or uncertainties in the dynamic system, provide valuable insights for achieving robust control. Disturbances such as noise, temperature changes, and modeling...
The Proton Storage Ring (PSR) of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) accumulates a 625-us-long beam and compresses into a 290-ns-long (base-to-base) short pulse for the Lujan Center. For operation, due to the high-intensity nature, the PSR also serves as the most sensitive “diagnostics” for the accelerator operation. The changes in the PSR losses are more sensitive than any other...
To maintain optimal beam collision conditions and luminosity performance, SuperKEKB requires a fast orbit feedback dedicated to correcting offsets at the interaction point (IP). The 'iBump' feedback system calculates IP beam offset from Beam Position Monitor (BPM) measurements before and after collision and corrects by creating closed orbit bumps in the High Energy Ring (HER). This system has...
At CERN’s Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), high beam intensities are achieved through phase space painting with up to eight multi-turn injections from the linear accelerator Linac3. After each injection, the beam is cooled and stacked in longitudinal phase space using an electron cooler. During beam operation, key parameters such as RF cavity phases in the linac, the LEIR electron cooler gun...
We present an overview of recent and upcoming enhancements to the optical electron beam diagnostics stations at the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (FEL) facility. These diagnostic stations are designed to measure key beam parameters, including beam energy spread, length and emittance, at the third FEL of Novosibirsk FEL. Currently, the stations for measuring electron beam energy spread and...
Superconducting cavities with high Q-factor require precise tuning to match the RF frequency, ensuring stable electromagnetic fields and minimizing RF power consumption. At the XFEL accelerator, TESLA cavities are tuned using slow tuners (step motors) for coarse adjustments and fast tuners (piezoelectric actuators) for fine-tuning and compensating disturbances such as Lorentz Force Detuning...
Badger is optimization software created for the purpose of real-time accelerator tuning and operation. A range of optimization algorithms are available on this platform, implemented with both graphical and command-line user interfaces. This study shows the improvements in beam size, beam lifetime and related parameters at the Siam Photon Source storage ring following the application of Badger....
Collimators are used to minimize losses and to remove particles that would otherwise get lost downstream and irradiate the machine. Finding the optimal jaw positions is time consuming and with the upstream beam properties changing, the collimation settings would need to be readjusted each time. Therefore, a method to optimize collimator positions and to operate them at full capacity in a short...
To enhance the performance of next-generation X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs), it is crucial to produce high-quality electron beams with low emittance, particularly for attaining emittances below 0.2 mm.mrad for 100 pC bunch charges. This study introduces an emittance measurement method using an orthogonal dual-slit technique, aimed at enhancing measurement efficiency and achieving the...
At the core of IFMIF-DONES is placed the Target System. It generates a high-speed liquid lithium jet (15 m/s, 300°C) acting as the target for a 40 MeV, 125 mA deuterium-based linear accelerator, with the primary aim of qualifying fusion-related materials. The design of the Target System has evolved during the last few years addressing key challenges. Managing the 5 MW of power deposited...
With the increased performance of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), gas leak detection in the vicinity of the superconducting magnets cooled with cryogenic helium becomes a challenge.
To ensure operational safety and reliable detection of Oxygen Deficiency Hazard (ODH) for the next decade, the entire system will be refurbished during the LHC accelerator's long shutdown,...
In this paper, we investigate statistical and systematic tools to establish performance benchmarks for future beam profile measurement tools, using extensive data from both prototype and legacy Beam Wire Scanners and the Beam Synchrotron Radiation Telescope at the LHC. We detail direct and comparative analyses, including variability in beam size measurements, positioning accuracy, and profile...
This paper presents studies on advanced accelerator technologies conducted under the I.FAST (Innovation Fostering in Accelerator Science and Technology) EU project, focusing on additive manufacturing (AM) advancements. AM, particularly powder bed fusion, is giving unique production capabilities for accelerator components. As a proof-of-principle, a full-size pure copper Radio Frequency...
The TRIUMF ISAC-1 and ISAC-2 accelerator chains uses multiple fixed frequencies in their RF cavities. These include 5.8933 MHz, 11.7866 MHz, 35.36 MHz, 106.08 MHz and 141.44 MHz. These need to be synchronized in phase with respect to each other’s. The new frequency sources use x2, x3 and x4 low phase noise multipliers to generate these frequencies from a single low phase noise 5.8933 MHz...
