Carbon ion therapy is gaining popularity due to its unique physical and radiobiological properties, such as a lower oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) than photon and proton therapy, indicating that efficacy is not limited by hypoxic tumor microenvironments. It also has a Its superior anticancer effect on hypoxic tumor cells, which are resistant to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. It...
CERN Linac4 was formally approved in 2007 in the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade Project with the purpose of removing the first intensity bottleneck in the chain of CERN LHC injectors. Linac4 was inaugurated in 2017 and became the sole proton injector at CERN in 2020. The experience and know-how built over a decade through the Linac4 project has subsequently been applied to accelerators...