In recent years, permanent magnet (PM) based multi-pole magnets have become an increasing concern as a replacement for conventional electro-magnets for light sources. The PMs are possible to save both energy and costs for operating and construction the facilities due to the absence of a power supply and cooling system. They have other advantages such as less space without magnetic coils and...
High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) and amorphous Carbon (a-C) thin films, and their combination, are being considered as possible surface coatings for the FCC-hh beam screen (BS) with the aims of reduction of the resistive wall impedance and mitigation of the electron cloud. Along with these required properties, i.e., the high electron conductivity and low secondary electron yield, the...
Fermilab's PIP-II aims to advance H⁻ beam profiling to meet the stringent requirements of its 800 MeV superconducting RF linac. A gain-switched laser system has been identified as a promising alternative to enhance the transverse beam measurement capabilities of the laser-based diagnostic system. This study aims to assess the feasibility of this approach by evaluating the performance of the...
Permanent-Magnet (PM) magnets combine up to zero power consumption with highly stable magnet operation without ripple and cooling vibration effects for more energy-efficient and stable accelerator operation.
As part of the upgrade program BESSYII+, we will install the B2PT dipole triplet as the first PM-based accelerator magnet. It concludes the BESSYII transfer line, transporting the...
A compact transverse-deflecting system (TDS) is being commissioned at the test facility FLUTE (Ferninfrarot Linac- und Test-Experiment) located at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). It has been proposed for diagnostics of short electron bunches. The idea of the technique is to use terahertz (THz) radiation, produced by the tilted-pulse front method using a part of the facility’s...
NSRRC started its solar energy systems installation project in 2016 and began construction in early 2017. Solar modules have been gradually planned and installed on the rooftops of office, laboratory, and Utility buildings. The total installed capacity has now accumulated nearly 1.2MWp, and the total electricity generated to date has reached 10.8GWh, with a total carbon reduction of 5.7kt....
The storage ring of the Hefei Advanced Light Source includes 120 magnet units, each of which is composed of 4-8 magnets with adjustment mechanisms placed on a rigid support. In order to improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of the alignment installation, we will complete the overall pre-alignment of the magnet unit in an independent laboratory with a good environment based on the...
Achieving precise and real-time diagnostics of electron beam characteristics is critical for enhancing the performance of ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and electron microscopy (UEM) techniques. Key parameters such as bunch size, emittance, energy spread, and spatial pointing jitter directly influence the quality and accuracy of experimental results. Traditional diagnostic methods often...
China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) accelerator complex will employ a new superconducting accelerating section to provide high beam power. To prevent contamination of the superconducting cavity surface caused by sputtering, shedding, or melting of medium materials during interceptive beam measurements, the second phase of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) superconducting linac...
A Terahertz (THz) transition radiation monitor, as part of a Bunch compression monitor (BCM)*, is implemented for longitudinal bunch diagnostics at FELs such as ELBE, FLASH, or EuXFEL. Typically pulse energy measurements are carried out after each bunch compressor stage using Coherent Diffraction Radiation (CDR) in the THz domain typically using pyro-electric detectors. For higher repetition...
The vacuum system for the Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) is optimized through a hybrid simulation methodology that integrates one-dimensional (1D) pressure profile calculations with three-dimensional (3D) test-particle Monte Carlo (TPMC) simulations using Molflow+.
In the initial phase, nitrogen-equivalent pressure simulations establish baseline parameters for pump placement, system...
The goal of machine learning for accelerator control is to automate the start-up, optimization, and execution of experiments at accelerator facilities with limited-to-no human operator input. To address this challenge, we have been pursuing a research program to completely automate sequential accelerator beamline configuration tasks at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA). These tasks...
Precise measurement of an electron bunch’s longitudinal profile is critical for wakefield accelerators as shaped electron bunches can improve transformer ratios in collinear wakefield acceleration. Electro-Optic sampling of terahertz (THz) radiation from the bunch is one of the most attractive approaches to provide a view into the structure of a relativistic electron bunch due to its...
Non-evaporable getter (NEG) films are ideal for maintaining ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions in particle accelerators, owing to their uniform pumping speeds and negligible outgassing characteristics. However, the requirement for thermal activation limits the applicability of NEG films. Prolonged exposure to atmospheric conditions and repeated activation cycles lead to a gradual increase in...
The Samarium-Cobalt (Sm₂Co₁₇) permanent magnet block is a promising material for accelerator applications due to its high radiation resistance, low temperature coefficient, high coercive force, and rust resistance. However, Sm₂Co₁₇ is costly and easily to brittleness. To reduce production costs, a glued Sm₂Co₁₇ block has been developed as a substitute for large blocks, which helps to lower...
The integrated luminosities in each of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have reached above 120 fb-1 during the proton run of 2024, the highest annual values since the beginning of the LHC operation. The same is true for LHCb, with over 10 fb-1 of integrated luminosity reached during proton operation in 2024. Such high levels of integrated luminosity are...
The application of Raspberry Pi cameras as cost-effective, versatile beam diagnostic tools is currently being explored at the Frankfurt Neutron Source (FRANZ). These compact imaging systems have been deployed to investigate proton beams at energies of 60 keV and 700 keV, including configurations where cameras are installed both externally and directly inside the accelerator’s RF resonator....
This study presents the development and implementation of a reinforcement learning-based algorithm for real-time luminosity tuning in collider experiments. The algorithm is initially pretrained on historical collider data and subsequently fine-tuned online during experiments. By analyzing accelerator measurements collected over several seconds, the model adjusts the magnetic structure to...
CERN has embarked on a new programme of Particle Accelerator Efficiency improvements that is inspired by lessons learned from the last years of operation and by the latest technology advancements. The field of equipment automation is being addressed through a mix of concrete developments and pilot projects. This paper presents the work on preparing a new paradigm of accelerator equipment...
SIRIUS is the 4th generation synchrotron light source of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Its storage ring has a world-leading orbit stability of 2/4% of the horizontal/vertical beam size at all beamline source points, integrated in the bandwidth from 0.1Hz to 1kHz. This achievement is strongly dependent on the performance of the fast orbit feedback system (FOFB), that has a...
This work summarizes the most significant diagnostic upgrades that have been implemented, as well as those currently under development, at the Solaris synchrotron facility. These include the installation, startup, and initial testing of a Bunch-by-Bunch Feedback (BBF) system that is currently being implemented at the Solaris synchrotron. Once operational, the BBF system will provide real-time...
The Low Energy Accelerator Development Facility * is located at the site of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY, USA) and is aimed to run a program specially targeting new collaborations for user-driven research. The facility has two fully radiation-shielded bunkers (153 and 77 sq. m) to where a range of electrical, cooling and RF capabilities are presently being introduced. The...
The Beam Interlock System is a key element of machine protection in CERN’s accelerators. It provides a fast and reliable way to link the accelerator systems to the beam dumping system, which ensures the safe extraction of the beams. This paper presents the reliability study of the new Beam Interlock System, which will replace the current system and will be deployed during CERN’s Long Shutdown...
The new Universal Quench Detection System (UQDS) and Protection Device Supervision Units (PDSU) are pivotal elements for the quench protection system of the new HL-LHC inner triplet magnets as well as for requesting a beam dump upon activation of the active quench protection systems, the novel Coupling Loss Induced Quench System (CLIQ) and traditional quench heaters. Given the criticality of...
The distribution of services throughout a large scientific facility like CERN relies on a 14-km-long network of technical galleries. They provide essential utilities to CERN's office buildings and technical facilities, such as hot water, drinking water, compressed air, gas and electrical supply. This network has been gradually expanded or partially discontinued based on the Laboratory's needs....
In the CEPC TDR, the RF beam separating system adopts an electro-magnetic separator scheme. The adverse issues of DC HV as high as hundred kV and beam impedance of the electrostatic separator are inevitable, so an alternative solution using kicker magnets and septum magnets was proposed. Compared with static-electrical separator, kicker magnet is stronger and contributes lower beam impedance....
Beam orbit stability is the key indicator for current synchrotron light sources,which has a direct effect upon accelerator performance as well as quality and stability of synchrotron light in experimental stations.This paper aims to realize the nano-scale stability requirement of the BPM independent support in limited narrow space for HALF.By establishing a theorical model and simulation...
A new harp has been installed in the Ring To Target Beam line (RTBT) section of Spallation Neutron Source. The Harp is made of two planes with 30 titanium 50 micron wide wires each plane. The narrow, low-Z wires versus the 100 micron tungsten wires of the original harp, are to minimize the beam scattering. This harp will be both a backup and a complement to the existing harp further...
A three-dimensional spiral beam injection scheme* has been developed since 2014. This scheme is for accumulating a charged particle beam with relativistic energy in a sub-meter storage ring to realize for the J-PARC Muon g-2/EDM experiment (E34). Prior to the E34 experiment, we conducted a demonstration experiment utilizing 80 keV pulsed electron beam generated by an electron gun**. The beam...
Previous works on reconstructing the 4D phase space using tomography require optimal selection of projection views to achieve accurate reconstruction. In 2D reconstruction, the process is straightforward, as an object can be evenly sampled by dividing the angles evenly. However, extending this concept from 2D to 4D is not intuitive. This work demonstrates that quaternions can be used to more...
A novel service-based EPICS and new front-end data acquisition method based on a high-availability Kubernetes cluster built on the Proxmox VE platform are proposed in this paper to enhance the performance and stability of the data acquisition system. By deploying EPICS services on the Kubernetes cluster, a new efficient front-end data processing and acquisition method is realized. The data...
Non-evaporable Getter (NEG) coating is a breakthrough technology wherein the inner walls of a vacuum chamber are coated with a material that functions as a vacuum pump. This technology is expected to gain widespread adoption across various fields in the future. However, the current coating method, originally developed for long beam ducts, is not adaptable to a wide range of vacuum chamber...
The Cryogenic Current Comparator (CCC) is a superconducting device for measurement of extremely weak currents with magnetic fields in the range of fT. It uses a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) as an ultrasensitive magnetometer and an elaborated superconducting shield for its protection from external magnetic fields. The system is operated in a helium bath cryostat, which...
This paper presents the strategy for the simultaneous cryogenic operation of the ESS superconducting linac, consisting of 43 cryomodules. It details the process logic required for different operational phases and introduces a novel control system designed to manage these complexities. Key features of the system are discussed, including multiple independent automatic control sequences, a master...
The National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) is dedicated to enhancing the operational efficiency of its facilities and improving user experience by developing a status and event automatic notification system. This system aims to monitor equipment status in real-time and automatically notify relevant personnel in case of anomalies or significant events. It continuously monitors...
RAON (Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for On-line experiments), a heavy-ion linear accelerator designed to advance basic and nuclear science with rare-isotope beams, successfully completed beam commissioning and, for the first time, provided beam user service for its low-energy section using an argon beam in 2024. The successful operation of such a complex and massive accelerator system...
The impact of high-flux protons on beam loss during slow extraction from the SPS to the North Area has been discussed, and improvements have been proposed focusing on reducing activation, lifetime reduction, and anode body distortion. The conducted studies shall demonstrate the feasibility of replacing the stainless-steel tank, flanges, and anode body with low-Z materials. A reduced-length...
The Korean 4th Generation Synchrotron Radiation (4GSR) accelerator demands high mechanical stability to ensure stable beam operation with extremely small beam sizes. To achieve this level of stability, a girder system is essential to provide reliable support for the accelerator components such as magnets, vacuum chambers, and BPMs. The girder system must meet several requirements: 1) high...
We have studied classical radiation from relativistic electrons at a facility, test accelerator as a coherent terahertz source (t-ACTS), the Research Center for Accelerator and Radioisotope Science (RARiS), Tohoku University. Cherenkov radiation is generated when a relativistic charged particle passes through a dielectric medium, while Cherenkov diffraction radiation (ChDR) is emitted when the...
In order to achieve laser pulse to electron beam arrival time sub-picosecond stability at the accelerator facilities, a new Low-Level Radio-Frequency system clock generators synchronization architecture is currently under investigation in collaboration between KEK (Japan) and IJClab (France). The system is based on the 10 MHz frequency generator (Stanford Research System), White Rabbit Switch,...
To ensure stable and continuous commissioning of SuperKEKB, the machine protection system (MPS) plays a crucial role in safeguarding the accelerator's hardware from damage caused by beam loss. The response time of the MPS is a critical factor in mitigating hardware damage caused by the radiation of abnormal beams. In this study, we investigate a novel laser fast abort system for the SuperKEKB...
This study aims to optimize the titanium coating for the Nonlinear In-vacuum Kicker (NIK) as part of the electron injection system upgrade project at the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS). To efficiently conduct the image current generated by the stored beam, a highly conductive titanium thin film must be deposited inside the NIK ceramic chamber. The improvement study demonstrated a reduction in...
The feasibility of incorporating ozonized water into the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chemical cleaning process for aluminum vacuum chambers was investigated. The experiments were conducted using custom-designed wet bench equipment under various temperature and time conditions. Auger analysis was used to evaluate the removal of organic contaminants, and TEM analysis measured changes in oxide layer...
NEG coated vacuum chambers provide an effective route for the acquisition of ultra-high vacuum in the diffraction limited storage rings. The lifespan and post-storage performance of the NEG films greatly affect the long-term stability and reliability of vacuum systems. In this work, Ti-Zr-V films were deposited on the inte-rior surface of the small aperture copper chamber using DC magnetron...
A large scientific facility, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), was being built to study basic and interdisciplinary sciences. The Booster ring (BRing), as the core device of the HIAF, has a magnetic rigidity of up to 34 Tm，and the field ramping rate of the pulsed dipole magnet is up to 12 T/s. To reduce the eddy current effect and beam loss caused by the rapid ramping of...
The all-optical synchronization system used in many X-ray free-electron laser facilities (XFELs) relies on electro-optical bunch arrival-time monitors (EO-BAM) for measuring the single bunch arrival-time with regards to an optical reference. An upgrade of the established EO-BAM is intended to achieve a sensitivity that enables stable operation with bunches down to charges of 1 pC or...
Exposure of synchrotron radiation on the vacuum chambers induces high yield of photoelectrons and the consequent increase of pressure from stimulated gas desorption. Characterization of the surface quality of vacuum chambers, either after chemical cleaning or with thin film coating, by synchrotron radiation exposure at a beamline is powerful and sensitive. In this study, analysis of...
Recently, it was found that Pd coating films exhibited ultra-low photon-stimulated desorption and low resistivity values. These advantages suggest that Pd coatings could be applied to small aperture tubes, including undulator vacuum tubes, which have a significant effect on resistive wall impedance.
In previous studies, the DC electrical resistivity of Pd films was measured using the...
We present ongoing work in which a surrogate model is developed to reproduce the response dynamics of the third-integer resonant extraction process in the Delivery Ring (DR) at Fermilab. This is in pursuit of smoothly extracting circulating beam to the Mu2e Experiment’s production target. The DR contains 3 harmonic sextupoles that excite a third-integer resonance and three fast, tune-ramping...
The Mainz Energy recovery Superconduction Accelerator (MESA) will be a recirculating electron linear accelerator, capable of delivering beam energies up to 155 MeV and 150 µA in external beam mode or 105 MeV and 10 mA in energy recovery mode. The building consists of a tunnel for the electron guns, spin preparation, and normal conducting pre-accelerator up to 5 MeV and 10 mA. The main...
A bunch-by-bunch synchrotron phase and beam phase detector system has been implemented to investigate the synchronous phase behavior of the storage ring and booster ring at the Taiwan Photon Source. These detectors employ I/Q demodulation to compute the beam phase and deliver data at a bunch-by-bunch, turn-by-turn, and 3 Hz frequency. The collected data is seamlessly integrated into the...
The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation facility operating at 2.2 GeV, with a storage ring circumference of 480 meters. The traditional lumped vacuum pumping scheme is insufficient to maintain the required vacuum environment due to space constraints and limited flow conductance in small-aperture vacuum chambers, a practical solution to these...
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is currently exploring a compact method of longitudinal electron bunch diagnostics with femtosecond resolution that has recently been demonstrated for other parameter ranges. The experimental setup utilizes a THz-based streaking approach with resonator structures, achieving both high compactness and efficiency. In this paper, we report on the experimental...
In particle accelerator complex, measurement of the beam profile monitor is important to mitigate the beam loss in a high-intensity beam linac. However, traditional metallic wires in wire scanner monitor (WSM) face thermal challenges with high energy deposition leads to rapid break. Since the CNT wire has a high-temperature tolerance and a small energy deposit due to the low density compared...
A new beamline steering software system is being developed for the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) accelerator storage ring. This system comprises three main components: The main steering server, which performs the actual beamline steering; The beamline steering server, which monitors users' steering requests and forwards them to the main steering server; And an operational steering...
A uniformly moving electron passing through a slab induces electromagnetic
emission known as transition radiation. The generated rays propagate inside
the slab and undergo multiple reflections off the slab boundary. We employ the polarization current method in order to derive the reflectionless
solution for an observed radiation intensity and compare it with that of Pafomov
which accounts...
Elettra 2.0, the next-generation synchrotron light source, leverages Digital Twin technologies to enhance commissioning and operational capabilities. This paper presents two Digital Twin implementations tailored to Elettra 2.0, enabling early software validation and performance assessment. The first Digital Twin is an accelerator simulator developed in PyAT, based on the ESRF framework but...
TPS altered the injection procedure this year, and it was later observed that the ADC counts of the BPM buttons fluctuated with the bucket address during injection cycles. Consequently, we noted that beam stability was affected by the different filling patterns, with some BPM pickups exhibiting more pronounced variations than others.
This report discusses various efforts to improve beam stability at the Taiwan Photon Source. The Fast Orbit Feedback (FOFB) system is essential for maintaining beam stability in the light source. Considering the trade-off between FOFB reliability and performance, we optimize the FOFB parameters to achieve better orbit stability in the TPS. Occasional spikes in the Beam Position Monitor (BPM)...
Two sets of blade-type beam position monitors (XBPMs) are installed in the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) front-end. The upstream XBPM, referred to as XBPM1, has been calibrated and can calculate the photon beam center position. The downstream XBPM, referred to as XBPM2, encountered difficulties during calibration. It was unable to obtain an effective linear range. Adjustments to the blade spacing...
The installation phase of the European Spallation Source (ESS) linear accelerator is nearly complete. As with other superconducting linacs operating in pulse mode, LLRF systems play a crucial role in controlling accelerating beam parameters.
Modern LLRF systems go beyond providing fast and reliable feedback for RF signal regulation; they also ensure precise, dynamic cavity tuning....
This paper presents the development and implementation of an observer-based estimation method to determine the photon beam position for various beamlines at the Siam Photon Source (SPS). The research addresses position drift issues, especially in beamlines without installed photon Beam Position Monitor systems (pBPMs). The method provides real-time estimates of photon beam positions, which are...
This study summarizes the X-ray pinhole camera results from two recently constructed diagnostic beamlines. We provide updated emittance and energy spread measurements for the TPS storage ring and implement online measurements for routine operational monitoring.
The Radio Frequency Protection Interlock (RFPI) system main responsibility is to collect predefined set of signals and to protect each RF station. In case of safety limits violations from any of this input signals the RFPI has to instantenously drop permits for the LLRF or RF amplifier (eq. Solid State Amplifier - SSA or klystron) operation.
This paper presents an overview of the final...
This study addresses the insufficient focusing force in solenoid focusing devices for low-energy electron accelerators, which leads to beam spot precision issues. A tunable double-ring permanent magnet focusing device based on the Halbach structure is proposed. The use of octagonal magnets replaces traditional sector magnets, avoiding the issue of differing magnetization directions. The...
The Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) Booster, which is currently in the design phase, has a circumference of 504 meters and accelerates electron bunches from 150 MeV to 3 GeV. The RF cavity section of the Booster is a key area, where maintaining ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions is essential to ensure stable beam acceleration and minimize beam-gas interactions. This work presents the...
The Iranian Light Source Facility (ILSF) is a 3 GeV synchrotron light source designed to serve as a cutting-edge tool for scientific research, providing high-brightness X-rays for a wide range of applications. In the booster ring, particles are accelerated to a final energy of 3 GeV and then stored in a storage ring with a maximum beam current of 400 mA.
The RF cavity is a fundamental...
In the magnetic field measurement system, a single-core CuZr wire is used in both the stretched-wire (SW) and pulsed wire measurement (PWM) systems. Before measuring the magnetic field of the undulators, the CuZr wire must be aligned with the center of the undulator mechanism. The SW system is then employed to locate the magnetic field center of the undulator. The traditional method involves...
The Korea-4GSR is a fourth-generation synchrotron radiation accelerator with an energy of 4 GeV, a beam current of 400 mA, and a circumference of 800 m. To satisfy the performance requirements of the storage ring, the gap between the electromagnets and the vacuum chamber is designed to be extremely narrow, from 1.5 mm to 2 mmA portion of the synchrotron radiation generated in the storage ring...
In the Karlsruhe Research Accelerator (KARA), electron beams of up to 200 mA are stored with an energy of 2.5 GeV, while injection is performed at 500 MeV. At the injection energy, the beam life time and the injection efficiency depend largely on Touschek scattering. As a counter-measure, the beam size can be enlarged transversally by an excitiing modulation, e.g. applied via a strip-line....
The Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) receives 160 MeV H- ions, which are converted to protons at injection via a charge exchange mechanism, an upgrade that allows the production of low-loss high-intensity beams (> 10^13 per ring). To mitigate losses due to space charge, horizontal phase-space painting is performed with a system of fours kickers whose pulse is customisable via time and...
A comprehensive program of tracking studies has been carried out to ensure that no train of injected electron bunches can traverse an open beamline during top-up operations at Elettra 2.0. The analysis explored various error scenarios, considering realistic magnetic field variations, trajectory shifts, aperture constraints, and energy deviations. This paper presents the tracking techniques...
Particle accelerators like CLEAR (CERN Linear Accearator for research) are essential tools in advancing various scientific fields. Automating their operation to ensure stability and reproducibility is crucial for future large-scale projects. This paper explores the first steps toward autonomous control of the CLEAR beamline, focusing initially on beam steering and advancing to complex tasks...
We report on tests to achieve low multiplicity (single electron) at the CLEAR facility with a well defined particle energy. This can be achieved by a set of three collimators around a dipole magnet. These collimators reduce the charge of the beam and they give three degrees of freedom, allowing to control the position, angle and energy of the selected particles.
The energy consumption of particle accelerators becomes an important issue nowadays. One option to address this is to employ cavities with a very high quality factor. Despite its energy saving potential, such quality factor poses a serious control problem, because the cavities become very sensitive to noise affecting their resonance frequency. A resonance controller is thus needed. There have...
This paper demonstrates progress towards a novel approach to particle accelerator control at ALS using a decentralized multi-agent framework powered by Large Language Models (LLMs). Our distributed control system deploys specialized autonomous agents to manage critical accelerator subsystems while maintaining coordinated operation through LLM-driven communication protocols.
The system...
The slow extracted beams at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) are transported over several 100 m long transfer lines to three targets in the CERN North Area Experimental Hall. The experiments need intensity fluctuations to be entirely eliminated over the roughly 5 s particle spill, requiring full debunching of the extracted beams. In this environment, secondary emission monitors (SEMs)...
The European Spallation Source ESS is a multi-nation, interdisciplinary research facility based on the world’s most powerful neutron source that will operate with high standards of availability and reliability minimizing downtime periods. In order to meet these goals, critical component’s performance and aging need to be constantly monitored and assessed. Transient Grating Spectroscopy (TGS),...
This research investigates the uncertainty in radiation dose measurements utilizing TLD-100 Dosemeters (LiF:Mg, Ti), and a TLD Reader System of Harshaw 6600 Plus present at Nepal Academy of Science and Technology. The calibration of the Dosemeter reader facilitated precise dose determination, resulting in mean calibration and correction factors of 1.052 and 0.003, respectively. Particularly at...
The Accelerator Operations and Technology division at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)is working on designing and implementing an Instrumentation and Controls System (ICS) for the Cathodes and Radio-frequency Interactions in Extremes (CARIE) project. The backbone of this project is the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS), which integrates all the hardware to...
The Xopt ecosystem offers a versatile suite of tools designed to address the growing needs of advanced optimization and online control in scientific applications. These tools include Xopt, which implements a number of advanced, machine learning based control algorithms, and Badger, which provides a GUI for use in accelerator control rooms. The goal of these tools is to standardize the...
We upgraded the beam abort system at the SuperKEKB positron ring to speed up the abort response and mitigate the damage caused by Sudden Beam Loss (SBL). An SBL event can result in the loss of tens of percent of the beam current within one or two turns. The huge radiation accompanying the beam loss can severely damage accelerator hardware and the detectors at the interaction point. The...
Hefei Infrared Free-Electron Laser device (IR-FEL) is a user experimental device dedicated to energy chemistry research that can generate high brightness mid/far infrared lasers. It is driven by an S-band linear accelerator with a maximum electron energy of 60 MeV. The stability of the final laser output is determined by the quality of the electron beam, and optimizing the Low-Level RF (LLRF)...
After nearly two decades of continuous operation, the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) of Main Cryogenic Plant 1 (MCP1) experienced a critical failure following a routine shutdown in September 2021. Despite thorough inspection and part replacement, the root cause of the failure remained elusive. Additionally, several seemingly normal spare parts were found to be damaged. Given the discontinued...
The declaration and approval of activities related to CERN's accelerator complex are critical for ensuring safety and compliance. For the past 12 years, the Intervention Management Planning And Coordination Tool (IMPACT) has been the primary system facilitating these processes, enabling approvals by domain and location experts. However, evolving requirements and advancements in technology have...
The Beam Gas Ionization (BGI) instrument provides a non-destructive method for monitoring transverse beam profiles by detecting free electrons produced during beam-gas ionization. Utilizing a Timepix-family detector, the BGI setup at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) includes two instruments dedicated to horizontal and vertical plane measurements. However, the quality of these measurements is...
The NSRRC currently operates two accelerators: the Taiwan Light Source (TLS), featuring a beam energy of 1.5 GeV and a circumference of 120 meters, and the Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), with a beam energy of 3 GeV and a circumference of 518.4 meters. The horizontal planes of the TPS and TLS beamlines are separated by approximately four floors.
The Thermo-Luminescent Dosimeter (TLD) is a compact...
The Siam Photon Source II project in Thailand is a fourth-generation synchrotron light source. The lattice of the 3 GeV electron storage ring is designed with 14 Double Triple Bend Achromat (DTBA) cells and a total circumference of 327.6 meters. The utility systems are essential for maintaining the stability and reliability of the electron beam. The design incorporates key components such as...
The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology operates the accelerator test facility Karlsruhe Research Accelerator, which also provides synchrotron radiation at 2.5 GeV. Roughly one third of the wall-plug power is used for cooling. Optimizing the infrastructure for cooling has a huge impact on the overall sustainability. To reduce the environmental impact a thermal well system was installed. It...
Multipacting is a well-known phenomenon in accelerator cavities,typically appearing at lower RF power levels. To gain a better comprehension and characterization of these resonant discharges, the Institute for Applied Physics at Goethe University Frankfurt has implemented optical diagnostic techniques as part of the FRANZ project. By installing Raspberry Pi cameras both inside and outside the...
The pumping speed of pill-type getter pumps for low-temperature activation, fabricated under different sintering conditions, were measured at various temperatures. To reduce uncertainty, the pumping speed measurements were performed on more than 70 getter pumps. This measurement method has limitations: it measures the pumping speed only on one side of the getter and may overestimate the speed...
MAX4U is an upgrade project of the existing MAX IV 3 GeV storage ring, to be realized until 2030 in Lund, Sweden. The goal of the upgrade is to reduce the horizontal electron beam emittance to below 100 pmrad. A new magnet lattice will be used, thus the vacuum system will have to be adapted to follow the new beam orbit of MAX4U.
Several lattices imposing the most severe changes to the beam...
With the current availability of cost-effective and compact electron LINACs operating in the 100-200 MeV energy range, there has been a growing interest in using Very High Energy Electron (VHEE) radiotherapy (RT) for cancer treatment. A particularly intriguing aspect is the Ultra High Dose Rate (UHDR) or FLASH dose regime, which focuses on damaging cancerous cells while sparing healthy...
In accelerators facilities, unexpected failures of water pumps can lead to overheating, unplanned downtime, and costly repairs. In this study, we present a novel approach for real-time monitoring of water pump vibrations to detect anomalies indicative of impending mechanical failures. We employ simple vibration sensors combined with machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Injector Upgrade project has achieved unprecedented beam brightness levels, to fulfill the High Luminosity LHC requirements. This higher intensity has introduced significant challenges for some of the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) kickers, specifically concerning beam-induced heating and vacuum rise due to electron cloud.
The primary concern is the integrity...
The ongoing upgrades to CERN power converters pose new challenges to the converter control hardware that require a next-generation embedded control computer: the Function Generator/Controller 4 (FGC4), currently in development. The hardware is based on an AMD Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC System-on-Chip (SoC), featuring a quad-core A53 ARM-architecture CPU, with one bare-metal core dedicated to the...
The Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) is a facility that consists of three free electron laser (FEL) systems installed on different parts of the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). These three FELs share the same acceleration system, which enables the generation of high average electron current, typically around 10 mA. Precise measurement of the electron beam parameters is essential for...
